零价钯和苯甲酸共催化内炔烃氢胺化反应机理的理论研究

通过密度泛函方法(DFT)研究了零价钯和苯甲酸共催化内炔烃氢胺化反应的机理.计算研究表明,文献中推测的通过苯甲酸的O—H键氧化加成到零价钯上形成钯氢中间体并不是启动该反应的有利途径.机理如下:在零价钯炔烃复合物上,苯甲酸可以通过质子转移到炔烃的途径得到二价烯基钯中间体,生成的羧酸根阴离子可以进一步辅助底物发生β-氢消除反应生成联烯中间体,随后在零价钯联烯复合物上,再次通过苯甲酸质子转移得到烯丙基钯中间体,最后胺亲核进攻烯丙基末端碳得到最终氢胺化产物.     

基于Heck插入策略的钯催化烯烃与α-溴代烷基羰基化合物的烯烃氧化双官能化反应合成吲哚2-酮类化合物

正钯催化Heck偶联反应一般首先经过插入和加成步骤生成含C—Pd键中间体A,最后通过β-H消除来实现钯催化循环.如何利用中间体A中的C—Pd键引入新官能团是有机合成研究难点之一.目前有两种策略:(1)零价钯催化体系下,烯烃与卤代烃反应生成含C—Pd键中间体A,然后与亲核试剂(芳基硼酸,Cl-,CO,烯烃和炔烃等)实现烯烃双官能团化反应;(2)两价钯/氧化剂催化体系下,烯烃与有机金属试剂反应生成含C—Pd键中间体A,然后与亲核试     

金属卡拜的合成与反应

自1973年Fischer E O及其合作者报道了第一例金属卡拜(金属-碳叁键物种)后,金属卡拜的研究得到了较快发展.基于独特的金属-碳叁键,金属卡拜可作为一类新型试剂/活性中间体参与到有机反应中,并可作为催化剂实现炔烃复分解等转化反应.本文简述了金属卡拜的合成方法及其在当量反应和催化反应中的应用.     

钯催化的Grignard型反应

对钯催化的Grignard类型反应作了论述.总结了钯催化的有机卤化物或炔烃与C=O键或C≡N键的二组分反应和有机卤化物、烯烃或炔烃与C=O键或C≡N键的三组分反应.在这些反应中的C-Pd键是通过C-X键与Pd(0)的氧化加成或通过碳碳双键或叁键的碳/亲核钯反应生成,C-Pd键与C=O键或C≡N键之间的反应一般为分子内反应.当然,人们也观察到了通过芳香C-H键活化产生的芳基碳钯键与腈基的分子间反应.在这些反应中催化剂的再生是关键.本工作对反应的机理也作了一些探讨.     

ⅥB族金属叁键有机化合物的研究进展

本文对一类重要的ⅥB族金属叁键化合物R_2M_2(CO)_4(R为环戊二烯基及类环戊二烯基)近年来的研究成果进行了综述,综述重点是这类化合物的官能团M≡M参键的化学活性,全文包括R_2M_2(CO)_4的合成及结构,M≡M叁键与亲核试剂、与碳-碳重键,与氧或与金属羰基物等试剂的反应及其应用。     

ⅥB族金属叁键有机化合物的研究进展

本文对一类重要的ⅥB族金属叁键化合物R~2M~2(CO)~4(R为环戊二烯基及类环戊二烯基)近年来的研究成果进行了综述, 综述重点是这类化合物的官能团M≡M叁键的化学活性, 全文包括R~2M~2(CO)~4的合成及结构, M≡M叁键与亲核试剂、与碳-碳重键、与氧或与金属羰基物等试剂的反应及其应用。     

两价钯催化下烯醇钯中间体和亲电试剂的反应研究

根据在两价钯催化的亲核试剂－炔烃－α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的串联加成反应中所假设的烯醇钯中间体的机理,研究了炔酸烯丙酯化合物1和亲电试剂在两价钯催化下的反应。使用乙酰氮作为亲电试剂得到了β－乙酰氧基烯基－γ－丁丙酯3,这一结果为烯醇钯中间体的机理提供了一个实验证据。     

富电子炔烃和羧酸的加成反应研究进展

富电子炔烃,顾名思义,就是碳碳叁键与一个富电子原子或基团连接,使得叁键上的电子云分布改变,从而具有活泼的化学反应活性.富电子炔烃在有机合成中扮演了十分重要的角色,可作为合成模块用于各类新型有机反应的开发.其中,富电子炔烃和羧酸的氢-酰氧化加成反应是富电子炔烃化学的重要部分,近年来也有了系统的研究.本综述对富电子炔烃与羧酸的加成反应及其合成应用进行了详细总结,并对该领域进行了展望.     

1,2,3-三取代贫电子环丙烷衍生物与甲醇反应的研究

环丙基的化学性质类似于烯键,亲电试剂对环丙基的反应已研究得较多［１－４］．由于带多个吸电子官能基的环丙烷衍生物的合成较为困难,因此,有关亲核试剂对环丙基的反应报道较少．作者通过肿叶立德 １与米氏酸衍生物 ２的反应,简便地合成了一系列 １,２,３一三取代贫电子环丙烷衍生物３［５,６］．并用此方法高立体选择性地合成了一系列二氢呋喃衍生物［７］及γ－丁酸内酯衍生物［８］等．为弄清亲核试剂对贫电子环丙烷衍生物的反应情况,作者对亲核试剂与环丙烷类衍生物化合物３的反应作了研究．本文报道顺－１－苯甲酰基－２－对…     

手性硫代磷酸及其衍生物的研究——Ⅷ.O-乙基苯基硫代膦酸O-乙基O-苯基硫代磷酸混合酐某些反应的立体化学

本文研究了(+)-(R)-(R)-O-乙基苯基硫代膦酸O-乙基O-苯基硫代磷酸混合酐1的(1)碱性甲醇解反应;(2)酸性甲醇解反应;(3)碱性水解反应;(4)氨解反应;(5)与硫氢化钾反应以及(6)与五氯化磷反应的立体化学。发现所研究的反应均使P—O—P键断裂。在反应(1)—(4)中,亲核试剂的进攻发生在膦酰基磷原子上,得到构型翻转的产物;而未受亲核进攻的磷酰基磷原子构型保留。在反应(5)中,亲核试剂~-SH的进攻也发生在膦酰基磷原子上,但由于生成Ph(EtO)P(S)S~-而失去手性,使之消旋化;未受进攻的磷酰基磷原子仍为构型保留。在反应(6)中,膦酰基和磷酰基均被氯化,分别得到构型翻转的产物硫代膦酰氯14和硫代磷酰氯16,前者有明显的消旋化。本文还探讨了个别反应的反应机理。     

全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究 XI: 全氟3-氧杂戊磺酸全氟苯酯的合成及其和亲核试剂的反应

Pentafluorophenyl and p-chlorotetrafluorophenyl-3- oxaperfluoroalkanesulfonates XCF2CF2OCF2CF2SO3C6F4Y (1) (Y=F, p-Cl) were synthesized by the reaction of 3-oxaperfluoroalkanesulfonyl fluoride with the corresponding sodium phenoxide in good yield. 1 reacted with various nucleophilic reagents more readily than phenyl perfluoroalkanesulfonates. The reactivity of nucleophiles toward 1 is parallel to the pKa values of their corresponding acids. All nucleophiles used (except C6H5S^-) attacked sulfur of 1 giving RfSO2Nu. Treatment of 1 with CH3CO^-2 produced perfluorophenyl acetate. When equivalent amount of KF was added to the reaction mixture the yield of the acetate decreased and main product was acetyl fluoride. This showed that the reaction followed the course of intermediary mixed anhydride formed through the attack of CH3CO^-2 on sulfur of 1. But when 1 was treated with ArS^- the only reaction occurred was C-O scission of the sulfenate by the nucleophilic attack of ArS^- on the fluorinated benzene ring to give the totrasubstituted perfluorobenzene, 1, 2, 4, 5-C6F2 (SAr)4. In contrast to the nucleophilic reaction of the mono-substituted pentafluorobenzene it was shown that in all reactions with nucleophiles para or ortho di-substituted compounds such as ReSO3C6F4Nu were not found.     

Silver(I)-catalyzed tandem 1,3-acyloxy migration/Mannich-type addition/elimination of the sulfonyl group of N-sulfonylhydrazone-propargylic esters to 5,6-dihydropyridazin-4-one derivatives

The addition of nucleophiles to C=N bonds offers a highly efficient synthetic strategy for accessing nitrogen-containing molecules.1 Among the well-developed addition reactions, such as the highly efficient Mannich reaction, various C-H bond-activated compounds including carboxylic acid derivatives, nitroalkanes, and terminal alkynes have been applied as nucleophiles to achieve different classes of amines.2 However, employing new nucleophiles without activated C-H bonds, such as internal alkynes and allenic esters are limited when using metal catalysts.3 Herein, we wish to report a new addition of allenic esters to C=N bonds initiated by a silver-catalyzed 1,3-migration of propargylic esters.     

Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem 1,3‐Acyloxy Migration/Mannich‐type Addition/Elimination of the Sulfonyl Group of N‐Sulfonylhydrazone‐propargylic Esters to 5,6‐Dihydropyridazin‐4‐one Derivatives

The addition of nucleophiles to C?N bonds offers a highly efficient synthetic strategy for accessing nitrogen‐containing molecules. 1 Among the well‐developed addition reactions, such as the highly efficient Mannich reaction, various C? H bond‐activated compounds including carboxylic acid derivatives, nitroalkanes, and terminal alkynes have been applied as nucleophiles to achieve different classes of amines. 2 However, employing new nucleophiles without activated C? H bonds, such as internal alkynes and allenic esters are limited when using metal catalysts. 3 Herein, we wish to report a new addition of allenic esters to C?N bonds initiated by a silver‐catalyzed 1,3‐migration of propargylic esters.     

InI3‐ or ZnI2‐Catalyzed Reaction of Hydroxylated 1,5‐Allenynes with Thiols: A New Access to 3,5‐Disubstituted Toluene Derivatives

Transition‐metal‐activated alkynes or allenes can accept nucleophilic attack and undergo direct addition of the nucleophiles to the unsaturated bonds or trigger subsequent rearrangement reactions. This chemistry has witnessed increasing development in recent years. In this report, we have focused on the metal‐catalyzed reactions of a variety of substituted propargyl allenic alcohols and thiophenols using indium(III) and zinc(II) catalysts, which can activate both the alcohol and alkyne. In this reaction, thio groups play the role of a nucleophile and trigger subsequent rearrangements to give benzene derivatives. The products can be further transformed into various 1,3,5‐trisubstituted aromatic compounds by nickel‐catalyzed coupling reactions through the cleavage of the C? S bonds.     

金属羰基化合物M(CO)6(M=Cr,Mo, W)氧原子转移反应动力学与机理

本文研究了PPh3存在与不存在的情况下, M(CO)6(M=Cr, Mo, W)与三甲胺氧化物me3NO在CH2Cl2中的氧原子转移反应动力学. 反应速率遵循: r=k[M(CO)6][Me3NO], 并且rW>rMo>rCr, 并根据实验结果提出了反应机理, 讨论了溶剂对反应速率的影响.     

Transition‐Metal‐Free Formal Sonogashira Coupling and α‐Carbonyl Arylation Reactions

Transition‐metal‐free formal Sonogashira coupling and α‐carbonyl arylation reactions have been developed. These transformations are based on the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) of β‐carbonyl sulfones to electron‐deficient aryl fluorides, producing a key intermediate that, depending on the reaction conditions, gives the aromatic alkynes or α‐aryl carbonyl compounds. The development of these reactions is presented and, based on investigations under basic and acidic conditions, mechanisms have been proposed. To develop the formal Sonogashira coupling further, a milder, two‐step protocol is also disclosed that expands the reaction concept. The scope of these reactions is demonstrated for the synthesis of Sonogashira and α‐carbonyl arylated products from a range of electron‐deficient aryl fluorides with a variety of functional groups and aryl‐, heteroaryl‐, alkyl‐, and alkoxy‐substituted sulfone nucleophiles. These transition‐metal‐free reactions complement the metal‐catalyzed versions in terms of substitution patterns, simplicity, and reaction conditions.     

Gold-catalyzed highly efficient access to 3(2H)-furanones from 2-oxo-3-butynoates and related compounds

[reaction: see text] The gold-catalyzed cyclization reactions of 2-oxo-3-butynoic esters or disubstituted-1,2-diones with a variety of nucleophiles are described, which offer an efficient and straightforward route to substituted 3(2H)-furanones under mild reaction conditions. The Au(III) catalysts are also highly effective in the hydration of these activated alkynes.     

Palladium(II)-catalyzed synthesis of functionalized indenes from o-alkynylbenzylidene ketones

An efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized indenes from o-alkynylbenzylidene ketones under palladium(II) catalysis was developed. The reaction is initiated by trans-nucleopalladation of alkynes, followed by conjugate addition and quenched by protonolysis of the carbon-palladium bond. With acetate and halide ions as nucleophiles, 3-acetoxy- and 3-halogen-substituted indenes could be obtained in high yields.     

Formation of reactive o-quinone methides from the reaction of trimethylsilyl(methyl)-substituted 1,4-benzoquinones with nucleophiles

o-Quinone methides are formed from the reaction of nucleophiles with trimethylsilyl(methyl)-1,4-benzoquinones. These reactive intermediates are trapped by excess nucleophile to form substituted quinones following oxidation. In addition, varying amounts of a symmetrical dimer and a xanthen derivative were observed. The influence of different nucleophiles and ring substituents on the rate of reaction have been studied, and are consistent with rate-limiting formation of a vinylogous enolate initiated by attack of the nucleophile on the silyl group.     

钯催化烯丙基偕二醇二醋酸酯和各种亲核试剂的反应

研究了配体对烯丙基-1,1-偕二醇二醋酸酯(1)在钯配合物催化下和丙二酸酯钠盐反应的影响. 当用PPh3为配位体时, 丙二酸酯碳阴离子进攻在羰基碳上, 当用dppe为配体时, 进攻在烯丙基碳上. 亲核试剂的性质也影响反应进攻的位置. 通过选择适当的亲核试剂和配体可以从1得到二次烷基化的产物.