A Walk Around Gda��sk for Physicists

I provide a guide to Gdańsk (Danzig) and some of its suburbs, focusing on sites of particular interest to physicists. These include the Town Hall with the old Gdańsk standards of length at its entrance, the solar dial of 1588 on its corner, and its bell tower; the Naturalists Society; the medieval harbor crane; the medieval astronomical clock in St. Mary’s Church; the late nineteenth-century lighthouse and time ball; and sites associated with Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543), Johannes Hevelius (1611–1687), Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), and Daniel Gralath (1708–1767). I also comment on the history of and physical research being carried out today at the Technical University of Gdańsk and the University of Gdańsk.     

Morse Theory and Infinite Families¶of Harmonic Maps Between Spheres

Existence of an infinite sequence of harmonic maps between spheres of certain dimensions was proven by Bizoń and Chmaj. This sequence shares many features of the Bartnik–McKinnon sequence of solutions to the Einstein–Yang–Mills equations as well as sequences of solutions that have arisen in other physical models. We apply Morse theoretic methods to prove existence of the harmonic map sequence and to prove certain index and convergence properties of this sequence. In addition, we generalize the result of Bizoń and Chmaj to produce infinite sequences of harmonic maps not previously known. The key features “responsible” for the existence and properties of the sequence are thereby seen to be the presence of a reflection (ℤ₂) symmetry and the existence of a singular harmonic map of infinite index which is invariant under this symmetry. Received: 10 December 1999 / Accepted: 7 July 2000     

Mobility and non-separability

A mobility phenomenon is typical for a large class of non-linear evolutions. It is shown that the mobility can be responsible for a malignant form of quantum mechanical non separability of two correlated systems. An explicit example based on Weinberg's non linear quantum mechanics is considered. We show that in such a theory a transfer of information without a transfer of energy is possible and discuss physical roots of this phenomenon. In Polchinski's approach this effect is not present.1 Permanent address: Laboratory of Dielectrics and Organic Semiconductors, Technical University of Gdask, Gdask, Poland.     

Unsteady-state methods of investigation of the heterogeneous chemiluminescence of phosphor crystals

Priazovskii State Technical University, Pereulok Respubliki 7, Mariupol 341000, Ukraine. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 210–214, May–June, 1995.     

Thin-film electroluminescent emitters based on calcium sulfide doped with cerium

Stavropol' State Technical University, 2 Kulakov Av., Stavropol', 355000. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 178–181, May–June, 1995.     

Determination of quasi-elastic coefficients of intermolecular interaction in associates of fatty acids and their perfluorine derivatives

Kuzbass State Technical University, 28 Vesennyaya Str., Kemerovo, 650026, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 6, pp. 58–61, November–December, 1995.     

Thermal conductivity of ozone-safe C10M1 refrigerant in liquid and gaseous phases

Thermal conductivity of ozone-safe refrigerant C10M1 in liquid (303.9–342.4 K, 1.23–4.257 MPa) and gaseous (324–398.15 K; 0.672–2.107 MPa) states was studied by the methods of high-frequency thermal waves and coaxial cylinders. The estimated measurement errors for the temperature, pressure, and thermal conductivity are ±0.02 K, ±1.5 kPa, and ±1.5–2.5 %, correspondingly. Approximation dependencies for thermal conductivity were obtained over the studied range of temperatures and pressures as well as on the dew and bubble lines. It is shown that thermal conductivity in the liquid state is additive relative to mass concentrations of components. The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 04-02-16355).     

Properties of zinc sulfide luminophores in thin-film structures

Ul'yanovsk State Technical University, 32, Severnyi Venets St., Ul'yanovsk, 432027, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 182–185, May–June, 1995.     

Structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of solid solutions of the chromium telluride-manganese telluride system

The conditions for synthesis of solid solutions in the quasibinary CrTe-MnTe system are analyzed. A study is made of the effect of cation substitution on the properties of the synthesized solid solutions in measurements of magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductivity, and the Seebeck coefficient at temperatures of 80–750 K. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 320–324 (February 1997)     

Hamilton-Jacobi formulation of the Harada gauged Floreanini-Jackiw action

We study the front-form Harada gauged Floreanini-Jackiw action and its BRST-anti-BRST symmetry within Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. Presented at the 11th Colloquium “Quantum Groups and Integrable Systems”, Prague, 20–22 June 2002. This paper is partially supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey.     

Compensation of the active-medium dispersion in a semiconductor laser with an external resonator

Measurements of the dispersion parameter (the second derivative of the wave vector with respect to the frequency) of the active waveguide layer of semiconductor lasers operating in the red region of the spectrum (0.65–0.67 μm) were performed. It was revealed that for these lasers the dispersion parameter has a value of (0.13–1.40)·10⁻²⁵ sec²/cm. It is shown that the dispersion of the active medium of a semiconductor laser with an external resonator can be compensated by inserting a quartz-glass rod into the resonator. Reported at the Second International Scientific and Technical Conference on Quantum Electronics, Minsk, November 23–25, 1998. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskoii, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 707–710, September–October, 1999.     

Intermolecular interactions in acetonitrile in a liquid and in a low-temperature argon matrix

IR spectra of acetonitrile embedded in an argon matrix and in a liquid are recorded. IR spectra of specimens obtained with different concentrations of acetonitrile in argon are analyzed. The spectral region of C≡N vibrations of 2200–2300 cm⁻¹ with bands of monomers and possible associates is investigated. Overlap with the band of a hot transition on the low-frequency side is responsible for the pronounced asymmetry of the band ν(C≡N). To whom correspondence should be addressed. St. Petersburg State Institute of Precision Mechanics and Optics (Technical University), 14, Sablinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 627–631, September–October, 1999.     

Orientational magnetoelastic relaxation in crystals with hexagonal symmetry

The anisotropy of the absorption of transverse elastic waves in uniaxial magnetic materials, connected with the deviations of the vectors of spontaneous magnetization from the “easy” directions, is described. Kursk State Technical University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 55–59, March, 1998.     

Dimensions of the layers of positive space charge in a high-frequency discharge

Based on investigating the spatial distribution of the radiation intensity in molecular bands of nitrogen ions the authors determined the widths of the layers of positive space charge in mixtures of molecular gases in transverse HF excitation. It is shown that contrary to predictions of the elementary theory these widths depend relatively weakly on the excitation frequency and the gas pressure. Reported at the Second International Scientific and Technical Conference on Quantum Electronics, Minsk, November 23–25, 1998. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 715–718, September–October, 1999.     

Adaptive Correction of a High-Power Titanium-Sapphire Laser Radiation

An adaptive optical closed-loop feedback system based on a phase-conjugation algorithm has been developed and investigated. It includes a deformable bimorph mirror and a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. This system was used to improve the radiation focusing in an ultrashort-pulse laser designed for basic research in the field of high-energy physics. With the indicated system, the power density of 10-TW radiation pulses in the focal plane of a Ti:Al₂O₃ laser reached 4 ⋅ 10¹⁹ W/cm². Report at the Fifth International Scientific and Technical Conference “Quantum Electronics,” November 22–25, 2004, Minsk, Belarus. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 678–683, September–October, 2005.     

Effects of energy-spectrum broadening in alloyed semiconductor superlattices

The density of energy states is calculated for alloyed semiconductor superlattices for different excitation levels with cllowance for the effects of screening and fluctuations of impurity concentrations. The influence of the state density tails on spontaneous-emission spectra is investigated for cross-over transitions and in a model without a selection rule for the electron wave vector. Account for the state density tails allows one to describe the longwave wing and shape of spontaneous-emission spectra in accordance with experimental data. Reported at the Second International Scientific and Technical Conference on Quantum Electronics, Minsk, November 23–25, 1998. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 711–715, September–October, 1999.     

A Symplectic Generalization of the Peradzyński Helicity Theorem and Some Applications

Symplectic and symmetry analysis for studying MHD superfluid flows is devised, a new version of the Z. Peradzyński (Int. J. Theor. Phys. 29(11):1277–1284, [1990]) helicity theorem based on differential-geometric and group-theoretical methods is derived. Having reanalyzed the Peradzyński helicity theorem within the modern symplectic theory of differential-geometric structures on manifolds, a new unified proof and a new generalization of this theorem for the case of compressible MHD superfluid flow are proposed. As a by-product, a sequence of nontrivial helicity type local and global conservation laws for the case of incompressible superfluid flow, playing a crucial role for studying the stability problem under suitable boundary conditions, is constructed.     

Application of reflection-absorption spectroscopy to quaternary solid solutions

In the present work the author describes a method for investigating phonon spectra of thin films of semiconductor solid solutions that is based on reflection-absorption spectroscopy in the far IR region. Analysis of spectra is carried out for two radiation polarizations (of the s- and p-type) and for the following experimental conditions: the spectral region 30–250 cm⁻¹ and an angle of incidence of 45°. By comparing theoretical and experimental spectra for quaternary solid solutions of Zn_xCd_yHg_1−x−yTe (ZCMT), the frequencies of LO- and TO-phonons are found and the three-mode behavior of the phonon spectra of ZCMT is established. Reported at the Second International Scientific and Technical Conference on Quantum Electronics, Minsk, November 23–25, 1998. Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University, 16A, Reitan Str., Rzeszów, 35–310, Poland. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 669–671, September–October, 1999.     

Tuning characteristics of asymmetric inhomogeneously pumped quantum-well lasers

An analysis of the power-current and tuning characteristics of asymmetric multiple-layer inhomogeneously pumped quantum-well lasers with mode selection in the external resonator was performed. It is shown that the choice of the parameters of the barrier and active layers of the laser heterostructure and optimization of the dispersion characteristics of the selective element of the external resonator make it possible to realize continuous tuning of the lasing wavelength in a wide spectral range at a practically constant output radiation power. Reported at the Second International Scientific and Technical Conference on Quantum Electronics, Minsk, November 23–25, 1998. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 687–692, September–October, 1999.     

Compensating for birefringence in cylindrical active elements of solid-body lasers

We discuss a new method of compensation of thermally induced birefringence in cylindrical active elements of solid-body lasers; the method is based on the simultaneous use of two active elements with sign-opposite temperature gradients in the transverse direction. Basic features of the method are shown and schemes of its practical implementation are considered. To whom correspondence should be addressed. D. F. Ustinov Baltika State Technical University “VOENMEKH”, 1, 1st Krasnoarmeiskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 198005, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 573–577, July–August, 1999.