流动注射化学发光法测定黄藤素

碱性条件下,铁氰化钾氧化鲁米诺产生化学发光,黄藤素对该体系的化学发光信号具有显著的增强作用。基于此,建立了一种直接测定黄藤素的流动注射化学发光分析新方法。该方法的线性范围为6.0×10-10－3.0×10^-8mol／L（r=0.9956）和3.0×10^-8－3.0×10^-6mol／L（r=0.9981）,检出限为2.5×10^-10mol／L（3σ）。对1.0×10^-9mol／L和1.0×10^-7mol／L的黄藤素连续平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差分别为3.5％和0.73％。该方法用于药物和体液中黄藤素的分析,回收率在96％-102％之间。     

氯酚红分光光度法测定盐酸吡格列酮

在pH9.40的Britton-Robinson广泛缓冲溶液中,氯酚红与盐酸吡格列酮反应,形成离子缔合物,其最大褪色波长位于570 nm处,最大增色波长位于434 nm处。盐酸吡格列酮的浓度分别在1.3×10^-6-1.1×10^-5mol/L和1.5×10^-6-1.2×10^-5mol/L范围内遵守比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为4.29×10^4L.mol^-1.cm^-1和1.47×104L.mol^-1.cm^-1,检出限分别为3.50×10^-7mol/L和6.54×10^-7mol/L,回收率为100.8%-101.4%（血样）、99.3%-99.8%（混合样）、98.1%-98.6%（尿样）。方法已用于血样、尿样和混合样中盐酸吡格列酮测定。     

盐酸倍他司汀对鲁米诺-高碘酸钾体系后发光作用机理的探讨及其快速测定

实验发现盐酸倍他司汀对鲁米诺-高碘酸钾发光体系具有后化学发光作用,并对其作用机理进行了探讨。结合流动注射技术,优化了反应条件,并建立了测定盐酸倍他司汀的新方法。该方法简便、快速、准确,线性范围为2.0×10^-7－4.0×10^-4mol／L（r=0.9975）,检出限为1.0×10^-7mol／L;对4.0×10^-5mol／L的盐酸倍他司汀进行了11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为2.9％。方法成功地用于盐酸倍他司汀片中盐酸倍他司汀的测定。     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵修饰碳糊电极线性扫描伏安法测定尿液中尿酸

本文提出了以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵修饰碳糊电极（CTAB／CPE）直接测定尿酸（UA）的新方法,用线性扫描伏安法（LSV）研究尿酸的电化学行为。在0.1mol／L磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS,pH=7.4）中,尿酸在CTAB／CPE上于0.160V处产生一个灵敏的氧化峰,氧化峰电流Ip与尿酸浓度（CuA）在1.0×10^-5—1.0×10^-3mol／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9940,检出限为1.0×10^-6mol／L。该方法简单实用,可以直接用于人体尿液中尿酸的检测。     

电化学法研究橙黄Ⅳ和溶菌酶的相互作用

在pH 11.00的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中,橙黄Ⅳ与溶菌酶能形成一种橙黄色的超分子复合物。用线性扫描二阶导数极谱法对该体系进行了研究,复合物的形成使橙黄Ⅳ的还原峰电位不变,峰电流下降,并且该峰电流的下降值同所加的溶菌酶的浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系。用于溶菌酶的测定,在1.6×10^-9-1.0×10^-8mol/L,1.0×10^-8-8.0×10^-8mol/L,9.0×10^-8-1.6×10^-7mol/L三段范围内呈线性关系,检出限为4.0×10^-10mol/L,进而对模拟样品进行分析,并对结合反应机理进行初步的探讨。     

米托蒽醌分子印迹聚邻氨基酚敏感膜传感器的研制

在弱酸性条件下,在金电极上以邻氨基酚为单体和交联剂,米托蒽醌为模板分子,用循环伏安法电聚合成米托蒽醌分子印迹聚邻氨基酚敏感膜传感器。该传感器对米托蒽醌具有良好的选择性和敏感度,米托蒽醌浓度分别在2.0×10^-7—1.0×10^-5mol／L及1.0×10^-5—5.0×10^-5mol／L范围内与峰电流减小量呈线性关系,检出限为1.2×10^-7mol／L。本文同时对分子印迹膜的结构和性能进行了探讨与研究。     

纳米金/3-氨丙基-三乙氧基硅烷修饰传感器电化学检测NO-2

将3-氨丙基-三乙氧基硅烷（ATS）修饰在玻碳电极表面,再自组装一层纳米金,制备了一种新型NO2^-的电化学传感器。该修饰电极对NO2^-有较好的催化作用。在pH为3时,NO2^-的氧化峰电流与其浓度在5．0×10^-7～1．0×10^-3mol／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限可达2．0×10^-7mol／L。方法具有较高的灵敏度和较好的重现性。     

靛玉红在碳糊电极上的阴极吸附伏安法研究

在0.10 mol/L的K2HPO4-NaH2PO4（pH8.5）缓冲液中,使用JP-303极谱分析仪,靛玉红在碳糊电极（CPE）上有一灵敏的吸附伏安还原峰,峰电位为-0.60 V（vs.SCE）。该还原峰的二阶导数峰电流与靛玉红的浓度在8.0×10^-9-8.0×10^-7mol/L（富集90 s）范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9976,检出限为4.0×10^-9mol/L（S/N=3,富集110 s）。探讨了靛玉红在碳糊电极上的伏安性质和电极反应机理,并应用于中草药大青叶中靛玉红含量的测定。     

布美他尼在玻碳电极上伏安行为的研究

用微分脉冲伏安（DPV）法研究了利尿剂类药物布美他尼在玻碳电极上的电化学行为。在pH2.87的B-R缓冲液中,布美他尼在＋0.896V（vs.SCE）电位处产生一个阳极氧化峰,其峰电流与布美他尼的浓度在6.0×10^-8—2.5×10^-5mol／L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限（3σ／K）为2.4×10^-8mol／L。将该法应用于布美他尼实际药片及模拟尿样的测定,结果令人满意。初步探讨了布美他尼的电化学机理。     

β-环糊精与土霉素的相互作用研究及分析应用

以荧光法研究了土霉素（OTC）与环糊精（β-CD）的包合作用,并利用β-CD对OTC荧光的增敏作用建立了一种高灵敏度测定OTC的新方法,土霉素在9.19×10^-8-1.66×10^-5mol/L范围内与荧光强度成正比,方法的检出限为7.4×10^-9mol/L,方法用于药物制剂中土霉素的测定,结果与标示量吻合。荧光光度法测得OTC与β-CD形成1∶1包合物,包合物形成常数为3.68×10^2L/mol。从土霉素和环糊精的分子结构出发,对包合物的形成机理进行了探讨。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。