CGSE中液位指示稳定的低温沸腾换热器的设计

低温地面支持设备系统CGSE是用于冷却第二代阿尔法磁谱仪AMS02的磁体组件并将超流氦注入AMS02磁体杜瓦的低温设备系统。介绍用于CGSE系统中液位指示稳定的补液式低温沸腾换热器,介绍了换热器的技术特性、设计原理、结构特征和技术要求。该低温沸腾换热器的结构特征主要在于两个筒体的使用,其中加注液体及装液位计的稳定筒与沸腾的换热筒是分开的,通过封头连通,减小了沸腾引起的液位计信号波动。另外的一个结构特征是汇气管的使用,降低了气流对液位的冲击。最终实现了液位指示稳定,提高了低温沸腾换热器的换热性能,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

AMS02超导磁体的低温地面支持设备系统(CGSE)方案研究

AMS02是用于探测空间反物质、暗物质及宇宙射线的第二代阿尔法磁谱探测仪,它将利用航天飞机发射至国际空间站上,并以超导状态工作3年以上。AMS02的核心是一个大型超导磁体,重达2000kg,需要在发射前用一低温地面支持设备系统(CGSE)对磁体进行冷却并在磁体杜瓦中加注2.5m3的超流氦。该文介绍此CGSE的技术要求、总体方案、冷却过程和主要子系统。     

AMS-02超导磁体300K-80K受控冷却系统的工艺流程设计

300K-80K受控冷却系统是AMS-02探测器的低温地面支持设备(CGSE)系统中的重要子系统,其主要作用是实现AMS-02磁体从常温(约300K)到接近液氮温度(约80K)的冷却。对该系统进行了工艺流程设计,在恒温器内设置多个调节阀和温度、压力、流量检测元件,通过自动调节手段控制经该系统冷却后前往磁体的氦气的温度和流量。同时介绍了该系统的组成及低温恒温器、HX1、HX2和HX3的结构和特点。     

AMS为何最终放弃超导方案

国际空间站上的阿尔发磁谱仪(Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer AMS)是太空中第一个大型高能粒子探测器,用于探测反物质、暗物质和宇宙线。本刊2011年第5期曾有详细报道。AMS先后有2种型号:AMS01和AMS02。AMS01用永久磁铁,场强约0.15T,重3吨,早在1998年已在发现号航天飞机上成功试飞过。AMS02安置在国际空间站上,原计划采用超导磁铁,场强约0.87T,     

抽真空获取1.8K超流氦方案分析以及真空泵抽速的预测

低温地面支持系统(CGSE)是专为AMS-02国际合作科学实验项目开发研究的低温地面支持和冷却系统,该系统要完成将AMS-02超导磁体从环境温度到1.8K的冷却过程,超流氦(HeII)的获得是其重要环节。文中针对抽真空获取HeII的方案进行了比较详细的分析和计算,同时针对此方案给出了其物理过程的T-s图、流程简图和实现该过程的主要设备。最后针对此方案,对真空泵抽速进行了预测,这将对后续阶段真空泵的选型具有指导意义。     

AMS为何最终放弃超导方案

 国际空间站上的阿尔发磁谱仪(Alpha Magnetic SpectrometerAMS)是太空中第一个大型高能粒子探测器,用于探测反物质、暗物质和宇宙线。本刊2011年第5期曾有详细报道。AMS先后有2种型号:AMS01和AMS02。AMS01用永久磁铁,场强约0.15 T,重3吨,早在1998年已在发现号航天飞机上成功试飞过。AMS02安置在国际空间站上,原计划采用超导磁铁,场强约0.87 T,为此科学家们差不多花了近10年功夫,却在2010年离发射不到1年的时候决定放弃超导方案,仍用1998年已经试飞考验过的、场强较低的永磁方案。这到底是为什么呢?     

阿尔法磁谱仪

 一阿尔法磁谱仪简介阿尔法磁谱仪(Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer,简称AMS)是人类送入宇宙空间的第一个大型磁谱仪,于1998年6月2日一12日由美国发现号航天飞机搭载,成功地进行了首次飞行,并将于2003年送到阿尔法国际空间站上运行3到5年.阿尔法磁谱仪是丁肇中教授领导下的一个大型的国际合作科学实验项目.     

超导磁体低温系统的简化模型及其验证

用于冷却超导磁体的低温系统由管路、支管、阀门和泵等组成.在实际情况中,低温系统的暂态和稳态响应对磁体的性能有很大影响;同时磁体的暂态过程对低温系统也有影响,因此需要把低温系统和磁体系统作为整体来考虑以提高模型的预测能力.本文分别对两个具体实验装置的低温系统建立了简化模型,并对比了模拟计算结果与实验数据,结果表明模型能够较好地模拟超导磁体的低温系统.     

国际空间站上的AMS 实验

 AMS 实验
阿尔法磁谱仪(Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer,简称AMS)是国际空间站(International Space Station,简称ISS)上唯一的大型高能粒子探测器,也是人类送入太空的第一个大型磁谱仪。AMS 实验是丁肇中教授领导的大型国际合作项目,其科学目标是寻找宇宙中的反物质、暗物质及精确测量宇宙线的成分和能谱。参加AMS 实验的科学工作者来自三大洲(美洲、欧洲、亚洲)的16 个国家(地区),共有60 个大学或研究机构,600 多人。     

科苑快讯

 中国参加阿尔法磁谱仪合作实验据《北京对撞机通讯》报道阿尔法磁谱仪(AMS,Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer)是一个计划于2001年2月送到阿尔法国际空间站上的实验装置。它将在空间站上运行三年。AMS的基本物理目标是在宇宙空间寻找反物质和暗物质,并能测量宇宙线中许多重要的同位素的丰度。这些测量结果对于粒子物理、天体物理和宇宙学中若干关键问题具有十分重要的意义。     

Characteristics of the magnetic analysis system for a compact MPR-type spectrometer

The magnetic proton recoil(MPR)spectrometer is a novel diagnostic instrument with high perfor-mance for measurements of neutron spectra in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)experiments and high power fusion devices.A compact MPR-type spectrometer dedicated to the research of pulsed deuterium-tritium(DT)neutron spectroscopy of special experimental conditions is currently under design.Analyses of the main parameters and performance of the magnetic analysis system through 3-D particle transport calculations and MonteCarlo simulations and calibration of the system performance as a test using CR-39 solid track detector and α particle from 239pu and 226Ra radioactive sources are presented in this paper.The results indicate that the magnetic analysis system will achieve a detection efficiency level of 10-5-10-4 at an energy resolution of 1.5%-2.1%,and fulfills the design goals of the spectrometer.     

Review of the results of measurements of the fluxes of the charged components of galactic cosmic rays in the experiments PAMELA and AMS-02

The paper provides a review of the results of precision measurements of the fluxes of different charged components of galactic cosmic rays (positrons and antiprotons, protons and helium nuclei) in modern experiments with magnetic spectrometers PAMELA and AMS-02, operating successfully for a few years (since 2006 and 2011, respectively) in Earth orbit. A priority of the PAMELA spectrometer scientific discoveries is noted. It is also noted that the measurements from the AMS-02 experiment are of high statistical accuracy and have reliably confirmed previous data, having been able to advance to a higher energy range.     

Validation of the galactic cosmic ray and geomagnetic transmission models

A very high-momentum resolution particle spectrometer called the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) was flown in the payload bay of the Space Shuttle in a 51.65 degrees x 380-km orbit during the last solar minimum. This spectrometer has provided the first high statistics data set for galactic cosmic radiation protons, and helium, as well as limited spectral data on carbon and oxygen nuclei in the International Space Station orbit. First measurements of the albedo protons at this inclination were also made. Because of the high-momentum resolution and high statistics, the data can be separated as a function of magnetic latitude. A related investigation, the balloon borne experiment with a superconducting solenoid spectrometer (BESS), has been flown from Lynn Lake, Canada and has also provided excellent high-resolution data on protons and helium. These two data sets have been used here to study the validity of two galactic cosmic ray models and the geomagnetic transmission function developed from the 1990 geomagnetic reference field model. The predictions of both the CREME96 and NASA/JSC models are in good agreement with the AMS data. The shape of the AMS measured albedo proton spectrum, up to 2 GeV, is in excellent agreement with the previous balloon and satellite observations. A new LIS spectrum was developed that is consistent with both previous and new BESS 3He observations. Because the astronaut radiation exposures onboard ISS will be highest around the time of the solar minimum, these AMS measurements and these models provide important benchmarks for future radiation studies. AMS-02 slated for launch in September 2003, will provide even better momentum resolution and higher statistics data.     

Cervical spine MR imaging using multislice gradient echo imaging: comparison with cardiac gated spin echo

Forty-one patients with suspected cervical spine disorders were studied using multislice gradient echo imaging (GE) technique, with a 1.5-T system. The images were compared to cardiac-gated spin echo (CGSE) images in the diagnosis of suspected cord and spinal disorders. Images were graded for ability to detect cord lesion, cord-CSF contrast, CSF-bone contrast and contrast between CSF and extradural abnormality. The signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were used to compare images. There was 44% decrease in contrast between cord lesion and normal cord on GE when compared to CGSE, except for spinal cord hemorrhage. There was a 40% improvement between bone and CSF contrast on GE compared to CGSE. GE images were significantly better qualitatively as well as quantitatively in the detection of extradural lesions. This effect was more marked in axial plane where CGSE images are extremely suboptimal. CGSE images are better than GE for spinal cord lesions, while GE are superior in the diagnosis of degenerative disease in the cervical spine.     

微型磁探针在Z箍缩负载电流诊断中的应用

介绍了磁探针测量等离子体电流的设计原理,针对Z箍缩实验负载的实际结构特点和现场布局,制作出应用于诊断脉冲功率装置Z箍缩实验负载通过电流的微型磁探针,并通过建立相同结构尺寸的模拟负载装置的方法,实现了对其灵敏度的标定。实验结果显示:在脉冲功率装置峰值电流1.2MA、电流上升时间60ns时,由微型磁探针测得的负载电流与加速器监测电流存在12%的幅度差异,电流峰值时刻存在5ns的差异,说明微型磁探针技术测量Z箍缩负载电流的结果是可靠的。     

用Josephson结电子模拟器测量磁通量子2e/h

介绍用Josephson结电子模拟器在政党温度下，模拟测量磁通量子2e/h，用模拟器来研究Josephosn结的特性。该实验可作为普通物理实验中课题设计实验的一个内容。