有序金纳米颗粒阵列的制备及光吸收特性研究

采用纳米球刻蚀技术中漂移法在玻璃基片上制备较大 面积不同直径的聚苯乙烯小球掩模板, 采用磁控溅射技术在掩模板上沉积不同厚度的金薄膜, 去除聚苯乙烯小球后, 通过扫描电子显微镜观察到周期排列的三角状金纳米颗粒点阵. 通过紫外-可见分光光度计测试所制备样品的光吸收特性, 发现表面等离子体共振峰随粒径增大发生红移, 随金纳米颗粒高度增加发生蓝移. 基于Mie理论, 利用Matlab软件编程对不同粒径的金阵列光吸收特性进行理论模拟, 并与实验结果进行对比. 关键词： 纳米球刻蚀 金纳米颗粒阵列 表面等离子体共振     

铝纳米颗粒表面等离子体共振峰可控性研究

在石英基底上制备了铝(Al)薄膜,同时加热烘烤制备了Al纳米颗粒,研究了不同厚度的Al纳米颗粒的吸收特性。结果表明,随着烘烤温度的上升,Al薄膜的粗糙度越来越大;当温度达到300℃时,Al薄膜完全转化成Al纳米颗粒。在300℃的烘烤温度下,当膜厚从5nm增加到25nm时,薄膜的共振吸收峰红移40nm。这种制备Al纳米颗粒的工艺简单、省时、成本低、效率高。     

利用胶体小球掩蔽刻蚀技术制备的半导体纳米阵列的场电子发射特性

利用胶体小球掩蔽刻蚀技术,制备了单晶硅纳米阵列,利用原子力显微镜观察了硅阵列的表面形貌,实验结果表明,硅柱阵列具有高密度和较好的均匀性。同时研究了单晶硅纳米阵列的场电子发射特性。为了提高样品的场发射性能,在所制备的单晶硅有序纳米阵列上生长了一层非晶碳薄膜。与单晶纳米硅柱阵列相比,覆盖有非晶碳膜的样品的场电子发射特性有了明显的改善,表现在场发射的开启电场下降,同时场发射增强因子得到增加。结果表明非晶碳膜确实能够降低电子发射的表面有效势垒,从而增强了场电子发射特性。     

二维胶体晶体刻蚀法及其应用

二维胶体晶体刻蚀法合成二维有序纳米颗粒阵列具有操作简单、成本低、易于实现规模化的优点，它可方便地控制纳米颗粒阵列的形态（即颗粒的间距、尺寸、形状甚至成分等），从而实现阵列性质的大范围调制。而二维胶体晶体的合成是这种刻蚀技术的关键，文章着重介绍其形成的基本过程、影响因素及其合成技术；概述胶体晶体刻蚀技术的应用，并对此进行展望。     

氢的强化刻蚀对金刚石薄膜品质的影响与sp2杂化碳原子的存在形态

用化学气相沉积方法制备了金刚石薄膜.在制备过程中，通过间歇式关闭甲烷气体，强化了氢对sp2杂化碳原子的刻蚀.用拉曼光谱和金相显微镜对薄膜进行了分析表征.结果表明，氢对sp2杂化碳原子的强化刻蚀并未影响金刚石薄膜的品质和微观结构.这一结论说明，在金刚石薄膜中，sp2杂化碳原子主要存在于金刚石晶粒表面和晶界碳原子之间,而不是以石墨或无定形碳颗粒为主要存在方式. 关键词： 化学气相沉积 金刚石薄膜 拉曼光谱 强化刻蚀     

制备集成微通道的表面增强拉曼基底

本文介绍一种集成微通道的表面增强拉曼基底。采用湿法刻蚀方法在硅片上形成微通道,然后电子束蒸发沉积金薄膜,最后在300℃温度下高真空退火30分钟,使微通道内形成均匀且高密度的金纳米颗粒结构。用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对基底表面进行表征发现:金膜厚度对基底的表面形貌影响很大,5nm厚的金膜在退火后形成了均匀的高密度的纳米颗粒结构,而10nm厚的金膜退火后没有得到高密度纳米颗粒结构。用10-6 M的罗丹明6G作为探测分子进行拉曼实验测试结果同样表明:5nm厚的金膜退火后形成高密度的金纳米颗粒显著地增强了R6G拉曼信号。同时,对比了宽度分别为25、60、110!m三种尺寸的微通道的基底表面形貌和拉曼增强效应,微通道尺寸对表面形貌和拉曼增强效应影响均很小。     

热丝辅助双偏压氢等离子体制造金刚石锥状表面研究

利用热丝辅助双偏压氢等离子体对化学气相沉积金刚石薄膜进行了纳米尺度上的表面改装,制造出锥状金刚石列阵.金刚石薄膜内在的柱状结构使氢离子在刻蚀薄膜时产生非均匀的刻蚀速率,对锥状表面的形成起着重要作用.另一方面,溅射出的含碳粒子会发生二次沉积,最终的特征表面形貌取决于刻蚀与含碳基团再沉积之间的相互竞争.栅极的使用影响基底区域放电的伏安特性,改变栅极电流可以对形成的金刚石特征表面结构进行有效调节.在处理过程中少量掺入甲烷,提高了金刚石表面附近的含碳基团浓度,促进二次成核,进而诱发均匀分布的锥状列阵. 关键词： 等离子体 表面 金刚石薄膜     

多层金属纳米点阵的制备及其光学性质的研究

采用纳米球刻蚀法结合热蒸发技术制备了银和氧化硅交替层叠的纳米颗粒阵列. 扫描隧道显微镜测量结果表明, 该纳米阵列呈锥形多层结构. 分光光度计测量样品表明, 该纳米阵列在近红外波段存在明显的透射谷, 该透射谷来源于金属纳米颗粒局域等离激元的激发, 随着金属/介质层数的增多, 透射谷的位置向短波方向移动. 利用HFSS软件对该纳米阵列进行了仿真, 并分析了透射谷蓝移的原因. 关键词： 纳米球刻蚀技术 金属/介质纳米颗粒 表面等离子激元     

单晶Si表面离子束溅射沉积Co纳米薄膜的研究

采用离子束溅射沉积法，在单晶Si基片上制备了不同厚度(1—100nm)的Co纳米薄膜.利用原子力显微镜、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)仪和X射线衍射仪对不同厚度的Co纳米薄膜进行了分析和研究.结果表明：当薄膜厚度为1—10nm时，沉积颗粒形态随薄膜厚度增加将由二维生长的细长胞状过渡到多个颗粒聚集成的球状.当膜厚大于10nm时，小颗粒球聚集成大颗粒球，颗粒球呈现三维生长状态.表面粗糙度随膜厚的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势，在膜厚为3nm时出现极值.XPS全程宽扫描和窄扫描显示：薄膜表面的元素成分为Co，化学态分别 关键词： 离子束沉积 纳米薄膜 X射线光电子能谱 X射线衍射     

电子束蒸发法在多孔氧化铝膜上制备银纳米点阵列

采用二步阳极氧化法在草酸溶液中制备了高度有序的多孔阳极氧化铝(Porous Anodic Alumina,PAA)薄膜。以多孔氧化铝薄膜为模板,采用真空电子束蒸发的方法在多孔氧化铝模板上制备出了高度有序的金属银纳米点阵列体系。扫描电镜(SEM)测试结果表明,所制备的金属银纳米点阵列与多孔阳极氧化铝膜的多孔阵列具有完全相同的有序结构,阵列中银纳米颗粒的形状接近球形,其直径大约为70nm,与氧化铝模板的孔径基本一致。研究了高度有序银纳米点阵列的形成过程。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.