湍流混合层流场的PIV测量

本文使用PIV对在坚直通道内放置一个特殊设计的隔板所形成的湍流混合层流动进行测量,高低侧速比为4:1,基于两股流体速度差和管道水力半径的Re数范围4400～158400.发现混合层中大涡拟序结构的尺度随雷诺数的增加而增大,而后又随雷诺数的继续增大而减小,气泡的加入会延缓或阻碍大涡拟序结构的发展.对雷诺应力、湍流强度、涡量、旋涡强度在混合层流场内随雷诺数的变化和分布规律进行分析,发现混合层内雷诺应力、湍流强度、涡量及旋涡强度均集中分布在隔板下游一个较窄的锥形区域内,雷诺应力和湍流强度随雷诺数的增大先增人后减小,随离开隔板距离的增大而减小.涡量及旋涡强度随雷诺数的增大而增加,随离开隔板距离的增大而减小.     

湍流边界层拟序结构的大涡模拟研究

采用动力亚格子模型,利用大涡模拟方法模拟了雷诺数为13000的充分发展槽道湍流流动。从瞬时速度和脉动 速度场、脉动速度相关、均方根脉动涡量分布、以及瞬时涡量场等多个方面,对湍流边界层流动的拟序结构进行了分析, 包括近壁区小尺度湍流结构和瞬态过程,如条纹结构、喷射和扫掠过程、以及近壁旋涡结构等。     

粗糙壁面湍流边界层流动和拟序结构的大涡模拟研究

采用LES方法和虚拟粗糙元模型,,模拟了Rer=180有粗糙壁面的充分发展槽道湍流流动.从流向平均速度、脉动速度均方根、雷诺剪切应力、脉动速度相关,以及瞬时近壁准流向涡结构等多个方面,对粗糙壁面湍流边界层流动和拟序结构进行了分析.结果表明,粗糙壁面处雷诺剪切应力、脉动速度均方根以及近壁条带平均距离和准流向涡尺度都大于光滑壁面,且随着粗糙元高度的增加这种趋势更加明显.本工作为进一步研究颗粒在近壁区域的弥散规律奠定了基础.     

稠密颗粒射流倾斜撞击颗粒膜特征

采用高速摄像仪对稠密颗粒射流倾斜撞击形成的类液体颗粒膜特征进行实验研究,考察了颗粒粒径、射流速度以及射流含固率等因素对颗粒膜形态及动态特征的影响.结果表明:随着颗粒粒径增大,稠密颗粒倾斜撞击流由颗粒膜向散射模式转变;随着射流速度增加,气固不稳定增强,射流流量出现脉动,正面与侧面分别表现为颗粒膜的非轴对称振荡和表面波纹结构;颗粒膜非轴对称振荡的振荡频率和振荡幅度随射流速度的增大而增大;表面波纹速度和波长沿传播方向增大,波纹间存在叠加现象.颗粒膜出现非轴对称振荡主要是因为喷嘴出口由气固不稳定性引起的射流流量脉动,射流流量脉动频率与撞击面振荡频率基本相当.     

出口雷诺数对平面射流自保持性的影响

通过实验研究出口雷诺数对平面湍流射流自保持性的影响. 测量的射流来自相同的喷嘴但不同的雷诺数Re（≡U_jh/ν,其中U_j是出口平均速度、h是窄缝出口的厚度和ν是黏性系数）,其变化范围是Re=4582—57735.所得的数据包括沿轴线的平均速度、湍流强度、积分尺度、高阶矩和能谱. 实验发现,随着Re的增大,平面射流发展减慢,平均速度和湍流强 关键词： 平面射流 雷诺数 自保持性     

圆形射流中心线上小尺度湍流的统计特性及其受高频噪声的影响

本文采用热线风速仪测量了出口雷诺数为Re (≡ U_jd/ν) = 20100的圆形射流的中心线轴向速度,其中U_j为动量平均出口速度,d为喷嘴出口直径,ν为运动黏性系数.在有效去除热线测量数据中的高频噪声后,作者对射流中心线上小尺度湍流统计量的变化规律进行了系统的分析.研究发现,射流在经过一定距离的发展后,其小尺度统计量逐渐进入自相似状态,湍动能平均耗散率ε随下游距离的增加以指数形 关键词： 恒温热线 圆形湍射流 耗散率 小尺度     

回流扩散燃烧火焰湍流结构特性的PIV测量

利用粒子图像速度场测量(PIV)技术对不同燃空速度比下的钝体回流扩散燃烧流场进行了测量,考察不同火焰的湍流结构特性.结果表明,流场中轴向脉动速度沿钝体中心轴线成对称分布,轴向脉动速度最大值出现在钝体中心轴线处,流场切向雷诺应力以饨体轴线呈中心对称,在中心轴线处切向雷诺应力值为0,随燃空速度比的增大,轴向脉动速度和切向雷诺应力不断增大,随着与钝体表面的距离增加,流场截面上最大轴向脉动速度不断减小,最大切向雷诺应力先增大,后减小.     

基于Lyapunov指数的摇摆条件下自然循环流动不稳定性混沌预测

运用基于最大Lyapunov指数的混沌预测方法对摇摆条件下自然循环系统的流量脉动进行了预测. 对不规则复合型脉动的流量脉动实验数据进行相空间重构, 计算关联维数、二阶Kolmogorov熵和最大Lyapunov指数等几何不变量, 在说明不规则复合型脉动是混沌运动的基础上, 根据最大Lyapunov指数对不规则复合型脉动进行了预测. 通过预测结果和实验结果对比发现: 对于复杂的两相自然循环流动不稳定性, 预测结果具有较高的精度, 说明预测方法的可行性. 同时, 确定了混沌系统可预测的尺度, 提出用动态预测的方式监测系统流量脉动. 本文的研究方法为两相流复杂的流动不稳定性研究提供了新的思路. 关键词： 混沌时间序列 实时预测 最大Lyapunov指数 两相流动不稳定性     

雷诺数对圆形渐缩喷嘴湍流射流的影响

本文研究雷诺数(Re)对圆形渐缩喷嘴湍流射流的影响.实验在射流出口雷诺数为 Re = 4050—20100 的范围内进行,分别测量了射流出口、中心线的平均及湍流流场以及部分径向剖面速度分布.所有测量均采用单热线恒温热线风速仪进行高频采样,所测流场范围在轴向上为 0—30d(这里d为射流出口直径).虽然出口速度分布均为"平顶帽"形,但测量结果依然反映出Re对射流出口以及下游流场有强烈的影响.当Re小于临界值(～10000)时 关键词： 雷诺数 圆形射流 热线风速仪     

大曲率弯道中拟塑性流体的湍流数值计算研究

本文采用一种耦合流体流变性的修正的低雷诺数k-ε模型,结合前期建立的适用于拟塑性非牛顿流体的高精度算法,数值模拟研究了90°大曲率方截面弯道中拟塑性流体的湍流流动,并与实验数据进行比较。结果表明,主流速度的预测值与实验结果呈现出较为一致的分布趋势,表明了方法与模型的有效性。在弯道及其下游平直恢复段,拟塑性流体湍流的脉动动能最大值均出现在弯道的侧壁附近。而在弯道的下游恢复段,轴向和径向湍流脉动强度在从截面中心到弯管外壁的方向上分布呈现出先减小后增大的趋势。     

Non-premixed turbulent combustion modeling based on the filtered turbulent flamelet equation

In turbulent combustion simulations, the flow structure at the unresolved scale level needs to be reasonably modeled. Following the idea of turbulent flamelet equation for the non-premixed flame case, which was derived based on the filtered governing equations(L. Wang, Combust. Flame 175, 259(2017)), the scalar dissipation term for tabulation can be directly computed from the resolved flowing quantities, instead of solving species transport equations. Therefore, the challenging source term closure for the scalar dissipation or any assumed probability density functions can be avoided;meanwhile the chemical sources are closed by scaling relations. The general principles are discussed in the context of large eddy simulation with case validation. The new model predictions of the bluff-body flame show sufficiently improved results, compared with these from the classic progress-variable approach.     

Topological evolution near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in turbulent mixing layer

The topological evolution near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) in turbulent mixing layer is studied by means of statistical analysis of the invariants of velocity gradient tensor (VGT) based on direct numerical simulation data. The dynamics of topological evolution is investigated in terms of the source terms of the evolution equations for the invariants, including the pressure effect term, viscous effect term and interaction term among the invariants. It is found that the local topology of fluid particles at the TNTI evolves from non-focal region to focal region in the plane of the second (Q) and the third (R) invariants of the VGT. The topological evolution is mainly associated with the pressure effect term in the TNTI region. According to the analysis of the evolution of enstrophy and dissipation, the enstrophy increase and the dissipation decrease are revealed in the TNTI region, which are caused by viscous vorticity diffusion near the TNTI. A weak correlation between the strain rate and the rotation rate is found in the TNTI region which is related to the reduction of enstrophy production. The alignments between vorticity and strain near the TNTI are investigated and a strong alignment of the vorticity with the extensive eigenvector direction is identified in the TNTI region.     

Compressible turbulent flame speeds of highly turbulent standing flames

In this paper we present the first measurement of turbulent burning velocities of a highly turbulent compressible standing flame induced by shock-driven turbulence in a Turbulent Shock Tube. High-speed schlieren, chemiluminescence, PIV, and dynamic pressure measurements are made to quantify flame–turbulence interaction for high levels of turbulence at elevated temperatures and pressure. Distributions of turbulent velocities, vorticity and turbulent strain are provided for regions ahead and behind the standing flame. The turbulent flame speed is directly measured for the high-Mach standing turbulent flame. From measurements of the flame turbulent speed and turbulent Mach number, transition into a non-linear compressibility regime at turbulent Mach numbers above 0.4 is confirmed, and a possible mechanism for flame generated turbulence and deflagration-to-detonation transition is established.     

等离子体湍流扰动诊断数据的系综平均与湍流物理概念的一致性问题

讨论了等离子体湍流诊断数据分析中的统计系综平均问题。指出时间平均和样本平均作为近似系综平均可能存在的问题。对前者,建议用扰动量的统计系综平均值与它的均方根值的比值,来判断扰动量的随机性程度;对后者,说明该近似的精度在很大程度上取绝于样本数据时间总长度与扰动关联时间之间的数量级关系。本文还列举一些与等离子体湍流物理概念不一致的实验数据分析方法,以引起重视和讨论。     

On the thermodynamics of turbulent convection

The thermodynamic properties of a steady-state flow in the gravitational field have been determined by applying the entropy production equation and the Prigogine theorem to an ideal one-component turbulent gas under the assumption that fluctuations are polytropic. Applications to the problems of the surface layer dynamics and free convection are also considered.     

Self-similar turbulent dynamo

The amplification of magnetic fields in a highly conducting fluid is studied numerically. During growth, the magnetic field is spatially intermittent: it does not uniformly fill the volume, but is concentrated in long thin folded structures. Contrary to a commonly held view, intermittency of the folded field does not increase indefinitely throughout the growth stage if diffusion is present. Instead, as we show, the probability-density function (PDF) of the field-strength becomes self-similar. The normalized moments increase with magnetic Prandtl number in a powerlike fashion. We argue that the self-similarity is to be expected with a finite flow scale and system size. In the nonlinear saturated state, intermittency is reduced and the PDF is exponential. Parallels are noted with self-similar behavior recently observed for passive-scalar mixing and for map dynamos.     

Plasma turbulent reactors

Similarity solutions are found for the evolution of the distribution functions of the radiation and relativistic electrons in a plasma turbulent reactor (PTR). These solutions have a “universal” power-law form which is shown to be analogous to the Kolmogorov spectrum for fluid turbulence and stable in the same sense. These results appear to have a minimal model dependence and may have considerable implications for our understanding of nonthermal radiation sources in astrophysics which have power-law spectra. The PTR theory gives two values for the resultant radiation spectrum if the PTR's relativistic electrons are placed in an optically thin environment, namely a spectral falloff of ω^−0.5 and ω⁻¹ in remarkably close agreement with the observed values.     

Turbulent vortex rings in weakly turbulent and in turbulent ambient flow

Turbulent vortex rings were investigated in weakly turbulent flow and in three different grid generated turbulent flows to clarify the reciprocal action of the vortex ring with defined external turbulence. Assuming self-similarity and turbulent viscosity as proportional to V₀D₀ the equations for the ring diameter D(t) and the velocity of propagation V(t) were derived. The time difference Δt between the virtual origins of 1/V(t) respectively D²(t) led to an invariant term. The equation of momentum is fulfilled. – Position and diameter of the vortex rings were determined till their decay by means of an optical system, which did not disturb the vortex rings. The experimental results in weakly turbulent ambient flow obtained by the author and by others confirm the theory very well. The ambient turbulence was nearly constant in the measuring region; its effect could be described by simply adding its viscosity to the vortex ring’s internal turbulent viscosity. The results could be represented in unified non-dimensional diagrams. Moreover, an explanation was found as to why the mean internal turbulent viscosity is constant.