人工神经网络紫外光度法同时测定甲基苯甲醛的三种同分异构体及其与偏最小二乘法的比较

同分异构体的同时测定一直是分析化学领域的热点和难点问题,本文将化学计量学中的多元校正方法,如偏最小二乘法和人工神经网络法与紫外分光光度法相结合,同时测定了紫外吸收光谱严重重叠的甲基苯甲醛的三种同分异构体混合体系中各组分的含量。确定了测定的最佳波长范围为230～304 nm;测得48个混合标样的吸光度值用于建立模型,其中,邻、间、对甲基苯甲醛的浓度范围分别为6.0～15.0、7.0～16.0和8.0～19.0 μg·mL-1。7个模拟样品作为监测集用于检验所建立模型的预测性能。本文还讨论了三种组分浓度比例对所建立模型预测性能的影响并确定了可以准确测定的浓度比例范围。所建立的方法用于模拟样品的测定,其回收率在84.00%与109.60%之间。与偏最小二乘法的测定结果比较,经成对t检验表明,两种方法对邻、间甲基苯甲醛测定结果无显著性差异;而对甲基苯甲醛的测定,人工神经网络法的测定结果优于偏最小二乘法。     

偏最小二乘紫外分光光度法同时测定丁烯二酸的顺反异构体

将偏最小二乘法用于紫外分光光度分析,在pH=1.4的磷酸溶液中,同时测定了丁烯二酸的顺、反异构体。确定了测定的最佳波长范围为190～268nm;测得23个混合标样的吸光度值用于建立模型,顺、反丁烯二酸的浓度范围为3.0～14.0mg/L和1.0～13.0mg/L。所建立的测定二者模型的相关系数分别为0.9951和0.9983;平均回收率分别为100.8%和100.7%;均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.3667和0.2233;预测相对误差(REP)分别为5.05%和3.49%。对3个批次反丁烯二酸样品的测定结果与高效液相色谱法的测定结果进行比较,经成对t检验表明,两种方法的测定结果无显著性差异。     

Ce(Ⅳ)氧化-分光光度法间接测定尼莫地平

在酸性介质中,Ce(Ⅳ)氧化尼莫地平,其吸光度的变化随尼莫地平在一定质量浓度范围内呈线性关系。建立了一种间接测定尼莫地平的新方法,方法的线性范围为1～9μg mL,回收率为98.5%～105.0%,RSD为0.8%。检出限为0.032μg mL。方法已用于片剂中尼莫地平的测试。     

高碘酸钾氧化中性红褪色催化动力学光度法测定痕量硒(Ⅳ)

基于3.2×10-4mol/LH2SO4介质中,痕量硒(Ⅳ)催化KIO4氧化中性红的褪色反应,建立了测定痕量硒(Ⅳ)的动力学光度法。在固定加热时间段(6min)后,于530nm处测定中性红的吸光度降低值监控反应速率。方法检出限为0.36μg/L,校准曲线的质量浓度线性范围为0～8.0μg/L。实验了酸度、反应物浓度、温度、反应时间、干扰离子等因素的影响。研究了反应的最佳条件,并测定了一些动力学参数,催化反应的表观活化能为81.60kJ/mol。11次重复测定0.1μg/25mL和0.2μg/25mLSe(Ⅳ)的相对标准偏差分别为2.1%和1.9%。方法用于食品和人发样品中痕量硒(Ⅳ)的测定,相对标准偏差为0.33%～3.8%,加标回收率为96.0%～103.0%。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定羊剪绒制品中铅、铬、钴

采用人工汗液萃取法处理样品,提出了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法同时测定羊剪绒制品中铅、铬和钴含量的方法。1.000g样品用30mL人工汗液于40℃萃取20min,选择铅、铬和钴的灰化温度和原子化温度分别为650℃,1 000℃,1 200℃和1 500℃,2 300℃,2 100℃。在优化的试验条件下,铅、铬和钴的质量浓度分别在10.00～100.0μg.L-1,20.00～100.0μg.L-1,20.00～100.0μg.L-1范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.038,0.091,0.086μg.L-1。方法可用于羊剪绒制品中铅、铬和钴含量的测定,回收率分别在95.5%～97.3%,93.9%～97.7%,98.5%～99.3%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于5.0%。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中乙酸乙酯和丙烯酸乙酯

建立吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中乙酸乙酯和丙烯酸乙酯的方法。称量5 g土壤样品于40 mL吹扫瓶中,加入5 mL超纯水进行吹扫捕集提取,用DB-624毛细管色谱柱（60 m×250μm,1.4μm）分离,全扫描后进行谱库检索定性,内标法定量。乙酸乙酯和丙烯酸乙酯的质量浓度在5.0～200μg/L范围内与定量离子与内标定量离子色谱峰面积的比值线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.999 6和0.999 2,检出限分别为1.2、1.4μg/kg。样品加标平均回收率分别为95.8%～108%,79.9%～98.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.92%～13.7%、2.05%～13.8%(n=6)。该方法可用于土壤中乙酸乙酯和丙烯酸乙酯的测定。     

钛催化十六烷基三甲基溴化铵活化H2O2氧化甲基绿褪色动力学光度法测定痕量Ti（Ⅳ）

基于在稀H2SO4介质中及90℃条件下,痕量Ti(Ⅳ)对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵活化H2O2氧化甲基绿褪色反应有明显的催化作用,据此建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量Ti(Ⅳ)的分析方法。优化了实验条件。非催化反应(吸光度为A0)与催化反应(吸光度为A)在波长631nm处的吸光度差值△A与Ti(Ⅳ)的质量浓度ρ在0.03～1.50μg/25 mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为7.488×10-10g/mL。在25 mL溶液中对1.0μg Ti(Ⅳ)标准溶液测定12次,相对标准偏差为1.3%。测定了动力学参数,反应为准一级反应,表观速率常数为5.72×10-4/s,表观活化能为41.78 kJ/mol。该分析方法用于炼钢烧结矿中痕量Ti(Ⅳ)的测定,样品中钛含量与对照值吻合较好,RSD(n=6)为0.18%和0.22%,回收率在98%～101%,符合痕量分析要求。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定硒碲混合物中的碲

建立了酒石酸-硝酸-盐酸混酸溶解样品,在王水-酒石酸介质中,采用空气-乙炔火焰在原子吸收光谱仪上测定硒碲混合物中碲的方法。研究了样品处理方法、乙炔流量、燃烧高度、灯电流、溶液介质等有关工作条件。实验表明碲浓度在1～20μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为A=0.0229C+0.0009,相关系数0.9998,检出限0.08μg/mL。适合于硒碲混合物中碲的测定,相对标准偏差为0.9%～1.3%,回收率为98%～102%。     

碘量紫外分光光度法测定碳氢燃料过氧化值

建立测定碳氢燃料过氧化值的碘量紫外分光光度法。样品溶于乙醇中，加入0.50 mL冰乙酸，用饱和碘化钾-乙醇溶液定容至10 mL，避光显色90 min，过氧化物在酸性条件下与碘化钾反应生成黄色的I₃^-，在360 nm处测定吸光度，计算过氧化氢的含量。过氧化氢的质量浓度在0.106 1～1.061μg/mL范围内与吸光度线性关系良好，相关系数为0.999 8，方法检出限为0.015μg/mL。样品加标回收率为97.3%～103.6%，测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5%(n=6)。该法适用于测定碳氢燃料的过氧化值。     

微波消解样品-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定焦炭灰中钾、钠含量

0.100 0g焦炭灰样品经氢氟酸-硝酸(1+3)溶液8mL消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中钾和钠的含量。钾和钠的质量浓度分别在4mg.L-1及2mg.L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3σ)分别为12μg.L-1及6μg.L-1。方法用于分析焦炭灰标准物质,测定值与认定值相符,钾和钠的相对标准偏差(n=11)依次在2.7%～3.8%和1.3%～3.1%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.