Nb-X(X=Y,Zr)共掺杂SnO_2电子结构的第一性原理研究

本文采用第一性原理方法研究了Nb-X(X=Y,Zr)共掺杂SnO_2能带结构与态密度,探讨了其磁性产生的机理.研究结果表明,Nb-Y共掺杂SnO_2体系自旋向上和自旋向下的能带、态密度完全对称,总磁矩为0μB;Nb-Zr共掺杂的SnO_2体系自旋向上和自旋向下的能带与态密度在费米能级处都出现了不对称的情况,出现耦合现象,其总磁矩为0.933μB;分析Nb-Y共掺杂SnO_2的能带结构与态密度得到自旋向上和自旋向下的能带禁带中的4条杂质能级来源于Nb-Y共掺杂SnO_2电子的施主与受主能级;NbZr共掺杂SnO_2体系产生磁性的原因在于Nb和Zr的d轨道的引入.     

Mg2Si:Fe 电子结构及磁性的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法研究了Mg_2Si:Fe体系的电子能带结构、态密度和磁性.结果表明:掺入的Fe原子优先占据晶格中的空隙位,也可能代替晶格中的Mg位.从能带结构和态密度可以看出,当Fe原子位于晶格中空隙位时,系统显示出金属性;当Fe占据Mg位置时,对于自旋向上电子态,体系有一带隙存在,系统呈现明显的半导体特性;对于自旋向下电子态,Fe的替位掺杂在该体系内引入新的杂质能级,杂质能级与导带价带分离,且100%自旋极化.两种位置的杂质,上自旋电子和下自旋电子的态密度均明显不对称,诱导出铁磁性,且铁磁性主要由于Fe的3d态电子诱导产生.Fe位于空隙位时,Fe原子的磁矩为1.69μB;Fe占据Mg位时,Fe原子的磁矩为1.38μB,说明原子磁矩与其所占位置和配位情况有关.     

氧、硫掺杂六方氮化硼单层的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论和投影缀加平面波的第一性原理计算方法, 研究了六方氮化硼单层(h-BN)中的氮原子缺陷(V_N)、氧原子取代氮原子(O_N)和硫原子取代氮原子(S_N)时的几何结构、磁性性质和电子结构.研究发现, V_N和O_N体系形变较小, 而S_N体系形变较大; h-BN本身无磁矩, 但具有N缺陷或者掺杂后总磁矩都是1 μ_B; 同时给出了态密度和能带结构.利用掺杂体系的局域对称性和分子轨道理论解释了相关结果, 尤其是杂质能级和磁矩的产生. 关键词： 六方BN单层 第一性原理计算 密度泛函理论 分子轨道理论     

空位缺陷及Mg替位对纤锌矿(Ga,Mn)N电子结构和磁光性能的影响

采用自旋密度泛函理论框架下的广义梯度近似(GGA+U)平面波超软赝势方法,构建了未掺杂纤锌矿GaN超胞、三种不同有序占位Mn双掺GaN,(Mn,Mg)共掺杂GaN以及存在空位缺陷的Mn掺杂GaN超胞模型,分别对所有模型的能带结构、电子态密度、能量以及光学性质进行了计算.计算结果表明:与纯的GaN相比,Mn掺杂GaN体系的体积略有增大,掺杂体系居里温度能够达到室温以上;随着双掺杂Mn-Mn间距的增大,体系总能量和形成能升高、稳定性下降、掺杂越难;(Mn,Mg)共掺杂并不能有效增大掺杂体系磁矩,也不能达到提高掺杂体系居里温度的作用;Ga空位缺陷和N空位缺陷的存在不利于Mn掺杂GaN形成稳定的铁磁有序.此外,Mn离子的掺入在费米能级附近引入自旋极化杂质带,正是由于费米能级附近自旋极化杂质带中不同电子态间的跃迁,介电函数虚部在0.6868eV附近、光吸收谱在1.25eV附近分别出现了一个较强的新峰.     

碱土金属X（X=Be，Mg，Ca和Sr）掺杂二维SnS2材料的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究赝势平面波方法,计算了碱土金属X(X=Be, Mg, Ca和Sr)掺杂二维单层SnS₂的电子结构、磁学性质和光学性质.结果表明：S-rich条件下的体系相较于Sn-rich更稳定,能带结构表明：在Be掺杂后,SnS₂体系从自旋向上通道和自旋向下通道完全对称的非磁性半导体转变为具有1.999μ_B磁矩的磁性半导体.在Mg掺杂后,体系转变为非磁性P型半导体;Ca和Sr两种掺杂体系由于极化程度的不同,导致在下自旋通道的能带穿过费米能级,而在上自旋通道的能带并未穿过费米能级,呈现出磁矩分别为1.973、2.000μ_B的半金属特性.同时发现X(X=Be, Mg, Ca和Sr)掺杂后,掺杂体系实部静态介电常数大幅度增加,掺杂后的SnS₂体系的极化能力增强,虚部数值在低能区明显变大,更适用于长波长光电器. Be, Mg, Ca和Sr掺杂不仅导致吸收边红移,而且提高了红外光区域的有效利用率.     

5d过渡金属原子掺杂六方氮化铝单层的磁性及自旋轨道耦合效应:可能存在的二维长程磁有序

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,研究了5d过渡金属原子(Hf,Ta,W,Re,Os,Ir,Pt,Au和Hg)取代六方氮化铝单层中的Al原子的几何结构、电子结构、磁性性质、铁磁态与反铁磁态能量差(EFM-EAFM)以及自旋轨道耦合效应导致的磁各向异性.研究发现Hg掺杂的体系中,5d金属原子和最邻近的N原子的键长最大,平均值为2.093?,之后依次是Au,Hf,Pt,Ta和Ir.态密度结果显示掺杂体系的禁带中出现明显的杂质能级,给出了掺杂体系的总磁矩以及自旋密度的分布.对于EFM-EAFM,Hf,Re,Pt和Au四种原子的掺杂在4×8超胞中到达最大值,分别为-187.2563,286.2320,-48.0637和-61.7889 meV.磁各向异性结果中,Re掺杂的磁各向异性最大,达到11.622 meV.结合以上结果,我们预测5d过渡金属原子掺杂六方氮化铝单层可能存在二维长程磁有序.     

过渡金属原子X(X=Mn,Tc,Re)掺杂二维WS2第一性原理研究

二维材料由于具有独特的电子结构和量子效应、丰富的可调控特性而受到凝聚态物理和材料科学的广泛关注,其中通过过渡金属掺杂二维WS2形成的半金属铁磁性材料在自旋电子学领域中发挥着重要的作用.采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法计算了过渡金属原子X (X=Mn, Tc, Re)掺杂二维WS~2的电子结构、磁性和光学性质.研究表明:被过渡金属原子X掺杂的WS~2体系在S-rich条件下比在W-rich条件下更稳定.在Mn掺杂后,自旋向上通道中出现杂质能级,导致WS~2体系从自旋向上和自旋向下态密度完全对称的非磁性半导体转变为磁矩1.001μB的铁磁性半金属.在Tc, Re掺杂后,体系均转变为非磁性N型半导体.所有掺杂体系杂质态均发生自旋劈裂现象,且自旋劈裂程度逐渐减小.同时发现Mn, Tc, Re掺杂后,表现出优异的光学性质,它们的介电常数和折射系数与未掺杂WS~2的体系相比明显增强,吸收系数在低能量区域(0—2.0 eV)均出现红移现象.     

过渡金属元素X（X=Mo，Tc，Ru）掺杂单层GaS的第一性原理研究

近年来,二维GaS由于其优异的性质引起了科研人员的关注.基于密度泛函理论计算了过渡金属元素X(X=Mo, Tc, Ru)掺杂单层二维GaS的电子结构、磁性性质及光学性质.计算结果表明：单层GaS材料为间接带隙的非磁性半导体,在对S位点进行替位式掺杂后,Ga-rich和S-rich条件的形成能均为正数,导致过渡金属元素Mo、Tc和Ru不能自发地进入进入单层GaS材料中.所有掺杂体系都引入了杂质能级,杂质能级主要由掺杂原子的4d轨道贡献.掺杂后所有体系的带隙都有所减小,上自旋和下自旋的能带结构不再对称,使得Mo掺杂体系呈现半金属铁磁性,Tc和Ru掺杂体系呈磁性半导体特性,Mo、Tc和Ru掺杂后的总磁矩分别为4μ_B, 3μ_B和2μ_B,磁矩主要由掺杂原子的局域磁矩产生.掺杂后单层GaS的静介电常数得到提高,吸收谱出现红移,在可见光区和近红外区的吸收系数变大,对可见光的利用率增强.     

非金属N和过渡金属(Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd)掺杂SnO2磁性的第一性原理研究

本文基于第一性原理方法,对非金属元素(N)与过渡金属元素(Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd)掺杂SnO₂的电子结构和磁学性质进行计算分析.结果表明：形成能与过渡金属原子半径密切相关,随着过渡金属原子半径的增加,形成能在降低,其中N-Mo掺杂体系形成能最低,故该体系最容易掺杂形成;能带结构分析表明,由于掺杂体系自旋向上/向下杂质能级的数量和分布均不对称,掺杂体系均有磁性产生;进一步探究态密度可知,体系产生磁性的原因是过渡金属原子和N原子之间产生p-d轨道杂化,最外层电子轨道上的空位及单电子相互耦合所导致.结果表明,由于掺杂原子的引入,SnO₂体系产生磁性,并且掺杂体系呈现亚铁磁性,其中N-Rh掺杂体系的磁性最好,其磁矩为1.88μB,有望成为良好的稀磁半导体材料.     

C-Nb共掺杂SnO_2电子结构的第一性原理研究

本文利用第一性原理研究了C-Nb共掺杂的SnO_2稳定性、能带结构与态密度,从自旋向上和自旋向下的能带结构以及态密度分析了掺杂体系磁性产生的机理.研究结果表明,C-Nb共掺杂SnO_2体系的稳定性强于C,Nb单掺杂SnO_2体系;C,Nb单掺杂、C-Nb共掺杂的SnO_2体系的总磁矩分别为0μB、0.922μB、1.0μB;Nb掺杂SnO_2体系产生磁性在于Nb的d轨道引入,C-Nb共掺杂SnO_2体系产生磁性在于Nb的s轨道和C的p轨道相互作用.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.