聚噻吩在离子液体中的电化学合成研究

在 1 丁基 3 甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体 (BMIM)PF6 中直接电化学合成制备了聚噻吩膜 .通过红外光谱 (FT IR)和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)对聚噻吩膜的结构和形貌进行了表征 .利用紫外可见光谱 (UV Vis)、循环伏安法 (CV)和四探针法研究了聚噻吩膜的电子和电化学特性 .研究结果表明 ,在电位 1.7～ 1.9V(相对于Ag/AgCl) ,在(BMIM)PF6 中可以制备均匀的聚噻吩膜 ,其中 ,离子液体 (BMIM)PF6 既作为溶剂又作支持电解质 ;在离子液体中制备的聚噻吩膜具有良好的稳定性和充放电能力 ,聚噻吩膜的电导率在 0 .0 1～ 0 .1S/cm .     

电化学制备钛网负载聚吡咯/石墨烯复合膜及其在超级电容器中的应用

通过电化学的方法在钛网上制备了聚吡咯与石墨烯的复合物薄膜,其过程是先在钛网上通过自组装干燥膜法附着上石墨烯氧化物膜,而后采用电化学还原的方法原位还原制备得到石墨烯膜,随后加入吡咯单体,再通过电化学聚合的方法在石墨烯的表面生长聚吡咯,得到的聚吡咯开始以颗粒的形式存在,而后随着聚合的进行得到了链状的聚吡咯.得到的复合膜有高的比表面积和导电性,可以作为电极活性材料用于超级电容器中提供赝电容,结果表明,复合膜作为电极材料的超级电容器拥有高的性能,比电容达400 F/g,并且电极的充放电稳定性高,5000次复合膜充放电循环后比电容还能保留82%,说明该材料适合于超级电容器.     

氮/硫共掺杂多孔碳纳米片的制备及其电化学性能

二维多孔碳材料能够提供较短的电解质扩散通道和较快的电子传输过程,因此在能量转换和储存装置中表现出优异的电化学性能.近年来的理论和实验研究表明,两元素共掺杂可使二维多孔碳材料的电化学性能得到明显提高.因此,共掺杂二维多孔碳材料的制备成为目前的研究热点之一.本文以甲基橙-FeCl₃复合物为模板引发剂制备了甲基橙掺杂的聚吡咯纳米管,通过对聚吡咯纳米管与KOH混合物（重量比为1：2）在700 ℃进行热处理,制备了二维石墨烯状氮/硫共掺杂多孔碳纳米片.所制备的氮/硫共掺杂多孔碳纳米片相互连结,形成了多级孔结构.氮气吸附分析表明多级孔结构包含微孔、介孔和大孔,这使所制备的氮/硫共掺杂多孔碳纳米片具有较高的比表面积（1744.58 m²/g）和孔体积（1.01 cm³/g）.共掺杂多孔碳纳米片中的掺杂氮以吡啶氮、吡咯氮和季胺氮形式存在,掺杂硫以噻吩硫和氧化态硫形式存在,二者之间的协同效应能够明显改善碳纳米片表面的浸润性,增加表面电化学活性点.这些特征使所制备的氮/硫共掺杂多孔碳纳米片表现出优异的电化学性能.用氮/硫共掺杂多孔碳纳米片制备的量子点敏化太阳能电池对电极,对多硫电解质再生反应的电催化活性与传统PbS对电极相近,所组装电池的光电转换效率可达到4.30%（100 mW/cm²）.氮/硫共掺杂多孔碳纳米片作为超级电容器电极材料,以6 M（1 M=1 mol/L）KOH为电解质,电流密度为0.4 A/g,比电容达到312.8 F/g.即使电流密度增加到20 A/g,比电容仍达到200.6 F/g,表明其具有较好的倍率性能.     

低工作电压聚噻吩薄膜晶体管

以高掺杂Si单晶片作为衬底且充当栅电极,采用磁控溅射法在硅片上沉积HfTiO薄膜作为栅介质层,聚三己基噻吩(P3HT)薄膜作为半导体活性层,金属Au作为源、漏电极,并采用十八烷基三氯硅烷(OTS)对栅介质层表面修饰,在空气环境下成功地制备出聚合物薄膜晶体管(PTFT).PTFT器件测试结果表明,该晶体管在低的驱动电压(<-1 V)下仍呈现出良好的饱和行为,其阈值电压和有效场效应迁移率分别为0.4 V和2.2×10^-2 cm²/V ·s.通过对金属-聚合物-氧化物 关键词： 聚合物薄膜晶体管 聚三己基噻吩 场效应迁移率 k栅介质')" href="#">高k栅介质     

拉曼光谱研究聚噻吩微米/纳米管

分别具有 2 0 0nm和 2 0nm管径的聚噻吩微米 /纳米管通过用微孔氧化铝过滤膜作为模板在三氟化硼乙醚溶液中电解聚合噻吩制得。在一张厚度约为 2 0nm的金箔上这些具有单分散长度的微米管能很好平行站立起来形成阵列 ,而纳米管则相互粘附不能形成很好的阵列。用 6 3 3nm激发的拉曼光谱研究表明 :微米管具有较高的掺杂程度 ,而纳米管的掺杂程度很低。这主要是由于两种管子的壁厚不同引起的     

拉曼光谱研究聚噻吩微米/纳米管

分别具有 2 0 0nm和 2 0nm管径的聚噻吩微米 /纳米管通过用微孔氧化铝过滤膜作为模板在三氟化硼乙醚溶液中电解聚合噻吩制得。在一张厚度约为 2 0nm的金箔上这些具有单分散长度的微米管能很好平行站立起来形成阵列 ,而纳米管则相互粘附不能形成很好的阵列。用 6 3 3nm激发的拉曼光谱研究表明 :微米管具有较高的掺杂程度 ,而纳米管的掺杂程度很低。这主要是由于两种管子的壁厚不同引起的     

钉扎效应对聚噻吩中双空穴极化子附近局域振动模的影响

基于扩展的二维Su-Schrieffer-Heeger模型，研究了库仑钉扎作用对聚噻吩中双空穴极化子 附近的局域振动模的影响.除了与激发方式无关的本征振动模外，发现了与激发方式相关的 声子振动模式.计算结果与聚噻吩红外和拉曼光谱实验数据相当符合，从而对掺杂诱导和光 致激发下聚噻吩吸收光谱的区别给出了较好的理论阐释. 关键词： 聚噻吩 钉扎效应 吸收光谱 局域振动模     

新型多孔凝胶电解质的制备及其在准固态柔性基染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

制备了一种新型多孔聚丙烯酸/十六烷基三甲基溴化铵聚吡咯凝胶电解质,并将其应用于柔性基染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC)。通过扫描电镜表征、热重分析测试、电化学性能测试和柔性电池光电性能测试等手段,分析了凝胶电解质对柔性基DSSC的光电性能影响。研究结果表明:随着聚吡咯的引入,提高凝胶电解质导电性以及催化电解质中的I-/I3-离子电对等性能,最终在100mW/cm2[大气质量(AM)1.5]光照条件下,测得基于该准固态凝胶电解质的柔性基DSSC光电转换效率达1.28%。     

掺杂聚吡咯薄膜的金属电导

用电化学方法制备了以BF₄^-,HSO₄^-和ClO₄^-掺杂的聚吡咯薄膜,其电导率和电导率的温度依赖性分别用标准四探针法和电压端短路法VSC(Voltage Shorted compaction)测试。实验结果表明:由标准四探针法所得到的电导率的温度依赖性呈现典型的半导体特性。由于掺杂聚吡咯薄膜的形态是块状物的堆砌,四探针法所得电导率及其温度依赖性由块与块之间的接触电阻所限制,并 关键词：     

现场时间分辨拉曼光谱研究不同pH值溶液中聚吡咯电极的氧化还…

对不同ｐＨ值溶液中聚吡咯的电化学氧化原行为进行了现场时间分辨拉曼光谱研究，结果表明，采用拉曼－循环伏安图可以克服充电电流给聚吡咯氧化还原峰电位的确定带来的困难。本文讨论了拉曼－循环伏安图中峰电位相对于常规循环伏安图中的氧化还原峰电位发生负移的原因。在酸性溶液中氧化还原时会出现与一定氧化程度的，质子化的聚吡咯链段有关的不稳定中间产物，这是常规拉曼光谱所不能获得的，体现了电化学现场的时间分辨拉曼光谱方     

Three generations of inorganic phosphates in solvent and water-borne paints: A synergism case

This research work is intended to compare the anti-corrosive properties of three generations of inorganic phosphate pigments in solvent-based paints and in water-borne ones, both of the epoxy type. The anti-corrosive properties of phosphate pigments were assessed by means of electrochemical techniques (corrosion potential measurements, polarisation tests, etc.), employing a steel electrode dipped into pigments suspensions. The behaviour of these pigments in anti-corrosive paints, formulated with different binders, have been studied by accelerated (salt spray cabinet and humidity chamber) and electrochemical tests (corrosion potential and ionic resistance measurements).Accelerated and electrochemical tests allowed to differentiate the anti-corrosive performance of the three phosphates studied in this research. These test are also able to detect and characterise possible synergism between the water-borne resin and the pigments.     

Comparative impact of doping nano-conducting polymer with carbon and carbon oxide composites in alkyd binder as anti-corrosive coatings

This study concentrated on producing anticorrosive coating depending on alkyd resin blended with polyaniline-carbon allotropes composites as filler. Polyaniline (PANI) and its composites were produced by doping of PANI with the carbon allotropes (graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes) and carbon-oxide allotropes (graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes oxide) in different ratios through in situ chemical polymerization. The morphology of PANI and its composites were examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM), which proved that PANI composites appeared as a shell layer in core/shell structure with various overlay thickness depending on the adsorption type for polyaniline. The performance of the prepared coatings in cabinet salt agrees with electrical conductivity values where the best PANI/composite in conductivity value is the most efficient as an anti-corrosive coating.     

Electrochemical synthesis of polythiophene on nickel coated mild steel and corrosion performance

Electrochemical polymerization of polythiophene (PTh) was investigated on nickel coated mild steel (MS) electrode, in LiClO₄ containing acetonitrile medium (ACN-LiClO₄). Nickel layer (1 μm thick) was deposited galvanostatically, from a proper bath solution. Then, the synthesis of PTh film was achieved in 0.1 M thiophene containing ACN-LiClO₄, by using cyclic voltammetry technique. The corrosion performances of nickel coated samples with and without polymer top coats were investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution, by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and anodic polarization curves. The nickel coating behaved like a physical barrier and provided some protection to MS against corrosion. But its barrier property diminished significantly with time and failed to protect MS. It was shown that PTh top coat improved the barrier efficiency remarkably, and excellent protection efficiency was obtained against MS corrosion, for considerable exposure time in such aggressive environment.     

Anti-corrosive properties of natural honey on Al–Mg–Si alloy in seawater

Anti-corrosive properties of natural honey on Al–Mg–Si alloy in seawater were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization (PP), linear polarization resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. All the studied parameters showed good anti-corrosive properties against the corrosion of Al–Mg–Si alloy in the tested solution and their performance increases with corrosion resistant concentration. Polarization data indicated that natural honey is a mixed-type corrosion resistant. LPR and EIS studies showed that there were significant increases in the overall resistance after the addition of natural honey. The adsorption of natural honey on the metal surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The analysis of morphology studies confirmed the formation of precipitates of natural honey on the metal surface, which reduced the overall corrosion reaction.     

3D Nanostructured Polypyrrole/Sodium Alginate Conducting Hydrogel from self-assembly with High Supercapacitor Performance

Due to their possible ideal three dimensional (3D) nanostructures and excellent electrochemical properties, conducting hydrogels have attracted much attention in recent years. Herein, pyrrole monomer was directly dissolved in an aqueous solution of sodium alginate (SA), and was allowed to undergo in-situ polymerization to form polypyrrole (Ppy), resulting in formation of Ppy/SA, a conducting hydrogel, via self-assembly between the polymers. Observation by SEM indicated that the microstructure of the Ppy/SA hydrogel was a typical 3D nano-cylinder network, with the cylinders formed by entanglements of the Ppy and SA molecular chains (cylinder diameter was ～100 nm). The electrochemical measurements of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the Ppy/SA hydrogel possessed typical pseudocapacitance, good charging and discharging rate performance, and favorable capacitive behavior; the specific capacity reached up to 249 F/g at the current density of 0.2 A/g. We suggest it has great potential in the field of high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors.     

Electronic states in polypyrrole

Electron energy loss spectra of valence excitations in polypyrrole doped with boron tetrafluoride, undoped, and subsequently redoped with arsenic pentafluoride were measured. Energy loss peaks associated with intraband and interband excitations which show characteristically different momentum dependence were observed. Intraband peaks exhibit weak negative dispersion while interband excitations show strong positive dispersion. This suggests that interband excitations occur between wide energy bands (～5 eV) in long polymetric molecules while intraband excitations may be due to intrinsic or extrinsic intermolecular charge transfer transitions in a narrow band (～0.5 eV).     

光学零件防腐新工艺的研究

本文全面的论述了光学玻璃表面被腐蚀的原因,传统的防腐方法,以及新防腐工艺的机理、方法与效果。     

四磺酸基酞菁氯化铝复合二氧化硅干凝胶的制备及光学性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法将不同掺杂浓度的四磺酸基酞菁氯化铝(AlClPcTS)植入二氧化硅凝胶基质,制备了均匀掺杂的复合干凝胶通过对二氧化硅凝胶基质和掺杂AlClPcTS后复合干凝胶孔结构的测定和对复合体系紫外可见吸收光谱的表征,证实了AlClPcTS在基质中的成功掺杂,并发现AlClPcTS同时以单体和二聚体的形式存在于复合体系中,且AlClPcTS二聚体所占比例随着凝胶化过程的进行而增大对不同AlClPcTS掺杂浓度复合干凝胶的光限幅性能进行了测试,并讨论了掺杂浓度对复合体系光限幅性能的影响,证明复合体系的光限幅性能随掺杂浓度的提高而增强.     

高掺杂稀土PBA玻璃的制备及其化学稳定性研究

稀土掺杂磷酸盐玻璃具有优异的光学和光谱特性,在激光介质材料、有色滤光材料等领域中有着重要的应用。在研究P2O5-BaO-Al2O3-Sm2O3(PBAS)玻璃形成能力的基础上,借助NMR、红外吸收光谱等分析手段,研究了玻璃的结构特点以及在各种化学介质条件下玻璃的化学稳定性能、玻璃的组成和结构对化学稳定性的影响。结果表明:玻璃结构主要由磷氧四面体[PO4]3-和铝氧八面体[AlO6]3-构成;Al3+含量越高,玻璃结构越稳定,玻璃的耐水性和耐酸性也越好;玻璃结构中阳离子的极化能力越强,玻璃的耐酸性越好,侵蚀过程中玻璃表面形成的“缺碱层”在一定程度上减缓了化学介质的侵蚀程度;在碱性介质中,磷酸盐长链末节的金属离子被水化,产生P—O—P断键,形成正磷酸盐溶解到溶液中,稀土离子含量的增加,在一定程度上恶化了玻璃的耐碱性能。     

噻吩和3-甲基噻吩共聚膜及复合膜的红外光谱

采用扩散电流控制法,通过限制低氧化电位单体的浓度,从而限制它在高电位下的氧化电流,以达到减少它在聚合物中的相对含量的目的,成功地实现了噻吩(Th)和3-甲基噻吩(MTh)的电化学共聚。红外光谱及循环伏安测定分别表明,电化学共聚噻吩和3-甲基噻吩所制得的导电膜不是均聚物的共混物,共聚的方式也不是嵌段共聚,而更可能是无规共聚。此外,制备了噻吩/3-甲基噻吩导电复合膜,其吸波频率较单一导电聚合物有明显拓宽,在400cm-1～7000cm-1范围内有强的宽吸收。实验结果表明,复合膜的结构、层数、厚度以及层间微结构对红外吸收展宽效应都有影响。