Shell Effect of Superheavy Nuclei in Self-consistent Mean-Field Models

We analyze in detail the numerical results of superheavy nuclei in deformed relativistic mean-field model and deformed Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model. The common points and differences of both models are systematically compared and discussed. Their consequences on the stability of superheavy nuclei are explored and explained. The theoreticalresults are compared with new data of superheavy nuclei from GSI and from Dubna and reasonable agreement is reached.Nuclear shell effect in superheavy region is analyzed and discussed. The spherical shell effect disappears in some cases due to the appearance of deformation or superdeformation in the ground states of nuclei, where valence nucleons occupysignificantly the intruder levels of nuclei. It is shown for the first time that the significant occupation of vaJence nucleons on the intruder states plays an important role for the ground state properties of superheavy nuclei. Nuclei are stable in the deformed or superdeformed configurations. We further point out that one cannot obtain the octupole deformation of even-even nuclei in the present relativistic mean-field model with the σ,ω and ρ mesons because there is no parityviolating interaction and the conservation of parity of even-even nuclei is a basic assumption of the present relativistic mean-field model.     

Particle-hole bound states of dipolar molecules in an optical lattice

We investigate the particle-hole pair excitations of dipolar molecules in an optical lattice, which can be described with an extended Bose-Hubbard model. For strong enough dipole-dipole interaction, the particle-hole pair excitations can form bound states in one and two dimensions. With decreasing dipole-dipole interaction, the energies of the bound states increase and merge into the particle-hole continuous spectrum gradually. The existence regions, the energy spectra and the wave functions of the bound states are carefully studied and the symmetries of the bound states are analyzed with group theory. For a given dipole-dipole interaction, the number of bound states varies in momentum space and a number distribution of the bound states is illustrated. We also discuss how to observe these bound states in future experiments.     

Study of Σ~*-Δ Interactions

We study the Σ~*-Δ interaction in the chiral SU(3) quark model and in the extended chiral SU(3) quark model.In these two models,the short-range interaction mechanism are totally different,one is from the one-gluon exchange and another is from the vector meson exchange.The possible reasons of forming strangeness-1 bound states are given.Comparisons between the cases with and without quark exchange effect are made.The results show the quark exchange effect does give attractions to (Σ~*Δ)_(ST)=0 5/2 and (Σ~*Δ)_(ST)=3 1/2 systems,which means the special symmetry is important.Also,we make some analysis on chiral field effect,our results show that the σ exchange dominantly provides the attractive interaction for these two states.     

Correlated fluctuations of electron populations in high temperature plasmas

This paper presents a model for a simple treatment of the fluctuations of electron bound states populations in equilibrium plasmas at high temperature. Fluctuations in the various states are correlated by matrix elements of the Coulomb interaction. The model imposes to recover the average occupation numbers given by usual Average Atom (AA) calculations. The additional numerical work consists only in a matrix inversion. Examples of application are shown (calculation of correlation factors, fluctuations of the total bound charges of the ions), and comparison with other published results is made.     

Metastable domain wall dynamics in magnetic nanowires

We study the formation and control of metastable states of pairs of domain walls in cylindrical nanowires of small diameter where the transverse walls are the lower energy state. We show that these pairs form bound states under certain conditions, with a lifetime as long as 200 ns, and are stabilized by the influence of a spin polarized current. Their stability is analyzed with a model based on the magnetostatic interaction and by 3D micromagnetic simulations. The apparition of bound states could hinder the operation of devices.     

A simple model of superheavy nuclei

I present a simple algebraic model of superheavy and superdeformed nuclei, produced through heavy-ion collisions, based on a microscopic evaluation of the effective boson numbers in the actinide and superheavy regions. The relevant calculations have been performed within the framework of a deformed shell model, including the pairing interaction between like-particles. As far as the actinide isotopes are concerned, the theoretical boson numbers are compared with the corresponding empirical estimates, obtaining a good agreement. The calculated boson numbers are used to predict collective spectra and electromagnetic transition intensities for actinide — including fission isomers — and superheavy nuclei, by using the interacting boson model (IBM).     

Third-order dispersion and bound states of pulses in a fiber laser

The effect of third-order dispersion on bound states of pulses in the anomalous-dispersion fiber ring laser is analyzed experimentally and numerically. The bound states are formed by an interaction through dispersive waves. Due to third-order dispersion, the resonant sideband spectrum is asymmetric. The most intense sideband drives the interaction in these bound states and fixes their separation to a discrete set of values.     

Calculation of decay half-lives for superheavy elements using the double folding model

α decay half-lives of some new synthesized superheavy elements, possibly synthesized superheavy elements and decay products are calculated theoretically within the WKB approximation by using microscopic m-nucleus interaction potentials. These nuclear potentials between the α particle and daughter nuclei are obtained by using the double folding integral of the matter density distribution of the α particle and daughter nuclei with a density-dependent effective nucleon-nucleon interaction, in which the zero-range exchange term is supplemented. The calculated α decay half-lives are compared with those of the different models and experimental data. It is shown that the present calculation successfully provides the half-lives of the observed αdecays for some new superheavy elements and therefore gives reliable predictions for α decay of possibly synthesized superheavy elements in future experiments.     

Effect of properties of superheavy nuclei on their production and decay

Properties and stability of superheavy nuclei resulting from hot fusion are discussed. It is shown that the microscopic–macroscopic approach allows obtaining the closed proton shell at Z ≥ 120. Isotopic trends of K-isomeric states in superheavy nuclei are predicted. Evaporation residue cross sections in hot fusion reactions are calculated using the predicted properties of superheavy nuclei. Interruption of α decay chains by spontaneous fission is analyzed. Alpha decay chains through isomeric states are considered. Internal level densities in superheavy nuclei are microscopically calculated.     

奇Z超重核的禁戒α衰变(英文)

采用密度依赖的结团模型研究了奇Z 超重核的禁戒α衰变, 粒子与子核之间的微观核势通过双折叠模型对M3Y 核子-核子相互作用势以及 粒子与子核的密度积分给出。 粒子与子核之间的库仑相互作用也通过 粒子与子核的电荷密度积分给出。计算发现,由于非零角动量带来的禁戒效应和小的α粒子预形成几率,奇Z 超重核的α衰变寿命会明显变长。We investigate the α-transition of odd-Z superheavy nuclei by the density-dependent cluster model (DDCM). The microscopic nuclear potential between the -particle and the daughter nucleus is evaluated numerically from the double-folding model with the standard M3Y nucleon-nucleon interaction. The Coulomb potential is also obtained from the double-folding integral of the proton-proton Coulomb interaction with the charge density distributions of α-particle and daughter nucleus. From our calculations, enhanced stability againstα-decays is found for the odd-Z superheavy nuclei due to the hindrance effect of non-zero angular momentum and the small preformation factor of the -particle.     

Propagators for Scalar Bound States at Finite Temperature in an NJL Model

We re-examine physical causal propagators for scalar and pseudoscalar bound states at finite temperaturein a chiral Ut(1) x UR(1) NJL model, defined by four-point amputated fimctions subtracted through the gap equation,and prove that they are completely equivalent in the imaginary-time and real-time formalisms by separating carefiullythe imaginary part of the zero-temperature loop integral. It is shown that the same thermal transformation matrix ofthe matrix propagators for these bound states in the real-time formalism is precisely the one of the matrix propagatorfor an elementary scalar particle and this fact shows the similarity of thermodynamic property between a composite andelementary scalar particle. The retarded and advanced propagators for these bound states are also given explicitly fromthe imaginary-time formalism.     

Relativistic symmetry of position-dependent mass particle in Coulomb field including tensor interaction

The spatially-dependent mass Dirac equation is solved exactly for attractive scalar and repulsive vector Coulomb potentials including a tensor interaction under the spin and pseudospin symmetric limit. Closed forms of the energy eigenvalue equation and wave functions are obtained for arbitrary spin-orbit quantum number κ. Some numerical results are given too. The effect of the tensor interaction on the bound states is presented. It is shown that the tensor interaction removes the degeneracy between two states in the spin doublets. We also investigate the effects of the spatially-dependent mass on the bound states under the conditions of the spin symmetric limit in the absence of tensor interaction.     

Entrance-channel potentials in synthesis of the heaviest nuclei, muon catalysis of superheavy element formation

Entrance-channel potentials in nucleus-nucleus collisions, relevant for the synthesis of superheavy elements, are systematically studied within a semi-microscopic approach, where microscopic nuclear densities are used in semi-classical expressions of the energy-density functional. The existence of pockets in the entrance-channel potentials is crucial for heavy-ion fusion. It is shown that a muon bound with the light projectile induces the production of superheavy elements in nucleus-nucleus collisions.     

Binding energies of even-even superheavy nuclei

The structure of the even-even superheavy nuclei with the proton number Z=98–110 is studied using the self-consistent relativistic mean-field theory. The calculated binding energies are in good agreement with the available experimental ones. An upper limit and a lower limit on the binding energies are set by the calculations. This is useful for future calculations of properties of superheavy nuclei and for the experimental synthesis of superheavy nuclei. The energy surface of some relevant superheavy nuclei is also given and it confirms the correctness of the calculations.     

Modelling of Bound States of Dirac Particles in Singular Background in Framework of Symanzik Approach

The problem of interaction of the fields of quantum electrodynamic with material macro-object is considered by employing the Symanzik approach on modelling the interaction of quantum field with space-time inhomogeneities. Results obtained in the models with Chern–Simons interaction of photon field with 2-dimensional material are briefly reviewed. In the model of interaction of spinor field with homogeneous isotropic material plane constructed in framework of Symanzik approach, the bound states are considered. For localized near plane Dirac particle the dispersion relation and the expressions for current, charge and density are analyzed. The bound states with massless dispersion law is considered. The presented methods of modelling can find application to a wide class of phenomena emerging from the interaction of quantum fields with extended material structures.     

Microscopic transport theory of heavy-ion collisions

Transport equations of the Fokker-Planck type are derived from a master equation for deeply inelastic collisions. Using the method of spectral distributions, the transport coefficients are calculated for symmetric fragmentations. Analytic formulas are given for the memory time, for the energy-drift coefficient and for the diffusion coefficients which correspond to the excitation of the fragments and the transfer of nucleons. These expressions contain parameters of the basic interaction matrix elements only, which describe excitations and transfers. Agreement with experimental data is obtained for reasonable values of these interaction parameters. Production cross-sections are predicted for superheavy nuclei in the deeply inelastic collisions U+U and U+Cf.     

Two magnetic impurities with arbitrary spins in open boundary t-J model

From the open boundary t-J model an impurity model is constructed in which magnetic impurities of arbitrary spins are coupled to the edges of the strongly correlated electron system. The boundary R matrices are given explicitly. The interaction parameters between magnetic impurities and electrons are related to the potentials of the impurities to preserve the integrability of the system. The Hamiltonian of the impurity model is diagonalized exactly. The integral equations of the ground state are derived and the ground state properties are discussed in detail. We discuss also the string solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations, which describe the bound states of the charges and spins. By minimizing the thermodynamic potential we get the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations. The finite size correction of the free energy contributed by the magnetic impurities is obtained explicitly. The properties of the system at some special limits are discussed and the boundary bound states are obtained.