Metal fluorescence lidar (light detection and ranging) and the middle atmosphere

Metal fluorescence lidar (light detection and ranging) has come of age as a tool for exploring the middle atmosphere. The Colorado State University sodium lidar system exemplifies these lidar systems, using a number of interesting techniques to achieve measurements of temperature and wind speed in the middle atmosphere. This and other fluorescence lidar systems have illuminated a number of interesting properties of the mesopause region (within the middle atmosphere). This paper reviews both the laboratory physics necessary to construct fluorescence lidar systems, and the advances in atmospheric science that have resulted from the data collected.     

Ultra-low power anti-crosstalk collision avoidance light detection and ranging using chaotic pulse position modulation approach

A novel concept of collision avoidance single-photon light detection and ranging(LIDAR) for vehicles has been demonstrated, in which chaotic pulse position modulation is applied on the transmitted laser pulses for robust anti-crosstalk purposes. Besides, single-photon detectors(SPD) and time correlated single photon counting techniques are adapted, to sense the ultra-low power used for the consideration of compact structure and eye safety. Parameters including pulse rate, discrimination threshold, and number of accumulated pulses have been thoroughly analyzed based on the detection requirements, resulting in specified receiver operating characteristics curves. Both simulation and indoor experiments were performed to verify the excellent anti-crosstalk capability of the presented collision avoidance LIDAR despite ultra-low transmitting power.     

High-resolution bone microstructure imaging based on ultrasonic frequency-domain full-waveform inversion

The main challenge in bone ultrasound imaging is the large acoustic impedance contrast and sound velocity differences between the bone and surrounding soft tissue. It is difficult for conventional pulse-echo modalities to give accurate ultrasound images for irregular bone boundaries and microstructures using uniform sound velocity assumption rather than getting a prior knowledge of sound speed. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposed a frequency-domain fullwaveform inversion(FDFWI) algorithm for bone quantitative imaging utilizing ultrasonic computed tomography(USCT).The forward model was calculated in the frequency domain by solving the full-wave equation. The inverse problem was solved iteratively from low to high discrete frequency components via minimizing a cost function between the modeled and measured data. A quasi-Newton method called the limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm(L-BFGS) was utilized in the optimization process. Then, bone images were obtained based on the estimation of the velocity and density. The performance of the proposed method was verified by numerical examples, from tubular bone phantom to single distal fibula model, and finally with a distal tibia-fibula pair model. Compared with the high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography(HR-p QCT), the proposed FDFWI can also clearly and accurately presented the wavelength scaled pores and trabeculae in bone images. The results proved that the FDFWI is capable of reconstructing high-resolution ultrasound bone images with sub-millimeter resolution. The parametric bone images may have the potential for the diagnosis of bone disease.     

圆结构光视觉三维点管道缺陷检测及重构

管道内表面的缺陷检测对于保证介质运输安全,避免泄漏和爆炸事故非常重要。在分析三维点分布几何特征的基础上,对基于视觉检测获得的管道内表面三维点,通过判断同一圆周上相邻点法线夹角变化检测管道内表面的凹凸缺陷,采用空间点相邻三角平面法线加权平均获取空间点的法线。依据三维点呈圆周分布的特点,采用相邻圆周上点顺次连接进行快速三角剖分。基于上述方法对实际测量的管道内表面三维点和仿真三维点分别进行了凹凸缺陷检测和三维重构。该方法能实现径向变化小于0.1 mm的管道凹凸缺陷的检测和识别,三维测量精度为0.081 mm。     

Laser ranging based on electro-optic switch

Based on electro-optic switch effect in crystal, a novel laser ranging method is proposed. CW-laser emitted by laser transmitter propagates forward to the measured target, after being reflected by the target, and then goes back to the transmitter. Close to the transmitter, a special mono-block LiNbO₃ crystal is added into the round-trip light beams. High-voltage pulses with the sharp enough changes in rising edges are loaded on the crystal. Based on electro-optic effect, double refraction and internal double reflection effect in crystal, the crystal cuts off the round-trip light beams, and reflects a light pulse cut out by the crystal to a detector aside from the original beam path. The pulse width T is the period that laser propagates forward and back between the crystal and the target. The feasibility of the new idea is proved by our experiments and a brand-new way for the laser ranging is provided.     

机载红外设备多平台协同探测无源定位方法

随着科学技术的发展日新月异,红外侦察设备已越来越广泛地应用于机载平台.典型机载红外设备红外传感器和激光传感器作用距离存在着明显的不匹配问题,对超远距离目标无法精确定位.为实现距离缺失条件下远距离或超远距离目标的高精度定位,提出了多平台协同探测无源定位方法.仿真结果表明,多平台协同探测无源定位算法可有效实现高精度目标定位...     

激光测距无损检测机器人运动控制研究

为了提高无损检测机器人行走的直线度,针对移动机器人系统,本文研究了激光测距的位置反馈方法,开发了基于微控制器STM32芯片的控制器,完成了边缘传感器信号、光电码盘信号、激光测距信号的接收与处理。设计了系统的软件结构,探讨了移动机器人系统的建模与仿真,详细分析了永磁同步电机的数学模型和移动机器人的运动学模型,在此基础上,以移动机器人的侧移与偏移角度为指标,设计PID控制器的参数,进行PID控制算法的仿真。经过仿真分析,研究扰动对于系统各部分新能的影响,验证了控制算法的合理性与有效性。     

基于纹理显著性的微光图像目标检测

微光图像对比度较低,目标显著性不明显,目标自动探测难度大.针对此问题,本文提出一种噪声鲁棒性较好的图像局部纹理粗糙度算法,并给出一种适用于微光图像显著分析的纹理显著性算法.首先,提出一种新的局部纹理粗糙度算法,该算法利用最佳尺寸计算局部纹理粗糙度,对纹理图像进行加噪实验,与基于局部分形维的粗糙度方法相比,本文局部纹理粗糙度算法表现出较好的噪声鲁棒性;其次,在提取图像粗糙度特征图的基础上,给出一种针对纹理的显著性度量算法;最后,将纹理显著性算法应用于微光图像目标检测,实验结果证明了该算法的有效性.     

基于偏振光法油雾浓度检测的研究

针对油雾具有旋光性,提出了基于偏振光法的油雾浓度检测方法.介绍了油雾浓度检测系统的基本原理,设计了检测系统的结构,建立了检测系统的数学模型,对检测系统进行了实验研究,并对两种实验方案的结果进行了对比分析.检测系统采用双光路检测法,用法拉第旋光器进行补偿,并用称重分析法对系统进行标定.实验结果表明该方法的两种实验方案在低...     

Gravitational-wave detection with matter-wave interferometers based on standing light waves

We study the possibility of detecting gravitational-waves with matter-wave interferometers, where atom beams are split, deflected and recombined totally by standing light waves. Our calculation shows that the phase shift is dominated by terms proportional to the time derivative of the gravitational wave amplitude. Taking into account future improvements on current technologies, it is promising to build a matter-wave interferometer detector with desired sensitivity.     

基于大气氧光谱吸收特性的单目单波段被动测距

根据目标红外辐射在大气中传输衰减的特性探测传感器与目标的距离, 隐身无源, 难于被敌方探测, 发展了一种基于大气氧组分光谱吸收特性的单目单波段被动测距方法.引入视线路径的概念, 将氧物性分布场离散化, 寻找辐射积分路径; 利用离散传递法基本思想, 得到目标窄带辐射强度分布.基于氧分子吸收发射谱独立、吸收系数恰当, 饱和可测范围大等特性, 分析氧吸收波段内谐振频带和远谐振频带辐射强度谱线分布的相对关系, 得到其与积分路径(即距离)的关联. 采用分辨率为0.75 nm半高宽的窄带高分辨率光谱仪, 实地校准氧物性分布场, 实现了测距实验范围75–200 m, 模型测算相对误差最大为7.56%的样机. 关键词： 被动测距 单目测距 单波段测距 氧光谱     

基于小波变换和数据融合技术的弱小目标检测

 鉴于弱小目标检测所固有的难点及常用的单一分辨率下的检测方法还不能准确稳定地检测出目标，提出了一种弱小目标检测新方法。考虑到实际应用中的复杂背景和大量干扰噪声，运用数据融合技术，先对图像进行小波多分辨率分解，然后将不同分辨率下的子图进行最优加权平均融合来检测弱小目标。用实地拍摄的空中弱小目标红外和可见光图像分别进行实验验证，实验图像取256×256像素点阵大小，其中目标占10×10像素左右。结果表明该方法能够准确稳定地检测弱小目标，为后续的跟踪作了很好的铺垫。     

基于结构光的植保无人机障碍物在线检测系统

为了确保植保无人机在飞行作业过程中的安全,要求植保无人机具有自动避障能力,为此提出了基于结构光视觉的障碍物检测方法。为提高障碍物检测的实时性,重点研究了基于嵌入式平台的植保无人机障碍物检测系统,通过将障碍物图像处理算法的并行计算映射到GPU硬件资源上完成,大大提高了算法的运行效率。实验表明,在保证障碍物轮廓线完整的前提下,通过对比CPU和CPU-GPU实现处理算法,障碍物检测系统获得了约46.15的加速比,采集及处理时间约为48.985 ms。该系统具有处理效果明显与实时性好等优点,为植保无人机的实时障碍物检测和进一步实现自动避障奠定了基础。     

X-ray communication based simultaneous communication and ranging

To improve the link efficiency and decrease the payloads in space explorations, a novel simultaneous communication and ranging method based on x-ray communication(XCOM) is proposed in this paper. A delicate signal symbol structure is utilized to achieve simultaneous data transmission and range measurement. With the designed symbol structure, the ranging information is imbedded into the communication signal and transmitted with it simultaneously. The range measurement is realized by the two-way transmission of the range information. To illustrate the proposed method, firstly, the principle of the method is introduced and the signal processing procedure is presented. Then, the performance of the proposed method is analyzed theoretically in various aspects, including the acquisition probability, the bit error rate, the ranging jitter,etc. Besides, numerical experiments are conducted to verify the proposed method and evaluate the system performance.The simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible and that the system performance is influenced by the parameters concerning the signal symbol structure. Compared with the previous methods, the proposed method improves the link efficiency and is beneficial for system miniaturization and integration, which could provide a potential option for future deep space explorations.     

基于小波变换和数据融合技术的弱小目标检测

鉴于弱小目标检测所固有的难点及常用的单一分辨率下的检测方法还不能准确稳定地检测出目标,提出了一种弱小目标检测新方法。考虑到实际应用中的复杂背景和大量干扰噪声,运用数据融合技术,先对图像进行小波多分辨率分解,然后将不同分辨率下的子图进行最优加权平均融合来检测弱小目标。用实地拍摄的空中弱小目标红外和可见光图像分别进行实验验证,实验图像取256×256像素点阵大小,其中目标占10×10像素左右。结果表明该方法能够准确稳定地检测弱小目标,为后续的跟踪作了很好的铺垫。     

基于数据挖掘的光纤通信网络异常数据检测研究

为了提高光纤通信网络中异常数据的识别能力,提出了基于熵目标函数最优化的异常数据检测算法。首先,对数据样本进行属性分类,依据异常数据特征密度指标完成邻域区间半径的选取;其次,通过对高阶统计量的大数据聚类度循环迭代,完成特征提取参数的优化;最后,由样本属性概率计算熵目标函数的最优值,并利用最优值完成异常数据检测。实验对1 000组通信数据进行测试,结果显示,该算法的检测精度均值约为95.7%,其数据融合率、检测耗时与平均误检率均优于2种传统方法。该算法具有精度高、收敛快、误检率低的优势,具有一定的应用价值。     

偏振光的特性研究及其检测综合实验简介

利用微机辅助开设了偏振光特性研究和检测实验，该实验使光学实验与电子线路、微机原理及接口技术相结合，可作为对高年级学生开设的综合性实验。     

基于光电校正惯性导航系统的光电桅杆方位角度的修正

针对驻车情况下光电桅杆系统的工作特殊环境,提出基于光电校正INS的光电桅杆方位角度修正方法。采用光电系统定时瞄准某一固定目标,获得参考方位角修正光电系统中惯性导航系统(INS)的方位角误差,然后采用该误差修正INS的方位角,实现抑制INS的方位角误差发散,提高长时间工作情况下光电系统方位角精度。实验表明,在桅杆摆动造成光电系统瞄准目标时的等效方位角误差为0.06°的情况下,以STIM300作为IMU的INS,采用提出的修正方案在60 min内的方位角误差为0.059°,而没有进行修正时在31 min内的误差发散到1.14°。     

基于3D结构光传感器的老龄人异常行为检测方法

针对多视角下老龄人异常行为检测问题,利用3D人体数据和多线性子空间分析方法,从时间、视角和空间动作特征对其进行了研究。首先通过三维结构光传感器获取人体扫描点云数据,并进行点云精简和人体表面重建。然后提取人体点云数据的表面曲率特征,并将其映射到二维彩色图像中,构成彩色动作特征图。通过提取特定时长内所有动作的彩色特征图,生成基于曲率的彩色动作能量图模型,并使用2D-PCA对彩色动作能量特征图进行降维。最后运用基于张量分析的多线性子空间分析方法,对多视角下降维后的数据进行视角无关的特征提取,并完成异常行为的分类和识别。实验结果表明,该方法切实可行,可将其应用于助老机器人和老龄人监护等相关领域。     

一种符号阵列编码结构光三维检测方法

编码结构光检测技术是一种主动视觉方法,利用投射的模式光,通过三角原理获得深度信息。根据伪随机阵列的特性,提出了一种可用于检测场景目标的一次投射模式的结构光三维检测方法。符号的拐点、交叉点比传统的基于伪随机序列及M阵列模式提供了更多的检测点。符号阵列能够提供足够多的码字使所有的子模式获得全局唯一性。基于符号链分解算法及角度变化的轮廓特征,解码方法能够识别绝大多数码字。重建实验表明可以对一定曲面变化的物体进行检测,并能重建其形廓。