三核欠完整立方烷金属原子簇二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

研究了具有欠完整立方烷构型的过渡金属原子簇分子的二阶非线性光学性质。利用TDDFT方法计算了选取的簇分子及相应模拟构造分子的静态和动态的一阶非线性光学超级化率(ijk);并计算了不同金属、桥原子和配体以及簇芯对该类化合物一阶超级化率的影响。选取其中的一个簇分子为基本模型,分析了该分子的电子结构和分子轨道,在微观水平上阐述了其非线性光学性质的可能起源。认为由过渡金属和硫原子组成的簇芯和与桥原子相连的配体对该类簇合物的二阶非线性光学性质的起决定性的作用。     

F取代金属铂配合物电子结构和电子光谱的理论研究

运用Gaussian 03量子化学程序包, 采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP/LanL2DZ方法, 对重要的磷光材料金属铂配合物的结构与电子光谱进行了研究, 通过对基态结构前线分子轨道成分的分析, 指认与发光有关的低能吸收全部是金属到配体的电荷跃迁(MLCT)和配体到配体跃迁(LLCT)的混合跃迁. 在配体的苯环上引入F原子可使配合物的前线轨道能级降低, 其降低程度及对LUMO-HOMO能隙的影响与F所连的位置有关. 配体苯环的2位和4位引入F后, HOMO能级降低程度大, HOMO-LUMO能隙变大; 而F取代配体苯环3位和5位的氢使LUMO能级降低较多, 使能隙变小. 能隙的改变导致2位和4位的F取代配合物的吸收光谱和发射光谱均发生蓝移, 而于3位和5位F取代的配合物的吸收光谱和发射光谱均发生红移. 这就进一步证明通过改变取代基的种类和位置可以调控发光颜色.     

二芴及其衍生物的结构优化、前线轨道及其性质的理论研究

采用DFT/B3LYP方法对系列二芴体系进行了全优化, 对其结构特征进行对比. 在此基础上, 得到各分子的最高占据轨道和最低空轨道能量关系及HOMO-LUMO能隙, 并分析其能隙与导电性的关系及预计其光谱特征. 对各分子的相关热力学性质进行了研究. 热力学参数表明各分子均较稳定, 其中化合物DFBT最稳定. 采用ZINDO和TD-DFT方法计算其吸收光谱, 分析结构特征对光谱性质的影响. 二芴中插入共轭程度高的结构后, 分子的共轭程度增加; HOMO-LUMO能隙变窄; 最低激发能降低, 导电性增强; 吸收光谱红移. 而接入扭曲的结构后, 共轭程度降低; HOMO-LUMO能隙变宽; 最低激发能有所升高, 导电性下降; 吸收光谱蓝移.     

含四硫富瓦烯Schiff碱配体和配合物二阶非线性光学性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP(UB3LYP)/6-31g*方法对含四硫富瓦烯Schiff碱配体和它的Fe(III/II),Co(II),Ni(III/II),Cu(II)配合物的极化率和二阶非线性光学(NLO)性质进行了研究,并对其中闭壳层分子采用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法计算了电子光谱.结果表明:含四硫富瓦烯Schiff碱配体本身具有较大的二阶NLO系数,二价金属配合物二阶NLO系数与配体接近,三价金属配合物二阶NLO系数约为配体的30倍.金属配合物不同自旋多重度时其二阶NLO系数相差不大.结合配体和配合物的前线分子轨道分析可知,配体和二价金属配合物的二阶NLO系数主要是配体内的电荷转移(ILCT)的贡献,三价金属配合物既有ILCT又有金属与配体间电荷转移(MLCT),同时前线分子轨道能级差显著减小,因此它们的二阶NLO系数显著增大.     

含水杨醛缩苯胺双Schiff碱和吡啶配体的Zn(Ⅱ)配合物的电子结构和二阶非线性光学性质

以实验测定的晶体结构为基础, 用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法, 在6-31G(d)基组水平上计算4个水杨醛缩苯胺类双Schiff碱和吡啶为配体的Zn(Ⅱ)配合物的电子结构, 并结合有限场(FF)方法得到二阶NLO系数. 结果表明, 在4个五配位配合物中, 双Schiff碱配体的共轭性减弱, 在Schiff碱配体引入叔丁基以及连接双Schiff碱的桥对配合物的结构影响很小. 同时4个配合物的配键性质、原子电荷分布、前线分子轨道能级等方面具有相似性. 但引入叔丁基改变了配合物前线分子轨道组成, Zn—O配位键的极性有所加强, 从而使配合物的极化率和二阶NLO系数增加, 而连接两个Schiff碱的桥对配合物二阶NLO性质影响不大.     

S2N2环桥连配合物的MO研究

本文根据MAD-SCC-EHMO法的计算结果，对典型硫氮环S₂N₂与过渡金属单啮和双啮桥连的配合物的电子结构和成键情况做了研究。用衡量相对稳定性的三个指标：稳定性能，HOMO-LUMO能隙和重迭布居比较了1∶2，1∶1和2∶1型配合物的稳定性，并用碎片分子轨道法分析了S₂N₂环的分子轨道与过渡金属d轨道间的相互作用。     

联吡啶Ru~(Ⅱ/Ⅲ)配合物二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法对联吡啶Ru~(Ⅱ/Ⅲ)配合物的几何结构、氧化还原性质、UV-Vis光谱及二阶非线性光学(NLO)性质进行计算.研究结果表明,醌基的引入能够有效增大第一超极化率(β_(tot))值,但醌基在氮苯基上位置的改变对β_(tot)值影响不大.分子轨道和自旋密度分布分析结果表明,金属Ru~Ⅱ和副配体均能成为氧化中心,并且氧化中心位置不同,会导致配合物氧化态的电荷转移形式产生差别,进而改变氧化态的β_(tot)值.氧化态配合物1b和2b的β_(tot)值减小,而配合物3b和4b的β_(tot)值显著增大,超瑞利散射方法计算的第一超极化率(β_(HRS))值也符合此规律.含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)结果表明,配合物本征态主要是金属到配体的电荷转移(MLCT/ML'CT),而氧化态则是配体到金属的电荷转移(LMCT/L'MCT),给、受体发生明显改变.因此,通过改变副配体的种类及氧化还原反应,可有效调节这类联吡啶Ru~(Ⅱ/Ⅲ)配合物的二阶NLO响应.     

二氰基二硫纶和邻菲咯啉二酮镍(Ⅱ)、铜(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)配合物的电子光谱及分子内荷移跃迁

各种均一配体的金属二硫纶[1～4]、金属二亚胺[5,6]以及二硫纶和二亚胺混合配体的金属配合物[7,8],因其具有特殊的氧化还原性和光、电、磁功能,近10多年来一直受到科学家们的高度重视.笔者的兴趣在于二氰基二硫纶(mnt2-)的过渡金属配合物,以及二氰基二硫纶和α,α′-二亚胺混合配体过渡金属配合物的合成、性质、结构和电子功能研究[9～12].这些配合物不仅本身具有优异的气敏、光敏、催化等功能性,而且也是合成金属四氮杂卟啉的前驱物[13～14]和自组装有序分子聚集体的功能元件之一[15].……     

二氰基二硫纶和邻菲咯啉二酮镍（Ⅱ）,铜（Ⅱ）,锌（Ⅱ）配合物的电子光谱及分子内

各种均一配体的金属二硫纶[1～4]、金属二亚胺[5,6]以及二硫纶和二亚胺混合配体的金属配合物[7,8],因其具有特殊的氧化还原性和光、电、磁功能,近10多年来一直受到科学家们的高度重视.笔者的兴趣在于二氰基二硫纶(mnt2-)的过渡金属配合物,以及二氰基二硫纶和α,α′-二亚胺混合配体过渡金属配合物的合成、性质、结构和电子功能研究[9～12].这些配合物不仅本身具有优异的气敏、光敏、催化等功能性,而且也是合成金属四氮杂卟啉的前驱物[13～14]和自组装有序分子聚集体的功能元件之一[15].……     

Roussin红盐和Roussin黑盐的电子结构

Roussin黑盐簇阴离子及其"元件化合物"Roussin红盐簇阴离子,是固氮酶活性中心福州模型I(网兜状原子簇模型)的模型物.本文用闭壳层CNDO/2(S,D方案)法计算了它们的电子结构.根据计算所得的Mulliken重叠集居,电荷密度,分子轨道能量和轨道特征等数据,对成键性质进行了分析,得出如下主要结论:两种簇阴离子骨架电子的非定域性都比较强,桥硫原子Sb在由红盐形成黑盐的电子转移过程中起施主作用,两种簇阴离子中都存在M-M键,强度与M-Sb键相近,其主要贡献都来源于金属的s,pz,dz2轨道与硫原子的s,pz轨道之间的σ作用,金属d轨道的π作用对整个骨架的成键贡献很小.     

Sterically Hindered o‐Quinone Annulated with Dithiete: A Molecule Comprising Diolate and Dithiolate Coordination Sites

A new stable sterically hindered o‐quinone annelated with a 1,2‐dithiete ring was prepared by using mild conditions. The skeleton of the compound comprises diolate and dithiolate functions that have the potential to bind metals leading to the corresponding complexes. The reactivity of this compound as a ligand with respect to both coordination sites was studied. Reactions with metals indicate that the o‐quinone function is reduced in the first stage to give semiquinonate and catecholate complexes. The dithiolate coordination site was involved in the reaction in a few cases only after diolate was bound. A trinuclear manganese complex with coordination on both sites was obtained and characterized by EPR spectroscopy. The electrochemical study of this quinone fused with dithiete is reported.     

Broad HOMO-LUMO gap tuning through the coordination of a single phosphine, aminophosphine or phosphite onto a Ru(tpy)(bpy)2+ core

The synthesis of new ruthenium(II) terpyridine bipyridine complexes bearing a phosphorus(III) ligand is presented. The steric and electronic properties of the phosphorus ligand were varied using aminophosphines, alkyl and aryl phosphites and the bulky tri(isopropyl)phosphine. All complexes were characterized by multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis. The electronic properties of the complexes were probed by cyclic voltammetry, absorption and luminescence spectroscopy. The complexes do not show luminescence at room temperature, whereas at 77 K in an alcoholic matrix, emission is observed in the range 600-650 nm with lifetimes of 3.5-5.5 micros, originating from 3MLCT states. The MLCT transition spans over 65 nm, which corresponds to a variation of 0.4 eV in the HOMO-LUMO gap. The oxidation potential of the ruthenium varies over a broad range of 290 mV, from +1.32 V vs. SCE with L = PiPr3 to +1.61 V vs. SCE with L = P(OPh)3. This range is unprecedented upon the variation of a single monodentate ligand coordinated by the same heteroatom in the same oxidation and charge states. This work underlines the specific capacity of phosphorus in bringing up a large variety of electronic properties by changing its substituents.     

Binding at molecule/gold transport interfaces. V. Comparison of different metals and molecular bridges

The geometric and electronic structural properties of symmetric and asymmetric metal cluster-molecule-cluster' complexes have been explored. The metals include Au, Ag, Pd, and Al, and both benzenedithiol and the three isometric forms of dicyanobenzene are included as bridging molecules. Calculated properties such as cluster-molecule interface geometry, electronic state, degree of metal --> molecule charge transfer, metal-molecule mixing in the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy region, the HOMO-LUMO gap, cluster --> cluster' charge transfer as a function of external field strength and direction, and the form of the potential profile across such complexes have been examined. Attempts are made to correlate charge transport with the characteristics of the cluster-complex systems. Indications of rectification in complexes that are asymmetric in the molecule, clusters, and molecule-cluster interfaces are discussed. The results obtained here are only suggestive because of the limitations of the cluster-complex model as it relates to charge transport.     

Cluster—cracking Reaction,a New Method to Synthesize Unsymmetrical Dithiolate Complexes for the Study of Third—Order Nonlinear Optical Properties

A new coluster-cracking method to synthesize dithiolate metal complexes was reported and four unsymmetric complexes with formula(Me4N)2[M(Ln)(SPh)2](M=Cd and Zn,L1=dmit=1,3-dithiole-2-thione4-5,dithiolate,L2=dmid=1,3-dithiole-2-one-4,5-dithiolate,SPh=thiophenolate)(1-4)were characterized by elemental analysis,IR,UV NMR spectra and so on.The advantages of this method are summarized in two aspects:(1) the preparation is very convenient;(2) the reaction usually completed giving the product with high pruity.The crystal structure of 1 showed that the bond distances of Cd(Ⅱ）to the sulfur of the thiophenolate group are shorter than those of Cd(Ⅱ）to the sulfur of dmit,so that the thiophenolate group does not be replaced in the reaction and thmixed ligand complexes are the dominant produxts.The dmit complexes showed well third-order NLO properties,but not of the dmid complexes,although dmid is an analogue to dmit.     

Structure, energetics, and bonding of first row transition metal pentazolato complexes: a DFT study

Quantum chemical calculations with gradient-corrected (B3LYP) density functional theory for the mono- and bispentazolato complexes of the first row transition metals (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni), the all-nitrogen counterparts of metallocenes, were performed, and their stability was investigated. All possible bonding modes (e.g. eta1, eta2, eta3, and eta5) of the pentazolato ligand to the transition metals have been examined. The transition metal pentazolato complexes are predicted to be strongly bound molecules. The computed total bond dissociation enthalpies that yield free transition metal atoms in their ground states and the free pentazolato ligands were found in the range of 122.0-201.9 (3.7-102.3) kcal mol(-1) for the bispentazolato (monopentazolato) complexes, while those yielding M2+ and anionic pentazolato ligands were found in the range of 473.2-516.7 (273.6-353.5) kcal mol(-1). The electronic ground states of azametallocenes along with their spectroscopic properties (IR, NMR, and UV-vis) obtained in a consistent manner across the first transition metal series provide means for discussion of their electronic and bonding properties, the identification of the respective azametallocenes, and future laboratory studies. Finally, exploring synthetic routes to azametallocenes it was found that a [2 + 3] cycloaddition of dinitrogen to a coordinated azide ligand with nickel(II) does not seem to provide a promising synthetic route for transition metal pentazolato complexes while the oxidative addition of phenylpentazole and fluoropentazole to Ni(0) bisphosphane complexes merits attention for the experimentalists.     

Studies of structural effects on the half-wave potentials of mononuclear and dinuclear nickel(II) diphosphine/dithiolate complexes

Two series of mononuclear Ni(II) complexes of the formula (PNP)Ni(dithiolate) where PNP = R2PCH2N(CH3)CH2PR2, R = Et and Ph, have been synthesized containing dithiolate ligands that vary from five- to seven-membered chelate rings. Two series of dinuclear Ni(II) complexes of the formula {[(diphosphine)Ni]2(dithiolate)}(X)2 (X = BF4 or PF6) have been synthesized in which the chelate ring size of the dithiolate and diphosphine ligands have been systematically varied. The structures of the alkylated mononuclear complex, [(PNPEt)Ni(SC2H4SMe)]OTf, and the dinuclear complex, [(dppeNi)2(SC3H6S)](BF4)2, have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The complexes have been studied by cyclic voltammetry to determine how the half-wave potentials of the Ni(II/I) couples vary with chelate ring size of the ligands. For the mononuclear complexes, this potential becomes more positive as the natural bite angle of the dithiolate ligand increases. However, the potentials of the Ni(II/I) couples of the dinuclear complexes do not show a dependence on the chelate ring size of the ligands. Other aspects of the reduction chemistry of these complexes have been explored.     

Synthesis, structure, electrochemistry, photophysics and electroluminescence of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based ortho-metalated iridium(III) complexes

Four new iridium(III) complexes 1-4, with 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative as cyclometalated ligand for the first time, have been synthesized and structurally characterized by NMR, EA, MS and X-ray diffraction analysis (except 1). The stronger ligand field strength of the dithiolate ancillary ligands results in higher oxidation potentials and lower HOMO energy levels of complexes than acetylacetone. The absorption spectra of these complexes display low-energy metal-to-ligand charge transfer transition ranging from 350 to 500 nm. Complexes with dithiolate ancillary ligand emit at maximum wavelengths of ca. 500 nm, blue shifting 17 and 11 nm with respect to their counterpart with acetylacetone ligand. The electrophosphorescent devices with 2-4 as phosphorescent dopant in emitting layer have been fabricated. All devices have a low turn-on voltage in the range of 4.5 and 4.9 V. A high-efficiency green emission with maximum luminous efficiency of 5.28 cd/A at current density of 1.37 mA/cm² and a maximum brightness of 2592 cd/m² at 15.2 V has been achieved in device using 2 as emitter.     

Fullerenes as a new type of ligands for transition metals

Fullerenes are considered as ligands in transition metal π-complexes. The following aspects are discussed: metals able to form complexes with fullerenes; haptic numbers; homo-and heteroligand complexes; ligand compatibility with fullerenes for different metals, including fullerenes with a disturbed structure of conjugation.     

Square-planar d8 metal mixed-ligand dithiolene complexes as second order nonlinear optical chromophores: Structure/property relationship

The structure/property relationship of square-planar d⁸ metal push/pull mixed-ligand dithiolene complexes is discussed to provide suitable tools to chemists for tailoring compounds with predictable optical properties. These complexes exhibit a typical HOMO–LUMO electronic transition which falls at low energies (vis–NIR region). Substituents at the dithiolene core affect the energy of the frontier orbitals and mixed-ligand complexes based on two different ligands give rise to an asymmetric-symmetric distribution of the charge according to the differences in the push/pull character of the two ligands. Where the push/pull character of the two ligands is significantly different, a π localized electron distribution occurs. The pull ligand (dithiolate) contributes mostly to the HOMO, the push ligand (dithione) mostly to the LUMO, and the HOMO–LUMO transition has ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer (CT) character with some contribution of the metal. These chromophores exhibit negative solvatochromism and molecular first hyperpolarizability.Where the difference in the push/pull character of the two ligands is small, a π delocalized electron distribution occurs and the chromophores exhibit optical features typical of symmetrical complexes (NIR dyes, no second order NLO activity).Structural data, spectroscopic and electrochemical features reflect the π-delocalized/localized electron distribution, and suitable markers such as λ_max, ?; ν(CC); reduction potentials work well to distinguish the limiting forms and to predict optical properties.Analogies in the optical features exhibited by d⁸ metal diimino–dithiolate complexes are highlighted.