基于大数值孔径环形光锥照明的超分辨光学 显微成像方法研究

提出和发展了一种基于大数值孔径环形光锥照明的远场超分辨光学显微成像新方法, 采用将发光二极管(LED)面光源、窄带滤光和环形光锥照明相结合的特种照明方式, 实现超分辨显微成像. 建立了大数值孔径环形光锥照明成像的物理模型, 根据标量衍射理论, 在不同环形光锥照明时, 推导出光学显微系统像面衍射斑光强分布的理论计算公式; 通过Matlab求解和绘图, 得到衍射斑光强的分布图样, 从理论上证明这一成像方法可以有效提高光学显微镜的分辨率; 建立了相应的显微成像系统, 通过实验验证了该方法可有效改善显微镜的成像质量, 显著提高分辨率; 在中心波长450 nm、环形光锥数值孔径1.125—1.25时, 实验获得的分辨率至少优于150 nm, 与理论研究结果相符合, 从而证明了这一方法的可行性.     

Schmidt棱镜偏振像差对成像质量的影响EI北大核心CSCD

为了分析Schmidt棱镜偏振像差在自然光成像系统中对成像质量的影响,以线偏振光矢量衍射光强分布为基础,利用两种非相干叠加积分模型,获得了自然光通过Schmidt棱镜后完全相同的衍射光强分布关系。通过这个关系式分析得知,自然光经过屋脊棱镜的偏振像差表现为衍射光斑的对称分裂。对分裂导致的像面中心亮度比、分辨率以及所提出的像面变形度等像质评价参数进行了分析计算。结果表明,Schmidt棱镜的成像质量受到其偏振像差的影响严重。Jones矩阵因子B作为棱镜的结构特性参数,影响并决定棱镜的成像质量。B因子的大小就是Schmidt棱镜偏振像差的大小。理论分析及实验结果均表明,B=0为校正Schmidt棱镜偏振像差的一个条件。     

关于部分偏振光能量传递和偏振态的光线椭圆分析方法

部分偏振光传播时的光强和偏振态变化情况比较复杂, 尤其是当大数值孔径成像时, 光束的偏振态还会影响成像质量. 本文提出一种用于分析部分偏振光能量传递和偏振态的光线椭圆方法, 采用光线椭圆叠加的办法来分析光束在各向同性的均匀介质中传输时能量和偏振态的变化情况, 同时直观性好, 计算量小. 论文最后, 对大数值孔径、 高像质的齐明透镜系统讨论了入射无偏振光的能量、 偏振态变化, 以及偏振效应问题. 结果表明, 大数值孔径使成像光束中TM偏振光强度相对增加, 影响成像对比度; 提高像方介质的折射率, 会改善此种偏振效应问题.     

高数值孔径聚焦三维光链的研究

通过设计衍射光学元件对入射矢量光进行调制，在高数值孔径聚焦系统焦点附近产生沿光轴方向的三维多点光俘获结构——光链.并针对不同的入射矢量偏振、聚焦透镜的数值孔径以及衍射光学元件结构，对光链性能的影响分别进行了系统的分析，实现对该独特光俘获结构的可控性研究. 关键词： 衍射光学元件 矢量光 光镊     

纳米分辨相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射显微成像

采用附加探测光声子耗尽法来实现超衍射极限相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射显微成像. 此方法引入一束环形分布的附加探测光来消耗点扩展函数周边的相干声子, 实现点扩展函数的改造, 从而达到超越衍射极限的空间分辨率. 为了获得更高的空间分辨率和更佳的相位匹配条件, 通常需采用高数值孔径物镜对抽运光、斯托克斯光和探测光进行聚焦, 此时标量衍射理论不再成立. 基于矢量衍射理论, 分析了线偏振光、圆偏振光先后经过螺旋相位片和高数值孔径物镜后的光强分布, 结果表明: 圆偏振光在高数值孔径物镜后焦平面的光强分布呈中心对称状, 较线偏振环形光更适合作为附加探测光. 此外, 采用全量子理论分析了附加探测光声子耗尽法. 结果表明: 当附加探测光与探测光强度比为80时, 成像系统的横向空间分辨率可以达到45 nm; 继续提高附加探测光强度, 空间分辨将进一步提高.     

非共轴四通道偏振成像方法研究

针对当前偏振成像方法的实时性不好、能量利用率低以及分辨率不高等问题，提出了一种非共轴四通道偏振成像方法。该方法通过4个通道采集不同偏振方向的图像来融合计算偏振度图像。数值仿真分析了影响系统偏振成像结果的通道间距、通道平行度和偏振片检偏角度误差，得出了满足偏振成像精度达到1%的系统参数容限。在实验研究方面，研制出了非共轴四通道的偏振成像系统，并对室外距离约为50 m的车辆进行了实验。实验证明了该系统可以有效地对目标进行偏振成像。     

轴对称矢量光束聚焦特性研究现状及其应用

轴对称矢量光束是一种空间非均匀偏振光束, 中心光强为零, 经物镜聚焦后能在焦点附近产生空间场分量. 在高变迹系数光学系统成像情况下, 与线偏光、圆偏光相比, 径向偏振光与光瞳滤波技术及图像复原技术结合, 能获得较小焦斑, 提高横向分辨力. 介绍了轴对称矢量光束的特性, 基于电偶极子辐射模型和矢量衍射理论研究了轴对称矢量光束经高数值孔径物镜聚焦后的特性, 系统介绍了基于轴对称矢量光束实现光斑紧聚焦的几种方法, 并简述了轴对称矢量光束在差动共焦超分辨成像领域的研究设想. 关键词： 差动共焦显微技术 紧聚焦 光瞳滤波 轴对称矢量光束     

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统波片相位延迟误差分析

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像仪具有实时性好、空间分辨率高、精度高等优点,有很高的应用价值.分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统利用偏振分束器、1/2波片和1/4波片将入射光Stokes矢量调制在4幅图像中,可解析入射光Stokes矢量. 1/2波片和1/4波片的相位延迟误差对Stokes矢量测量精度有着不可忽略的影响.建立了包含上述两种误差的Stokes矢量测量误差方程,分析了1/2波片和1/4波片相位延迟耦合误差对自然光、0°/45°线偏光、左旋圆偏光等典型基态入射光的Stokes矢量测量误差的影响,推导了任意偏振态的Stokes矢量测量误差的表征方法.在邦加球球面和球内选取不同偏振度的Stokes矢量作为入射光进行仿真.结果表明, Stokes矢量测量误差和偏振度测量误差均随着入射光偏振度的增大而增大.选取入射光偏振度为1时的偏振测量精度评估系统.为满足2%的偏振测量精度, 1/2波片相位延迟误差应在±1.6°内, 1/4波片相位延迟误差应在±0.5°内.这对提高系统的偏振测量精度具有重要意义,为系统设计和研制提供了重要的理论指导.     

强聚焦条件下连续位相板散斑特性的矢量分析

连续位相板(CPP)经过透镜聚焦后,在焦平面上形成一个散斑场,散斑场的统计性质决定了CPP的束匀滑特性。当使用大数值孔径透镜聚焦后,傍轴近似不再成立,因此分析CPP焦斑特性时标量衍射理论不再适用。采用Richard-Wolf矢量衍射理论对强聚焦条件下的CPP焦斑进行了计算,在此基础上分析了矢量焦斑场的统计特性,讨论了焦斑的轮廓。结果表明,由于非近轴的原因,矢量分析得到的焦斑尺寸略大,且通过矢量分析后能够得到z轴方向的光场分量。散斑场的振幅分布满足瑞利分布特性,强度分布满足负指数分布特性,且矢量合成方向的光强分布会略微偏离负指数分布特性。     

高质量等曲率物参光像面数字全息显微系统

对等曲率物参光像面数字全息显微成像系统进行研究,分析了光路配置方法,推导了系统的点扩散函数,并由此指出了决定系统成像分辨率的因素及系统的成像特点,最后讨论了再现像光场一次位相畸变校正的方法.结果表明,等曲率物参光像面数字全息具有最大的信息容量;该系统的成像分辨率取决于显微物镜的数值孔径和CCD的像元大小,与CCD的光敏面尺寸无关;物体各点中通过显微物镜的所有频率成分均能被系统完全记录与再现,样品被照亮区域的大小对记录条件和再现像质没有影响;等曲率物参光像面数字全息系统是一种优化的全息记录与再现系统,利用该系统可以实现高质量成像.实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.