水溶性金属卟啉应用于催化反应的研究进展

综述了水溶性金属卟啉作为催化剂应用于均相或非均相的催化反应的研究进展,重点介绍了水溶性金属卟啉在水或水与有机溶剂混合介质中催化底物氧化反应的催化性能,其中包括烷烃的羟基化,烯烃的环氧化,含氧、含硫及含氮化合物的氧化反应.另外水溶性金属卟啉还可用于催化Suzuki-Miyaura反应、氧化偶联反应、C=C氧化断裂反应等.水溶性金属卟啉催化剂具有水溶性、催化效率高、反应条件温和等优点,因此将在催化反应特别是氧化反应中得到更广泛的应用.     

金属卟啉配合物的催化氧化应用研究进展

综述了近年来金属卟啉作为催化剂在各种氧化反应中应用的研究进展, 着重介绍了均相体系和非均相体系中各种金属卟啉模拟酶的催化性能.     

金属卟啉催化烷烃选择性氧化反应的研究进展

金属卟啉作为一种仿生催化剂,能够实现在温和条件下对分子氧的催化活化,在催化烷烃氧化反应中显现出巨大的潜力.本文总结了金属卟啉结构对烷烃选择性氧化结果的影响,并介绍了近期金属卟啉催化剂应用于烷烃氧化反应的研究进展,最后探讨了金属卟啉催化剂在催化烷烃选择性氧化反应中存在的问题及发展前景.     

金属卟啉在催化氧化反应中的研究进展

金属卟啉作为P-450酶的有效模拟物,因在仿生催化氧化体系中具有效率高、选择性好、条件温和等特点,备受人们关注.本文详细介绍了近年来金属卟啉配合物作为催化剂在氧化反应方面的应用,主要包括烷烃、烯烃、醇、酮等底物的氧化,并对可能的反应机理、活性物种进行了总结.最后,展望了金属卟啉在氧化反应中的挑战与前景.     

锰卟啉一次氯酸钠模拟体系中由芳醛制备相应羧酸

我们前文报道了在金属卟啉-次氯酸钠模拟体系中氧化苯甲醛时,金属卟啉结构与其催化性能的关系,结果表明:四(2.6-二氯)苯基卟啉合锰是稳定性能最好及活性较高的催化剂。本文进一步报道各种因素对反应的影响,并在此基础上提出了由芳醛合成相     

高分子负载Mn（Ⅲ）卟啉／PhIO体系催化烯烃环氧化反应研究

研究了负载化金属卟啉催化烯烃环氧化反应的催化活性，探索了催化反应体系中轴向配体、溶剂、锰卟啉在高分子上的担载量及反应温度等对催化反应的影响．结果表明，金属卟啉负载化后，增大了催化剂的稳定性．本文还考察了负载化催化剂对苯乙烯催化环氧化反应的动力学行为，根据Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ方程，求得了相关的动力学参数     

高分子负载锰卟啉的合成及其催化烯烃环氧化反应研究

本文用羟基取代四苯基卟啉锰通过醚键与聚苯乙烯树脂键联，合成了一类高分子负载化锰卟啉化合物。经ＥＳＲ、ＩＲ、ＵＶ－ｖｉｓ散射光谱等测定证实其结构。本文同时考察了它们对烯烃环氧化反应的催化活性，结果表明，负载化金属卟啉在催化烯烃环氧化反应中能集均相和多相催化的优点于一体，不仅催化剂稳定性增强，而且易于分离和重复使用。     

μ-氧代四苯基双核金属卟啉仿生催化剂的研究进展

综述了国内外及本课题组有关μ-氧代四苯基双核金属卟啉仿生催化剂合成及应用的最新研究进展和成果. 重点介绍了μ-氧代四苯基双核金属卟啉的合成方法, 即两步合成法、柱色谱分离法、一步合成法、自氧化法以及本课题组最新开发的一锅法. 其中一步合成法和自氧化法由于具有适用范围广、收率高等优点, 将成为μ-氧代四苯基双核金属卟啉的主要合成方法. 而一锅法尽管目前收率尚较低, 但由于其完全去掉了中间反应产物的分离和提纯以及原料和溶剂的损失, 而使工艺流程得到大大简化、能耗显著降低, 将成为一种极有发展潜力的合成方法. 系统地阐述了μ-氧代四苯基双核金属卟啉在仿生催化领域中的应用. 尤其是以μ-氧代四苯基双核金属卟啉为催化剂、O2或空气为氧化剂的催化氧化反应, 具有催化剂用量少、氧化剂清洁且廉价易得、无需助催化剂和共还原剂、反应条件温和等优点, 将成为未来仿生催化氧化领域研究的前沿和热点.     

四氯苯基卟啉锰配合物催化苯乙烯不对称环氧化反应

金属卟啉;催化剂;对映体过量;四氯苯基卟啉锰配合物催化苯乙烯不对称环氧化反应     

疏水性金属卟啉的合成及催化性能研究

本文合成了一类带疏水性长链的对称卟啉及其金属配合物, 研究了该类金属卟啉在CH2Cl2/H2O两相体系中催化苯乙烯的环氧化反应性能。通过以上研究, 发现催化反应体系中水相PH值对烯烃环氧化反应有很大影响; 改变金属卟啉的疏水性对催化反应影响不大; 具不同中心金属离子的金属卟啉有不同的催化活性, 催化活性顺序为:Mn>Co>Ni>Cu。     

Heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation of strontium sulphate

Heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation processes of strontium sulphate have been studied, using a homogeneous precipitation technique together with electronic particle counting. Four different heterogeneous nucleation processes were observed in solutions purified by conventional filtration. In solutions purified by continued circulation through a fibre-glass filter mat, homogeneous nucleation was observed at supersaturations about 10.75. The rate of homogeneous nucleation was found to depend on the 27th power of the sulphate concentration, indicating that the nucleus contains 52 ions. The results support the theory of homogeneous nucleation presented by Nielson.     

用含苯甲酸甲氧基苯酯的聚硅氧烷组成均相电流变液及其智能阻尼特性的研究

Based on the synthesis and characterization of side-chain liquid crystal polysiloxanes containing p-methoxyl phenyl benzolate, the homogeneous electrorheological (ER) liquid and its smart damper were fabricated. The properties of the homogeneous ER liquid and its smart damper were tested. The results indicated that the homogeneous ER liquid with significant ER effect at room temperature is obtained by mixing the side-chain liquid crystal polysiloxanes containing p-methoxyl phenyl benzolate and silicone oil. Its shear stress reached 1550Pa at electrical field strength (E) of 2.2 kV/mm and shear rate of 300 s-1. The damping forces of the smart damper based on the homogeneous ER liquid enhanced if E and oscillation frequency increased. Consequently, an effective way for semi-active control using the smart damper based on the homogeneous ER liquid was put forward to reduce the seismic responses of the structures.     

功能化MCM-41在有机合成中的应用

介孔分子筛MCM-41具有较高的比表面和规整的结构以及表面带有羟基,因此可对MCM-41进行官能团化,从而实现均相催化剂在MCM-41中的组装,达到均相催化剂多相化的目的。本文介绍了最近几年以MCM-41为主体,组装均相配合物得到固相化催化剂在氧化、还原、烷基化、氢甲酰化、Heck、环丙烷化等反应中的应用。     

Selective Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Gold Catalysis with Alkynes and Alkenes: Similar Behavior,Different Origin

The development of new sustainable chemical processes requires the implementation of ultra‐selective reaction processes. The enormous selectivity found for gold‐based catalysts when applied in several reactions has opened new frontiers. For instance, the selective activation of alkynes is a common feature for both homogeneous and heterogeneous gold catalysts. Herein, we employ experimental and theoretical methods to assess the similarities and differences in the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous gold catalysts. Alkynophilicity, the selective activation of alkynes, is found to have a thermodynamic origin in the heterogeneous case and a kinetic one for homogeneous catalysis. Complex enyne rearrangements require the more active homogeneous (single gold) catalyst because it has more electrophilic character than its heterogeneous (nanoparticle) counterpart.     

纤维素的均相化学反应

本文回顾了近10多年来的纤维素均相反应发展过程,研究了PF/DMSO、LiCl/DMAc、N₂O₄/DMF、苯/DMSO、LiCl/DMI和水等溶剂体系的纤维素均相反应条件(如酯化反应、交联反应、醚化反应、接枝共聚等),并总结了纤维素均相衍生化的分析方法,讨论了各种方法的优缺点以及发展前景.     

Flow-visualization during macrovoid pore formation in dry-cast cellulose acetate membranes

Video-microscopy flow-visualization (VMFV) is adapted to study the development of macrovoid (MV) pores in the dry-casting of cellulose acetate (CA)/acetone/water solutions. Particle tracer velocities provide the first direct evidence for the presence of solutocapillary-driven convection that can enhance mass-transfer to a MV. Three phases of MV development are observed: fast initial growth, slow growth, and collapse. During the latter, MVs were observed on occasion to initiate far from the demixing front. These studies have led to a significantly modified hypothesis for MV development. Extremely rapid initial MV growth is thought to occur owing to coalescence of dispersed phase microdroplets. To ensure net mass-transfer to a growing MV, it is postulated that a homogeneous supersaturated solution layer must exist between the demixed fluid layer and the homogeneous stable solution layer. Fast growth also involves convective mass-transfer to the MV whose surface is initially entirely immersed in this homogeneous supersaturated solution layer. Slow growth involves net transport that results from both convective mass-transfer to the MV across the portion of its surface in contact with the homogeneous supersaturated solution layer, and convective mass-transfer from the portion of its surface that extends into the homogeneous stable solution layer. Active collapse is thought to occur owing to skin formation at the MV surface. Passive collapse occurs when the convective mass-transfer from the MV in the homogeneous stable solution layer exceeds that entering the MV in the homogeneous supersaturated solution layer.     

Polymer fibers as carriers for homogeneous catalysts

This paper describes a polymer fiber-based approach for the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts. The goal is to generate products that are free of catalysts which would be of great importance for the development of optoelectronic or pharmaceutical compounds. Electrospinning was employed to prepare the non-woven fiber assembly composed of polystyrene. The homogeneous catalyst scandium triflate was immobilized on the polystyrene fibers during electrospinning and on corresponding core shell fibers using a fiber template approach. An imino aldol and an aza-Diels-Alder model reaction were carried out with each fibrous catalytic system. This resulted in the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts in a polymer environment without loss of their catalytic activity and may even be enhanced when compared with reactions carried out in homogeneous solutions.     

Pyridine and related ligands in transition metal homogeneous catalysis

This review provides a broad overview of the literature related to the importance of pyridine and related ligands in homogeneous catalysis. In particular, it describes the various ways by which this ligand can stabilised the metal within a complex for homogeneous catalysis. We surveyed the important transition metal homogenous catalysts containing pyridine and related ligand acting as backbone for other ligands in homogeneous catalytic reactions explicitly from 2011 up to early 2014 and summarized their comparative catalytic activities.     

Extension of the improved “heterogeneous equivalent” method to the digital simulation of the slow psuedo-first order homogeneous reactions coupled to the electrode reaction

The improved “Heterogeneous Equivalent” method for simulation of very fast first and pseudo-first order homogeneous reactions coupled with electrode reaction has been extended for the treatment of moderately fast and slow homogeneous reactions. New algorithms have been developed avoiding the simulation of homogeneous kinetics through finite difference approximation. Instead, the analytical expression for the term containing the kinetic parameter has been included in combination with other constant parameters (such as the diffusion coefficient).     

Catalysis with Gold Complexes Immobilised on Carbon Nanotubes by π–π Stacking Interactions: Heterogeneous Catalysis versus the Boomerang Effect

A new pyrene‐tagged gold(I) complex has been synthesised and tested as a homogeneous catalyst. First, a simple 1,6‐enyne was chosen as a model substrate for cyclisation by using different solvents to optimise the reaction conditions. The non‐covalent immobilisation of our pyrene‐tagged gold complex onto multi‐walled carbon nanotubes through π–π stacking interactions was then explored to obtain a supported homogeneous catalyst. The heterogenised catalyst and its homogeneous counterpart exhibited similar activity in a range of enyne cyclisation reactions. Bearing in mind that π–π interactions are affected by temperature and solvent polarity, the reuse and robustness of the supported homogeneous catalyst was tested to explore the scope and limitations of the recyclability of this catalyst. Under the optimised conditions, recyclability was observed by using the concept of the boomerang effect.