不确定初始几何缺陷壳的动态屈曲分析

研究了动载作用下含有不确定初始几何缺陷壳的动态屈曲问题.给出了不确定初始几何缺陷在椭球描述和区间描述下,壳的动态响应和安全因子的界限估计.从数学证明和数值算例两方面,讨论了基于不确定性初始几何缺陷两种描述的凸模型方法和区间分析方法所得壳动态响应及安全因子的界限的关系,为判断壳的动态屈曲失效提供了依据.     

钢管混凝土纯压拱失稳临界荷载计算的等效柱法

在双重非线性有限元分析的基础上,进行了钢管混凝土纯压拱失稳临界荷载的简化计算方法——等效柱法的研究,提出了等效柱法中考虑矢跨比影响的稳定系数K₁ 以及考虑初始几何缺陷影响的折减系数K₂及其与现有规范相对应的计算公式。与有限元计算结果的对比表明,采用考虑矢跨比因素的稳定系数的等效柱法能较精确地估算钢管混凝土纯压拱的非线性失稳临界荷载,且计算精度受含钢率和钢材种类变化的影响较小。     

纯压钢管拱稳定临界荷载计算的等效柱法

以均布荷载下的抛物线钢管拱为研究对象,在考虑双重非线性的有限元分析基础上,讨论了完善拱和有初始几何缺陷的拱的弹性失稳和弹塑性失稳的特性,提出纯压钢管拱稳定临界荷载计算的等效柱法.分析结果表明,矢跨比是计算拱临界荷载的重要影响因素,而现有等效柱法中没有考虑这一因素的影响,为此,提出等效柱的稳定系数中考虑矢跨比影响的计算方法.有初始几何缺陷的拱将发生极值点失稳,且极值点荷载要小于分支屈曲临界荷载,为此提出缺陷拱等效柱法考虑缺陷影响的计算方法.给出了钢管拱失稳临界荷载等效柱法计算的相应公式和实用表格.与双重非线性有限元计算结果对比表明,提出的等效柱法能方便且较精确地估算钢管拱的非线性临界荷载.     

准静态一维应变实验装置的设计与验证研究

准一维应变状态测试技术对混凝土等脆性材料的力学性能研究具有重要意义,而目前准一维应变实验装置设计单一、互换性较差,所以无法实现普及。针对上述情况,本文在套管围压装置的基础上进行叠加式设计与组合式分离设计,旨在建立一套结构简单、适用性广的准静态被动围压装置。基于数值模拟方法,本文对混凝土试样在一维应变状态与套管围压作用下的力学特性进行研究,从而分析混凝土试样在套管装置下能达到一维应变状态的程度;同时,对叠加式套管与整体式套管的性能进行比较,发现叠加式套管理论上能在准一维应变实验中很好地代替整体式套管。组合式分离设计的有效性最终通过相关实验得到验证。     

高导无氧铜杆高应变率拉伸下的颈缩与断裂

采用Hopkinson拉伸实验装置和一种高速拉伸断裂实验新装置,对高导无氧铜(OFHC)杆件进行了一系列高应变率拉伸断裂试验.实验结果表明,局部化的断裂应变随拉伸速度增大并不明显增大,其断裂位置有随机性.存在一种临界拉伸速度,当冲击拉伸速度大于此值时,断裂即发生在冲击拉伸端附近,杆的其它部分几乎无应变.采用典型的Johnson-Cook本构关系,使用LS-DYNA程序进行一系列数值模拟,提出颈缩处直径收缩率达极值的颈缩失效判据,由此计算所得的局部化颈缩应变及断裂位置与试验回收结果有一定差别.     

基于应变测量的大跨度桥梁预应力损失的计算与分析

多座桥梁施工的监控结果表明,随着预应力索长度的增大,预应力张拉后所产生的反拱与理论计算值的偏离逐渐加大,预应力损失呈非线性增长。因此,如何正确估计预应力损失产生的主要原因和预应力损失率,对设计和施工都很有意义,目前这方面的研究中定量化描述的较少。本文基于肇庆西江大桥的应变监测结果和预应力索的布置图分析,指出预应力损失的一个重要因素是预应力索的弯角,并给出了预应力损失率与预应力索弯角之间的拟合经验公式,这为工程上预应力损失的准确估算提供了一种新的参考方法。     

On local buckling of thin shells

A class of problems is considered where the buckling initially starts only in a part of the shell—locally. The stability analysis is focused on the zone of initial buckling. This leads to radical simplification. First the basic hypothesis and stability equations are formulated. Closed-form stability criteria asymptotically exact for very thin shells are discussed. This gives sufficient conditions for the local character of buckling and for the adequacy of the asymptotic approximation. The analysis taking into account the variation of stresses and shape inside the buckling zone results in a check of stability by hand calculations or by simple coding of a desk-top computer. The adequacy of the simplest representation of the stress and strain variation in the buckling zone is tested.     

Magnetoelastic buckling of a rectangular block in plane strain

Of interest here is the stability of a rectangular block subjected to a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. The two ends of the block are frictionless and kept parallel to each other. This boundary value problem is motivated by the classical problem of magnetoelastic buckling in which a cantilever beam subjected to a transverse magnetic field buckles when the applied field reaches a critical value.This work presents a finite strain continuum mechanics formulation of the stability problem of a homogeneous, compressible, magnetoelastic rectangular block in plane strain subjected to a uniform transverse magnetic field. The applied variational approach employs an unconstrained energy minimization recently proposed by the authors.The analytical solution for the critical buckling fields for both the antisymmetric and symmetric modes are obtained for three different constitutive laws. The corresponding result for thin beams is extracted asymptotically for a special material and the solution is compared to previously published results. The critical magnetic field is shown to increase monotonically with the block's aspect ratio for each material and mode type. Antisymmetric modes are always the critical buckling modes for stress saturated and neo-Hookean materials, except for a narrow range of moderate aspect ratios (about 0.25) where symmetric modes become critical. For strain-saturated solids no buckling is possible above a maximum aspect ratio.     

Bending and buckling of thin strain gradient elastic beams

Bending of strain gradient elastic thin beams is studied adopting Bernoulli-Euler principle. Simple linear strain gradient elastic theory with surface energy is employed. The governing beam equations with its boundary conditions are derived through a variational method. It turns out that new terms are introduced, indicating the importance of the cross-section area in bending of thin beams. Those terms are missing from the existing strain gradient beam theories. Those terms increase highly the stiffness of the thin beam. The buckling problem of the thin beams is also discussed.     

Observation and evaluation of local buckling by photoelastic-strip method

A photoelastic measuring element, consisting chiefly of a strip of resin observed parallel to the surface to which it is attached, has been used in the analysis of a local-buckling problem. This strip method allows the determination of bending and membrane strain components along surface trajectories without the effect of transverse sensitivity. The method of measurement was verified for a hingedend Euler column, and then utilized in the analysis of a previously unsolved problem of local buckling—that of a sheet in tension with a rectangular opening.     

Effects of local thickness defects on the buckling of micro-beam

A buckling model of Timoshenko micro-beam with local thickness defects is established based on a modified gradient elasticity. By introducing the local thickness defects function of the micro-beam, the variable coe-cient differential equations of the buckling problem are obtained with the variational principle. Combining the eigensolution series of the complete micro-beam with the Galerkin method, we obtain the critical load and buckling modes of the micro-beam with defects. The results show that the depth and location of the defect are the main factors affecting the critical load, and the combined effect of boundary conditions and defects can significantly change the buckling mode of the micro-beam. The effect of defect location on buckling is related to the axial gradient of the rotation angle, and defects should be avoided at the maximum axial gradient of the rotation angle. The model and method are also applicable to the static deformation and vibration of the micro-beam.     

A simple method for measuring local buckling of thin plates

A simple computer-interfaced optical system for measuring the dynamic-local-buckling deformation of thin-walled metal structural-plate elements is described in this paper with two sets of experimental results. The major advantage of this system is its simplicity and economy as well as its speedy automated process for data scanning, acquisition, and analyses by using a microcomputer.Paper was presented at the 1986 SEM Spring Conference on Experimental Mechanics held in New Orleans, LA on June 8–13.     

钢框架高等分析中考虑局部屈曲的子结构法

将相对自由度概念引入三维实体等参数单元,得到了16结点相对自由度壳元的插值表达式,并基于更新拉格朗日构型的虚位移原理推导了该壳单元的刚度矩阵。在单元刚度矩阵形成以后采用子结构法对内部结点自由度进行聚缩,根据薄壁构件相关假定并考虑截面翘曲因素的影响,通过边界结点的位移协调条件把壳单元组装成每端7个自由度的薄壁梁-柱单元参与整体分析,可以考虑板件局部屈曲的影响;突破了传统分析的紧凑型截面限制,并通过算例证明了本文方法的精确度和有效性。     

Analysis of dynamical buckling and post buckling for beams by finite segment method

IntroductionThe stability or dynamical buckling of structures is the parametrically exacted vibration ofstructures,and itis a nonlinear vibration problem[1].Dynamical stabilityof beams was studiedusing Galerkin variation method by Russian scholar,and B.B.…