Pseudospherical Surfaces and Evolution Equations

We consider evolution equations, mainly of type u_t = F(u, u_x,..., ?^ku/?x^k), which describe pseudo-spherical surfaces. We obtain a systematic procedure to determine a linear problem for which a given equation is the integrability condition. Moreover, we investigate how the geometrical properties of surfaces provide analytic information for such equations.     

On Equations Which Describe Pseudospherical Surfaces

Using the notion of a differential equation which describes an η-pseudospherical surface (η-p.s.s.), we give a characterization of the equations of type u_xt = F(u, u_x,…, ?^ku / ?x^k), k ≥ 2, with this property. We obtain a systematic procedure to determine a linear problem for which a given equation is the integrability condition. The equations of type u_xt = F(u, u_x) were characterized by Rabelo and Tenenblat in another paper. The theory is applied to several equations, some of which were not known to describe η-p.s.s.     

Arrangements on Parametric Surfaces I: General Framework and Infrastructure

We introduce a framework for the construction, maintenance, and manipulation of arrangements of curves embedded on certain two-dimensional orientable parametric surfaces in three-dimensional space. The framework applies to planes, cylinders, spheres, tori, and surfaces homeomorphic to them. We reduce the effort needed to generalize existing algorithms, such as the sweep line and zone traversal algorithms, originally designed for arrangements of bounded curves in the plane, by extensive reuse of code. We have realized our approach as the Cgal package Arrangement_on_surface_2. We define a compact and modular interface for our framework; for a given application a required small subset of the interface can be identified. Then, only this subset must be implemented. A companion paper describes concretizations for several types of surfaces and curves embedded on them, and applications. This is the first implementation of a generic algorithm that can handle arrangements on a large class of parametric surfaces.     

MARM Processes Part I: General Theory

This paper introduces a new class of real vector-valued stochastic processes, called MARM (Multivariate Autoregressive Modular) processes, which generalizes the class of (univariate) ARM (Autoregressive Modular) processes. Like ARM processes, the key advantage of MARM processes is their ability to fit a strong statistical signature consisting of first-order and second-order statistics. More precisely, MARM processes exactly fit an arbitrary multi-dimensional marginal distribution and approximately fit a set of leading autocorrelations and cross-correlations. This capability appears to render the MARM modeling methodology unique in its ability to fit a multivariate model to such a class of strong statistical signatures. The paper describes the construction of two flavors of MARM processes, MARM ⁺ and MARM ^? , studies the statistics of MARM processes (transition structure and second order statistics), and devises MARM-based fitting and forecasting algorithms providing point estimators and confidence intervals. The efficacy of the MARM fitting and forecasting methodology will be illustrated on real-life data in a companion paper.     

Random Graph Coverings I: General Theory and Graph Connectivity

In this paper we describe a simple model for random graphs that have an n-fold covering map onto a fixed finite base graph. Roughly, given a base graph G and an integer n, we form a random graph by replacing each vertex of G by a set of n vertices, and joining these sets by random matchings whenever the corresponding vertices are adjacent in G. The resulting graph covers the original graph in the sense that the two are locally isomorphic. We suggest possible applications of the model, such as constructing graphs with extremal properties in a more controlled fashion than offered by the standard random models, and also "randomizing" given graphs. The main specific result that we prove here (Theorem 1) is that if is the smallest vertex degree in G, then almost all n-covers of G are -connected. In subsequent papers we will address other graph properties, such as girth, expansion and chromatic number. Received June 21, 1999/Revised November 16, 2000 RID="*" ID="*" Work supported in part by grants from the Israel Academy of Aciences and the Binational Israel-US Science Foundation.     

Affine Locally Symmetric Surfaces in R~4

The nondegenerate affine locally symmetric surfaces in R^4 with the transversal bundle defined by Nomizu and Vrancken have been studied and a complete classification of the locally symmetric surfaces with flat normal bundle has been given.     

Modified Defect Correction Algorithms for ODEs. Part I: General Theory

The well-known method of Iterated Defect Correction (IDeC) is based on the following idea: Compute a simple, basic approximation and form its defect w.r.t. the given ODE via a piecewise interpolant. This defect is used to define an auxiliary, neighboring problem whose exact solution is known. Solving the neighboring problem with the basic discretization scheme yields a global error estimate. This can be used to construct an improved approximation, and the procedure can be iterated. The fixed point of such an iterative process corresponds to a certain collocation solution. We present a variety of modifications to this algorithm. Some of these have been proposed only recently, and together they form a family of iterative techniques, each with its particular advantages. These modifications are based on techniques like defect quadrature (IQDeC), defect interpolation (IPDeC), and combinations thereof. We investigate the convergence on locally equidistant and nonequidistant grids and show how superconvergent approximations can be obtained. Numerical examples illustrate our considerations. The application to stiff initial value problems will be discussed in Part II of this paper.     

一般对称型的F-Sobolev不等式

Some sufficient conditions for the F-Sobolev inequality for symmetric forms are presented in terms of new Cheeger‘s constants. Meanwhile, an estimate of the F-Sobolev constants is obtained.     

On Symmetric Invariants of Level Surfaces Near Regular Points

We consider the symmetric invariants of the level surfaces ofa smooth function away from its critical points, and prove forthem some formulae in divergence from. We then apply these formulaeto obtain an isoperimetric inequality for the surface area oflevel surfaces of p-capacity potentials.     

Symmetric Semi-perfect Obstruction Theory Revisited

In this paper we survey some results on the symmetric semi-perfect obstruction theory on a Deligne–Mumford stack X constructed by Chang–Li, and Behrend’s theorem equating the weighted Euler characteristic of X and the virtual count of X by symmetric semi-perfect obstruction theories.As an application, we prove that Joyce’s d-critical scheme admits a symmetric semi-perfect obstruction theory, which can be applied to the virtual Euler characteristics by Jiang–Thomas.     

广义对称矩阵反问题有解的条件

本利用矩阵的奇异值分解讨论了一类广义对矩阵阵反问题，得到了此类矩阵反问题有解的充分必要条件及通解的表达式。     

A Unified Equiaffine Theory for Surfaces in IR4 Part II: Indefinite Surfaces

Results in Mathematics - In this paper we introduce a general equiaffine theory for indefinite surfaces in IR4 with respect to an asymptotic connection. By special choices of asymptotic connections...     

On Real Forms of Belyi Surfaces With Symmetric Groups of Automorphisms

In virtue of the Belyi Theorem an algebraic curve can be defined over the algebraic numbers if and only if the corresponding Riemann surface can be uniformized by a subgroup of a Fuchsian triangle group. Such surfaces are known as Belyi surfaces. Here we study the actions of the symmetric groups S _n on Belyi Riemann surfaces. We show that such surfaces are symmetric and we calculate the number of connected components of the corresponding real forms.     

Patterson-Sullivan Theory in Higher Rank Symmetric Spaces

Let X = G/K be a Riemannian symmetric space of noncompact type and a discrete “generic” subgroup of G with critical exponent . Denote by the set of regular elements of the geometric boundary of X. We show that the support of all -invariant conformal densities of dimension on (e.g. Patterson-Sullivan densities) lie in a same and single regular G-orbit on . This provides information on the large-scale growth of -orbits in X. If in addition we assume to be of divergence type, then there is a unique density of the previous type. Furthermore, we explicitly determine and this G-orbit for lattices, and show that they are of divergence type. Submitted: November 1997, revised: January 1999.     

Class Field Theory for Arithmetic Surfaces

In this paper we improve the results of K. Kato and S. Saito about the ramified class field theory of arithmetic surfaces and give an affirmative answer to the problem 2 of S. Bloch in Ann. of Math. 114(1981), pp.229-265