Surface phase transition in H/W(110) induced by tuning the fermi surface nesting vector by hydrogen loading

At a hydrogen coverage of one monolayer, W(110) is known to exhibit a Fermi nesting in its electronic surface states with a nesting vector q{N} of 0.9 A{-1} along [001]. Here we show that additional H adsorption allows a controlled tuning of q{N}. As q{N} approaches the commensurate value of 1.0 A{-1}, its signature in inelastic He-atom scattering becomes more pronounced, finally disappearing as a surface charge density wave (CDW) develops and the surface symmetry changes from c(2 x 2) to a p(8 x 2) superstructure. The gradual change in q{N} is attributed to an energetic shift of the spin-polarized electronic surface states that eventually form the surface CDW.     

Cyclotron Resonance in the Hidden-Order Phase of URu_{2}Si_{2}

We report the first observation of cyclotron resonance in the hidden-order phase of ultraclean URu_{2}Si_{2} crystals, which allows the full determination of angle-dependent electron-mass structure of the main Fermi-surface sheets. We find an anomalous splitting of the sharpest resonance line under in-plane magnetic-field rotation. This is most naturally explained by the domain formation, which breaks the fourfold rotational symmetry of the underlying tetragonal lattice. The results reveal the emergence of an in-plane mass anisotropy with hot spots along the [110] direction, which can account for the anisotropic in-plane magnetic susceptibility reported recently. This is consistent with the "nematic" Fermi liquid state, in which itinerant electrons have unidirectional correlations.     

Magnetotransport in simple metals. An exactly soluble model

The magnetoconductivity tensors of a metal with a weakly anisotropic Fermi surface are determined from analytic solutions to the Boltzmann equation without any restrictions on the magnitude of the cyclotron frequency compared to the collision rate. Results are given for both a two- and a three-dimensional model, the former being analytically simpler to handle. The Hall coefficient and magnetoresistance are obtained as functions of the magnetic field, and we show by explicit calculation how the thermoelectric coefficients at high magnetic fields are determined by the thermodynamic entropy.     

Relationship between the magnetic field distribution and attractive force of single-domain YBCO bulk under different field cooling processes

The levitation forces under different field cooling states were measured at 77K by changing the field cooling distance Z_{fc} between a YBCO bulk and a permanent magnet. It is found that the relationship between the absolute maximum attractive force (Z_{maf}) and the corresponding gap distance (Z_{maf}) to F_{maf} can be well described by exponential laws as a function of Z_{fc}, which allow us to predict these values according to Z_{fc}. It is also found that the distance between the Z_{0fa} (gap distance corresponding to the zero force) and Z_{maf} in the ascending process is a constant value, which is closely related to the constant reduction factor of the axial component of flux density along the axial line of the magnet if Z_{maf}-Z_{0fa} is a constant value. These results are very interesting for fundamental research and helpful in practical designing and applications.     

Fermi surface effect on intrinsic Lorenz number of Fermi liquids

We investigate a Fermi surface effect on the ideal Lorenz ratio of an anisotropic Fermi liquid caused by the onset of Umklapp scatterings. After discussing simple models by way of illustration, we present numerical results for transition metals, and indicate a material with a simple Fermi surface like sodium cobaltite as a possible candidate to observe the effect.     

Indication of charge-density-wave formation in Bi(111)

Photoemission spectroscopy of Bi(111) reveals a small hexagonal two-dimensional Fermi surface (FS) associated with an electron band centered in the surface Brillouin zone. Along the hexagon the Fermi momentum k(F) ranges from 0.053 to 0.061 A(-1). Temperature dependent valence band spectra show an anisotropic energy gap Delta near the Fermi level. We find a transition temperature of about 75 K. At 11 K, the gap is Delta=4 meV at the corner and Delta=7.5 meV at the side of the hexagon. Arguments based on susceptibility chi(--> q) calculations of a hexagonal FS are used to discuss an incommensurate charge-density-wave (CDW) formation associated with a q(CDW)=0.106 A(-1).     

Effect of Quantizing Magnetic Field on Cyclotron Energy and Cyclotron Effective Mass in Size Quantized Films with Non-Parabolic Energy Band

The Fermi energy, cyclotron energy and cyclotron effective mass of degenerate electron gas in a sizeoquantized semiconductor thin film with non-parabolic energy bands are studied. The influences of quantizing magnetic field on these quantities in two-band approximation of the Kane model are investigated. It is shown that the Fermi energy oscillates in a magnetic field. The period and positions of these oscillations are found as a function of film thickness and concentration of electrons. Cyclotron energy and cyclotron effective mass are investigated as a function of film thickness in detail The results obtained here are compared with experimental data on GaAs quantum wells.     

De Haas-van Alphen effect in rhodium

The de Haas-van Alphen effect has been used to study the extremal areas and effective cyclotron masses on all five sheets of the Fermi surface of rhodium for the magnetic field in a (110)-plane. The measured extremal areas are in good agreement with relativistic-augmented-plane-wave calculations. The resulting deviations correspond to energy shifts of the calculated bands not exceeding 4 mRy. Several extremal orbits on the fifth band Γ-centered electron sheet have been observed. The mass enhancement determined from the ratio between the calculated and measured effective cyclotron masses is found to vary substantially over the different sheets of the Fermi surface. A rather isotropie factor of 1.40 is obtained for the sixth band Γ-centered electron sheet. For the third and fourth band hole pockets we obtained enhancement factors in the region 0.9–1.4.     

On the cyclotron resonance at skipping orbits in electron liquid

The possibility of the surface cyclotron waves propagation in metals with noncylindrical Fermi surface, placed in a weak magnetic field, is shown in the degenerate electron liquid theory case. Connected with the Fermi liquid constantA the contribution of such waves in the surface impedance of metals is calculated.     

Transition from non-fermi liquid behavior to Landau–Fermi liquid behavior induced by magnetic fields

We show that a strongly correlated Fermi system with a fermion condensate which exhibits strong deviations from Landau–Fermi liquid behavior is driven into the Landau–Fermi liquid by applying a small magnetic field B at temperature T=0. This field-induced Landau–Fermi liquid behavior provides constancy of the Kadowaki–Woods ratio. A re-entrance into the strongly correlated regime is observed if the magnetic field B decreases to zero; the effective mass M* then diverges as \(M^* \propto {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\sqrt B }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt B }}\). At finite temperatures, the strongly correlated regime is restored at some temperature \(T^* \propto \sqrt B \). This behavior is of a general form and takes place in both three-dimensional and two-dimensional strongly correlated systems. We demonstrate that the observed \({1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\sqrt B }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt B }}\) divergence of the effective mass and other specific features of heavy-fermion metals are accounted for by our consideration.     

Low field Hall effect in potassium

The anisotropic electron relaxation time in K caused by the freezing out of Umklapp processes on certain areas of the Fermi surface is predicted to give a temperature-dependent component to the low-field Hall effect at low temperatures. A previous attempt to demonstrate this component was defeated by the unsuitability of the existing data which contain an overwhelming high-field contribution in the temperature range of interest. To provide more suitable data, we have measured the Hall effect of polycrystalline K as the conditions tend towards the low-field limit. It is shown how the results can be qualitatively interpreted in terms of a competition between this predicted Umklapp component and the high-field tendencies inherent in the galvano-magnetic effect.     

Fermi-surface reconstruction in CeRh1-xCoxIn5

The evolution of the Fermi surface of CeRh(1-x)CoxIn5 was studied as a function of Co concentration x via measurements of the de Haas-van Alphen effect. By measuring the angular dependence of quantum oscillation frequencies, we identify a Fermi-surface sheet with f-electron character which undergoes an abrupt change in topology as x is varied. Surprisingly, this reconstruction does not occur at the quantum critical concentration x(c), where antiferromagnetism is suppressed to T=0. Instead we establish that this sudden change occurs well below x(c), at the concentration x approximately 0.4, where long-range magnetic order alters its character and superconductivity appears. Across all concentrations, the cyclotron effective mass of this sheet does not diverge, suggesting that critical behavior is not exhibited equally on all parts of the Fermi surface.     

Muon anomaly and dark parity violation

The muon anomalous magnetic moment exhibits a 3.6σ discrepancy between experiment and theory. One explanation requires the existence of a light vector boson, Z_{d} (the dark Z), with mass 10-500?MeV that couples weakly to the electromagnetic current through kinetic mixing. Support for such a solution also comes from astrophysics conjectures regarding the utility of a U(1)_{d} gauge symmetry in the dark matter sector. In that scenario, we show that mass mixing between the Z_{d} and ordinary Z boson introduces a new source of "dark" parity violation, which is potentially observable in atomic and polarized electron scattering experiments. Restrictive bounds on the mixing (m_{Z_{d}}/m_{Z})δ are found from existing atomic parity violation results, δ^{2}<2×10^{-5}. Combined with future planned and proposed polarized electron scattering experiments, a sensitivity of δ^{2}～10^{-6} is expected to be reached, thereby complementing direct searches for the Z_{d} boson.     

An inhomogeneous dielectric as an anisotropic medium

These dielectrics are widely used at cm and mm wavelengths, and it is shown for fiberglass materials that these can behave as homogeneous anisotropic materials described by a dielectric-constant tensor {}, whose components are calculated. The calculations are tested against experiment.     

de Haas–van Alphen effect in strongly correlated electron systems

We present the Fermi surface properties in strongly correlated electron systems of rare earth and uranium compounds via de Haas–van Alphen experiments. The conduction electrons with large cyclotron effective masses over 100m₀ (m₀: rest mass of an electron) are detected in CeRu₂Si₂, CeCoIn₅ and UPt₃. These electrons move slowly in the crystal. The topology of the Fermi surface and the cyclotron mass are compared to those of energy band calculations.     

4 OPW calculations of the low-field galvanomagnetic coefficients for impurities in aluminium

Tabulated pseudopotentials are used to obtain the 4 OPW wave functions and Fermi surface of Al and the scattering potentials of Ge, Mg, Zn, and Ga impurities. The anisotropic relaxation time is calculated in Born approximation and iterating the Boltzmann equation for zero magnetic field. The coefficients of Hall effect, transverse and longitudinal magnetoresistance are described by Fermi surface integrals. Without adjusted parameters our numerical results agree surprisingly well with experiment.     

Study of the Fermi surface of ZrB12 using the de Haas-van Alphen effect

The de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect in the cluster superconductor ZrB12 was studied by magnetic torque measurements in magnetic fields up to 28 T at temperatures down to 0.07 K. The dHvA oscillations due to orbits from the neck sections and "cubic box" of the Fermi surface were detected. The dHvA frequencies as well as the cyclotron effective masses were calculated using the full-potential linear muffin-tin orbitals method within the generalized gradient approximation. A comparison of the experimental and calculated cyclotron mass shows unusually large electron-phonon interaction on the neck (lambdaep=0.95) and box (lambdaep=1.07) sections of the Fermi surface on the Brillouin zone boundaries.     

Dissipation and criticality in the lowest Landau level of graphene

The lowest Landau level of graphene is studied numerically by considering a tight-binding Hamiltonian with disorder. The Hall conductance sigma_{xy} and the longitudinal conductance sigma_{xx} are computed. We demonstrate that bond disorder can produce a plateaulike feature centered at nu=0, while the longitudinal conductance is nonzero in the same region, reflecting a band of extended states between +/-E_{c}, whose magnitude depends on the disorder strength. The critical exponent corresponding to the localization length at the edges of this band is found to be 2.47+/-0.04. When both bond disorder and a finite mass term exist the localization length exponent varies continuously between approximately 1.0 and approximately 7/3.     

Interplay between fermi surface topology and ordering in URu2Si2 revealed through abrupt hall coefficient changes in strong magnetic fields

Temperature- and field-dependent measurements of the Hall effect of pure and 4% Rh-doped URu2Si2 reveal low density (0.03 hole/U) high mobility carriers to be unique to the "hidden order" phase and consistent with an itinerant density-wave order parameter. The Fermi surface undergoes a series of abrupt changes as the magnetic field is increased. When combined with existing de Haas-van Alphen data, the Hall data expose a strong interplay between the stability of the "hidden order," the degree of polarization of the Fermi liquid, and the Fermi surface topology.