火焰原子吸收光谱法测定宜州桑叶中的微量元素

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了广西宜州市桑叶中的Mg、Mn、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ca、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni、Dr等11种元素。研究了测定不同元素的仪器最佳工作条件及合适的样品消化体系（即1＋1 HNO3体系）。测试结果表明：宜州桑叶中的Da和Mg含量最高,分别为10606.0mg/kg和9628.2mg/kg。其他微量元素含量大小顺序为：Mn〉Fe〉Zn〉Cr〉Ni〉Cu〉Co,Pb和Cd含量极低,均〈0.1mg/kg。宜州桑叶中的铁含量偏低,但铬含量却严重超标。综合考虑品种及土壤背景等因素,笔者提出了调整桑园布局,加强栽培管理,提高桑叶质量的一些建议和措施。     

红外光谱法检测生物大分子损伤的研究进展

红外光谱技术由于其灵敏度高和对样品的非破坏性等优点已成为研究生物大分子损伤的重要工具。蛋白质、脂质和核酸等受到损伤时,其红外光谱特征吸收峰的峰位、峰型和峰强会发生变化,这为检测生物大分子损伤并进一步揭示相关疾病的发生、发展及早期预防提供了依据。还综述了近年来使用红外光谱法检测生物大分子损伤的研究进展,介绍了利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱和傅里叶红外显微等技术在蛋白质二级结构、膜脂流动性和离子通透性以及药物对DNA的作用机制等领域的应用,以及相关的定性和定量分析方法进行了评述,提出了目前红外光谱分析技术中存在的问题,并对今后红外光谱在生物医学领域中的应用前景作了展望,指出疾病早期诊断、红外光谱联用以及定量分析技术等将成为红外光谱领域未来的研究热点。     

面源红外诱饵外场辐射性能测量精度控制措施

面源红外诱饵是对抗红外成像制导导弹的典型干扰手段,其红外辐射性能是决定面源红外诱饵反导作战效能发挥的重要技术指标。分析了红外热像仪外场测量面源红外诱饵红外辐射性能的误差因素,针对辐射标定、测量距离选取、目标像元选取以及大气衰减修正等关键环节,分别提出了标定和测量实施过程中提高测量精度的有效方法和改进措施,红外辐射测量精度由传统方法的9.8%～21.7%提高到5.4%～10.1%,为外场测量面源红外诱饵红外辐射性能提供有效手段。     

差示分光光度法测定桑叶总黄酮含量

以芦丁为观测指标,差示分光光度法测定桑叶总黄酮化合物的含量,以控制桑叶的品质。在420nm波长下,芦丁对照品在2.575-15.450μg/mL范围内,差示吸收值(△A)与浓度呈良好线性关系(r=0.9997),回归方程为△A=0.0055 0.03579C,平均加样回收率为102.64%,RSD为1.08%(n=6)。差示分光光度法具有操作简单、结果真实准确、重现性好等优点,可作为桑叶品质控制检测方法。     

安全距离和成像尺寸约束的超大视场红外系统车载应用关键参数论证

在现有车载辅助驾驶系统中,可见光成像系统难以有效应用于夜晚、雨、雾、霾等低照度不良天气。红外成像系统有效克服了上述不足,但传统车载红外系统存在视场角小、视野盲区大的缺点。研究了超大视场红外系统的车载辅助驾驶应用,提出了基于安全距离和成像尺寸联合约束的超大视场红外系统关键参数论证方法。通过分析等距投影成像规律,建立了超大视场红外系统车载应用的安全距离约束模型和成像尺寸约束模型,以极限速度对应的探测最近距离和二维Johnson准则约束下的“发现”最远距离来验证超大视场红外车载系统的可行性,计算了视场角等关键参数。经过理论论证和分析,超大视场红外车载系统的镜头焦距/像元尺寸范围需在[276.1 521.3]范围之内。通过开展系统试验,设计了水平视场角为140°的超大视场红外成像系统,满足了对人的发现距离大于130 m的要求,进而可用于车辆辅助驾驶。     

弹道导弹再入段地面红外探测仿真分析

为改善弹道导弹再入段地面红外探测效果,考虑导弹再入过程中气动加热、红外辐射的大气衰减以及背景辐射等因素,建立起弹道导弹再入段地面红外探测仿真分析模型,并估算分析了探测系统在不同状况下信噪比.分析结果表明:优选工作波段、增加系统口径及曝光时间、改善光学设计、选择晴朗无云天气观测等均有利于改进地面红外观测效果.     

弹道导弹再入段地面红外探测仿真分析

为改善弹道导弹再入段地面红外探测效果,考虑导弹再入过程中气动加热、红外辐射的大气衰减以及背景辐射等因素,建立起弹道导弹再入段地面红外探测仿真分析模型,并估算分析了探测系统在不同状况下信噪比.分析结果表明：优选工作波段、增加系统口径及曝光时间、改善光学设计、选择晴朗无云天气观测等均有利于改进地面红外观测效果.     

HPLC-ESI-MS和FTIR方法鉴别不同产地中药肉苁蓉的研究

采用HPLC-ESI-MS和傅里叶红外光谱法对五种不同产地中药肉苁蓉进行了分析,采用HPLC-ESI-MS检测了中药肉苁蓉中荒漠肉苁蓉苷A、松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷、2’-乙酰基毛蕊花糖苷、荒漠肉苁蓉苷C、管花苷B七种有效成分的含量。采用傅里叶红外光谱法,以五种药用植物样品的红外指纹图谱为依据,计算出所测样品的共有峰率和变异峰率。建立了五种药用植物的共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列。结果显示两种方法对药材评价结果基本一致。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法亦可区分肉苁蓉的常见伪品锁阳。HPLC-ESI-MS具有高通量、高灵敏度、分析快速等优点,可以通过主要化学成分含量的测定对肉苁蓉进行质量评价。傅里叶红外光谱法可以对样品进行无损处理,不需要对药材进行复杂的提取分离过程即可获得肉苁蓉红外光谱特征,其光谱的吸收峰强度与峰形是各种官能团互相作用的结果,是肉苁蓉多组分红外光谱的叠加。我们能从整体水平分析谱图特征峰,具有分析速度快,重现性好,非破坏性和样品量小,制样简单,专属性强,节约成本,保护环境等优点,符合中药向综合分析和整体分析的发展趋势。HPLC-ESI-MS和傅里叶红外光谱法联合应用,两种方法互为补充,为鉴别中药的真伪,探讨中药质量评价提供了一种新方法。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱用于朝鲜淫羊藿的品质分析

朝鲜淫羊藿为常用中药, 具有较高的药用和保健价值, 临床用量也日益增大。但现有的分析方法操作比较烦琐,费时、费力,无法作为快速、原位、无损的检测。红外光谱法现已成为中药研究中不可缺少的工具之一。文章对18种来源于不同产地的朝鲜淫羊藿的红外光谱进行了分析、指认,利用红外光谱半定量分析方法分析了朝鲜淫羊藿的品质与原产地的关系,发现光谱随产地等因素呈现规律性的变化。初步建立了利用红外光谱简便地分析淫羊藿品质的方法。     

零视距地物长波红外特征场景仿真研究

为仿真地物长波红外场景图像,根据地表温度随时间变化的规律,并结合气象状况、背景材质、热特性参量、热状态等参数,在对太阳辐射、大气长波辐射、大气温度和地表热传导等影响地表温度变化的因素进行分析的基础上,建立了基于热平衡理论和热传导过程的方程。解算出多种常见地表一日之中的温度变化情况,并将其应用于由相同景物可见光纹理图像反演出的相应红外纹理图像中。在考虑景物表面自身发射、反射的辐射计算模型的前提下,生成了具有相似红外纹理细节的地表红外场景。结果表明,该方法可生成接近真实感的红外场景,有效地模拟仿真地物的长波红外特征。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.