Dipole moments,Kerr constants,and structure of oxides of substituted norbornenes

The molar Kerr constants and dipole moments at infinite dilution in CCl₄ have been measured for these compounds and also for dicyclopentadiene dioxide and the oxides of ethylene, propylene, and tetramethylethylene. The dipole moment indicates an exo-oxide structure for endo-cyanonorbornene, and this fact is used with the Kerr constants for endo-cyanonorbornene and ethylene oxide to calculate the axes of the polarizability ellipsoid for the oxide ring: b₁ (along the symmetry axis), b₂ (in plane of ring), and b₃ (perpendicular to plane of ring). The Kerr constants for propylene and tetramethylethylene oxides have been used to determine the anisotropy in the polarizability of the C-C bond adjoining the oxide ring. The results demonstrate an exo mode of oxidation of all substituted norbornenes and an exo-exo structure for dicyclopentadiene dioxide.     

THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF THE VIOLET ISOMER OF (⊘P)2[(CF3)2C2S2] RuCO

Abstract

The crystal structure and the details of the molecular configuration of the violet isomer of (?₃ P)₂ [(CF₃)₂ C₂ S₂] -RuCO were established from three dimensional, single crystal, X-ray diffraction data. This isomer crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group D¹⁵ ₂h-Pbca, in a cell whose dimensions are: a = 22.394(8), b = 19.107(6) and c = 17.480(5)Å. The measured and calculated densities are 1.56(2) and 1.56 gm-cm^?3 and z = 8 molecules/ unit cell. The shape of the polyhedron of ligands around the central Ru atom is a square pyramid distorted principally by the fact that the Ru—C bond length is shorter than the four bonds to the nearly equidistant phosphorus and sulfur ligands. The dithiolene sulfur atoms occupy adjacent positions in the basal plane; the two triphenylphosphine ligands occupy a basal plane site and the unique axial position while the carbonyl carbon occupies the fourth basal plane site.

The two Ru—S bond lengths are 2.298(3) and 2.287(3) Å, while the two Ru—P distances are 2.353(3) and 2.274(3) A in length, the latter being the basal plane Ru—P bond. The Ru—C and C—O bond lengths are 1.849(11) and 1.133(11) Å, respectively. The bonds within the triphenylphosphines are normal and the phenyl rings are planar, nearly equilateral hexagons. The dithiolene ligand has C—S and (ethylene C)—(ethylene C) distances of 1.719(10) and 1.358(12) Å, respectively, which conform more closely to values expected from an unsaturated cis-dithiol than a dithioketone. The closest inter or intramolecular contact between the Ru atom and the phenyl hydrogens is 3.08 A, which is about 0.5 Å longer than the sum of van der Waals' radii. When refinement was complete, the unweighted and weighted R(F) factors, for 2386 observed reflections, were 0.060 and 0.055, with an error of fit of 1.16.     

(E)‐3‐(Benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile and (Z)‐3‐(benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile

The title compounds, C₂₀H₁₇NO₃S, (I), and C₁₉H₁₅NO₂S, (II), were prepared by the reaction of benzo[b]thiophene‐2‐carbaldehyde with (3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)acetonitrile and (3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)acetonitrile, respectively, in the presence of methanolic potassium hydroxide. In (I), the C=C bond linking the benzo[b]thiophene and the 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl units has E geometry, with dihedral angles between the plane of the bridging unit and the planes of the two adjacent ring systems of 5.2 (3) and 13.1 (2)°, respectively. However, in (II), the C=C bond has Z geometry, with dihedral angles between the plane of the bridging unit and the planes of the adjacent benzo[b]thiophene and 3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl units of 4.84 (17) and 76.09 (7)°, respectively. There are no significant intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions in the packing of (I) and (II). The packing is essentially stabilized via van der Waals forces.     

Quantum-Chemical Study of the Structure of Cyanophosphines and Their Oxides

The structure of cyanophosphines and their oxides was studied by ab initio (RHF/6-31G^**) and semiempirical (PM3) methods. Both methods predict that MeOP(CN)₂, (MeO)₂PCN, and (MeO)₂P(O)CN exist in noneclipsed antiperiplanar and synclinal conformations. The calculation results nicely agree with measured dipole moments and Kerr constants of these compounds. The phenyl and diphenyl derivatives PhP(CN)₂, Ph₂PCN, Ph(Et)PCN, and Ph₂P(O)CN prefer forms in which the phenyl ring plane is eclipsing the phosphorus lone electron pair or the phosphoryl bond. The interactions of the phosphorus lone electron pair with the phenyl ring and with the cyano group are lacking in the title compounds.     

Azole. 45.

The three title compounds, namely (Z)‐1‐(4,5‐di­nitro­imidazol‐1‐yl)‐3‐morpholinopropan‐2‐one 2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazone, C₁₆H₁₇N₉O₉, (IV), (Z)‐3‐morpholino‐1‐(4‐morpholino‐5‐nitro­imidazol‐1‐yl)propan‐2‐one 2,4‐di­nitro­phenyl­hydrazone, C₂₀H₂₅N₉O₈, (Va), and (E)‐3‐morpholino‐1‐(4‐morpholino‐5‐nitro­imidazol‐1‐yl)propan‐2‐one 2,4‐di­nitro­phenylhydra­zone tetra­hydro­furan solvate, C₂₀H₂₅N₉O₈·C₄H₈O, (Vb), have been prepared and their structures determined. In (IV), the C‐4 nitro group is nearly perpendicular to the imidazole ring and the C‐4—NO₂ bond length is comparable to the value for a normal single Csp²—NO₂ bond. In (IV), (Va) and (Vb), the C‐­5 nitro group deviates insignificantly from the imidazole plane and the C‐5—NO₂ bond length is far shorter in all three compounds than C‐4—NO₂ in (IV). In consequence, the C‐4 nitro group in (IV) is easily replaced by morpholine, while the C‐5 nitro group in (IV), (Va) and (Vb) shows an extraordinary stability on treatment with the amine. The E configuration in (Vb) is stabilized by a three‐centre hydrogen bond.     

Polarity and polarizability of alkoxyacetylenes

Conclusions The dipole moment of the C_sp-O bond in alkoxyacetylenes is 1.3 D and is directed toward the carbon atom. The values for the major semiaxes in the polarizability ellipsoid of the HC=CO fragment are b_L=4.60 and b_T=bv=2.77 ų.Translated from Izvestiya Akaderaii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1198–1200, May, 1986.     

2,2′‐Bi(9,9‐di­hexyl­fluorene)

The central part of the title mol­ecule, C₅₀H₆₆, is planar, all the rings being in the same plane; the lateral chains are also planar (excluding H atoms), almost perpendicular to the ring plane and grafted on the same side of the mol­ecule. The mol­ecule has nearly a mirror plane, perpendicular to the central C—C bond, instead of the centre of symmetry expected. The orientation of the plane of the rings is approximately 45° from the unit‐cell b axis, so that neighbouring mol­ecules are essentially perpendicular.     

Molecular polarizability of the organic substances and their complexes: LX. Molecular volume and spatial structure of the series of heterocycles, their structurally nonrigid derivatives, and chromium tricarbonyl π-complexes in solutions

We have analyzed the molar volumes and structures in solutions of a series of azines, azoles, conformationally nonrigid bis(2-substituted benzimidazol-1-yl)methanes, and chromium tricarbonyl complexes of arenes. For most of the compounds, the rules of molar volume additivity with respect to the bonds and groups increments hold. Molecules of bis(2-substituted benzimidazol-1-yl)methanes exist in the form of conrotatory comformers with aryl fragments being out of the plane of bridging NCN bond angle. Strong linear correlations between the molar volume and molar refraction have been revealed within the studied compounds classes. In the case of chromium tricarbonyl complexes of arenes, the coordination bond polarity has increased with growing π-donor ability of the ligand, the molar volume increment of Cr(CO)₃ has increased as well, due to transfer of π-electron density from the ligand. The simplification of dipole moment and Kerr constant determination has been demonstrated.     

THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF THE POTENTIAL ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT 2-PYRIDYL-PHENYL SULPHONE

Abstract

Crystals of 2-pyridyl-phenyl sulphone are monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, with eight molecules in the unit cell of dimensions a = 11.781, b = 5.903, c = 29.748 Å and B = 94.13°. The dihedral angles between the best planes of the two aromatic rings are significantly different in two crystallographically independent molecules (88.4° and 71.9° for molecule A and molecule B, respectively), as well as those between the CSC plane and the pyridine ring (59.4° and 67.4°) and between the CSC plane and the phenyl ring (51.7° and 81.8°). The average bond distances of interest include C?S 1.77(1) and S?O 1.44(1) Å; among the bond angles there are CSO = 108.1(7), CSC = 105.0(6) and OSO = 118.7(6)°. The packing of the molecule in the crystal is determined by the van der Waals interactions and by two intermolecular H?O contacts of 2.43 and 2.49 Å. The observed conformation in the solid state agrees well with results of previous investigations, in the solution state, by means of dipole moment method and theoretical M.O. calculations, for the analogous di-2-pyridyl sulphone.     

Studies on metal-acetylene complexes : V. Crystal and molecular structure of bis(triphenylphosphine)(1-phenylpropyne)platinum(0), [P(C6H5)3]2(C6H5C CCH3)Pt0

The acetylene complex (P(C₆H₅)₃)₂Pt(C₆H₅CCCH₃) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁ with a = 14.840(4), b = 9.558(3), c = 13.553(4)Å and β = 102.74(2)°. The observed density of 1.47(2) g cm_-3 agrees with the value of 1.480 g cm_-3, calculated for M = 835.8 and Z = 2. Three dimensional X-ray diffraction intensity data were collected on an automatic four circle diffractometer using Mo radiation. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by Fourier and full matrix least-squares techniques on F. The final conventional agreement factor for the converged model is 0.042, using 2843 observations with I>3σ(I). The coordination geometry about the Pt atom is essentially trigonal, if the coordinated triple bond of the acetylene is assumed to occupy one coordination site. The acetylene ligand adopts a cis-bent configuration, with a mean departure from linearity of 40(1)°. The coordinated triple bond length is 1.277(25) Å. The plane of the phenyl substituent of the acetylene is inclined at an angle of 10.4° with the plane of the acetylene ligand. The mean Pt-(acetylene) distance is 2.029(15) Å. The structural results indicate that the acetylene is considerably perturbed on coordination, consistent with the observation that Δν(C≡C) is 478 cm_-1.     

Assessment of intermolecular interactions at three sites of the arylalkyne in phenylacetylene‐containing lithium‐bonded complexes: Ab initio and QTAIM studies

The intermolecular interactions existing at three different sites between phenylacetylene and LiX (X = OH, NH₂, F, Cl, Br, CN, NC) have been investigated by means of second‐order Møller?Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) calculations and quantum theory of “atoms in molecules” (QTAIM) studies. At each site, the lithium‐bonding interactions with electron‐withdrawing groups (? F, ? Cl, ? Br, ? CN, ? NC) were found to be stronger than those with electron‐donating groups (? OH and ? NH₂). Molecular graphs of C₆H₅C?CH···LiF and πC₆H₅C?CH···LiF show the same connectional positions, and the electron densities at the lithium bond critical points (BCPs) of the πC₆H₅C?CH···LiF complexes are distinctly higher than those of the σC₆H₅C?CH···LiF complexes, indicating that the intermolecular interactions in the C₆H₅C?CH···LiX complexes can be mainly attributed to the π‐type interaction. QTAIM studies have shown that these lithium‐bond interactions display the characteristics of “closed‐shell” noncovalent interactions, and the molecular formation density difference indicates that electron transfer plays an important role in the formation of the lithium bond. For each site, linear relationships have been found between the topological properties at the BCP (the electron density ρ_b, its Laplacian ?²ρ_b, and the eigenvalue λ₃ of the Hessian matrix) and the lithium bond length d(Li‐bond). The shorter the lithium bond length d(Li‐bond), the larger ρ_b, and the stronger the π···Li bond. The shorter d(Li‐bond), the larger ?²ρ_b, and the greater the electrostatic character of the π···Li bond. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The molecular structure of a three-coordinate palladium(II)-styrene complex [Pd(η5-C5H5)(PEt3)(styrene)]BF4

The molecular structure of a three-coordinate palladium(II)-styrene complex, [Pd(η⁵-C₅H₅)(PEt₃)(styrene)]BF₄ has been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2₁/c, with four formula units in a cell of dimensions: a 10.229(3), b 11.262(3), c 18.760(5) Å and β 103.77(2)°. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method, and refined by the least-squares procedure to R = 0.050 for 3635 observed reflections. The palladium atom is surrounded by the cyclopentadienyl group, the triethylphosphine ligand and the olefinic bond of styrene in the cationic complex. In the palladiumstyrene bonding, the olefinic bond is inclined by 77.3° to the coordination plane defined by the Pd and P atoms and the center of the cyclopentadienyl ring (PdC(1) 2.176(6), PdC(2) 2.234(5) and C(1)C(2) 1.369(8) Å).     

1‐Chloro‐3,6‐di­methoxy‐2,5‐di­methyl­benzene and 1‐chloro‐3,6‐di­methoxy‐2,4‐di­methyl­benzene

The title compounds, 1‐chloro‐3,6‐di­methoxy‐2,5‐di­methyl­benzene, (IIIa), and 1‐­chloro‐3,6‐di­methoxy‐2,4‐di­methyl­benzene, (IIIb), both C₁₀H₁₃ClO₂, were obtained from 2,5‐ and 2,6‐di­methyl‐1,4‐benzo­quinone, respectively, and are intermediates in the synthesis of ammonium quinone derivatives. The isomers have different substituents around the methoxy groups and crystallize in different space groups. In both mol­ecules, the methoxy groups each have different orientations with respect to the benzene ring. In both cases, one methoxy group lies in the plane of the ring and can participate in conjugation with the aromatic system, while the second is almost perpendicular to the plane of the aromatic ring. The C—O—C bond angles around these substituents are also different: 117.5 (4) and 118.2 (3)° in (IIIa) and (IIIb), respectively, when the methoxy groups lie in the plane of the ring, and 114.7 (3) and 113.6 (3)° in (IIIa) and (IIIb), respectively, when they are out of the plane of the ring.     

Sign ambiguity in dipole moment derivatives of Br2CO

Signs of the dipole moment derivatives, ?p_x/?S₄ and ?p_x/?S₅ where p_x is the dipole moment vector along an axis perpendicular to the CO bond in the plane of the molecule and S_j are the symmetry coordinates for the B₁ vibrations of Br₂CO have been re-evaluated from the reported ?p/?Q_i values (p being the dipole moment of the molecule and Q_i the normal coordinates) and the L matrix elements. The new set of dipole moment derivatives fits well with similar parameters for Cl₂CO and F₂CO.     

Fragmentation reactions ofN-sulfinylaniline PhNSO by the dinuclear complex [Fe2(CO)7{μ-C(R)C(NEt2)}]: Nitrene and sulfur insertions into iron carbene bonds. Synthesis and x-ray structures of [Fe2(CO)6{μ-N(Ph)C(NEt2)C(Me)S}] [Fe2(CO)6{μ-N(Ph)C(NEt2)C(Ph)S}] · 0.5C6H14 and [Fe2(CO)6{μ-C(C3H5)C(NEt2)N(Ph)SO}] · 0.5CH2Cl2

The diiron ynamine complexes [Fe₂(CO)₇{μ-C(R)C(NEt₂)}] (1) (R=Me, Ph, C₃H₅, SiMe₃) react with theN-sulfinylaniline, PhNSO, in refluxing hexane to yield the complexes [Fe₂(CO)₆{μ-N(Ph)C(Me)S}] (2), [Fe₂(CO)₆{μ-N(Ph)C(NEt₂)C(Ph)S}] · 0.5C₆H₁₂ (3), [Fe₂(CO)₆{μ-C(C₃H₅)C(NEt₂)N(Ph)SO}] · 0.5CH₂Cl₂ (4), and [Fe₂(CO)₆{μ-C(SiMe₃)C(NEt₂)S)}] (5). Compound 5 was found to be identical to the previously reported product obtained from the reaction of 1 with sulfur. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Crystal data: for 2: space group = P2₁/n,a=9.533(1) Å,b=18.830(4) Å,c=12.705(4) Å, β=107.01(2)°,Z=4, 2687 reflections,R=0.027; for 3: space group=P2₁/n,a=13.660(2) Å,b=19.096(8) Å,c=10.972(2) Å, β=90.62(1)°,Z=4, 2821 reflections,R=0.036; for 4: space group=P2₁/a,a=18.098(5) Å,b=16.564(4) Å,c=18.548(2) Å, β=115.44(2)°,Z=4, 3569 reflections,R=0.041. Complexes 2 and 3 result from fragmentation of theN-sulfinylaniline ligand and insertion of the nitrene grouping into the Fe=C(aminocarbene) bond, whereas the sulfur atom inserts into one Fe-C bond of the bridging carbene. Compound 4 is formed by insertion of the entireN-sulfinyl aniline ligand into the Fe=C(aminocarbene) bond. All three complexes have basket-like arachno structure isolobal to the benzvalene one.     

(E)‐Methyl 2‐[(2‐fluorophenyl)aminomethylene]‐3‐oxobutanoate: X‐ray and density functional theory (DFT) study

The title compound, C₁₂H₁₂FNO₃, a potential precursor for fluoroquinoline synthesis, is essentially planar, with the most outlying atoms displaced from the best‐plane fit through all non‐H atoms by 0.163 (2) and 0.118 (2) Å. Molecules are arranged in layers oriented parallel to the (011) plane. The arrangement of the molecules in the structure is controlled mainly by electrostatic interactions, as the dipole moment of the molecule is 5.2 D. In addition, the molecules are linked by a weak C—H...O hydrogen bond which gives rise to chains with the base vector [1,1,1]. Electron transfer within the molecule is analysed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Deviations from the ideal molecular geometry are explained by the concept of non‐equivalent hybrid orbitals.     

Two polymorphs and the diethylammonium salt of the barbiturate eldoral

Polymorph (Ia) of eldoral [5‐ethyl‐5‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)barbituric acid or 5‐ethyl‐5‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐diazinane‐2,4,6‐trione], C₁₁H₁₇N₃O₃, displays a hydrogen‐bonded layer structure parallel to (100). The piperidine N atom and the barbiturate carbonyl group in the 2‐position are utilized in N—H...N and N—H...O=C hydrogen bonds, respectively. The structure of polymorph (Ib) contains pseudosymmetry elements. The two independent molecules of (Ib) are connected via N—H...O=C(4/6‐position) and N—H...N(piperidine) hydrogen bonds to give a chain structure in the [100] direction. The hydrogen‐bonded layers, parallel to (010), formed in the salt diethylammonium 5‐ethyl‐5‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)barbiturate [or diethylammonium 5‐ethyl‐2,4,6‐trioxo‐5‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐diazinan‐1‐ide], C₄H₁₂N⁺·C₁₁H₁₆N₃O₃⁻, (II), closely resemble the corresponding hydrogen‐bonded structure in polymorph (Ia). Like many other 5,5‐disubstituted derivatives of barbituric acid, polymorphs (Ia) and (Ib) contain the R₂²(8) N—H...O=C hydrogen‐bond motif. However, the overall hydrogen‐bonded chain and layer structures of (Ia) and (Ib) are unique because of the involvement of the hydrogen‐bond acceptor function in the piperidine group.     

Stark modulation of the electronic spectrum of pyridine in benzene at 1.6 K

The Stark-modulated spectra of the OO band of the ¹B₁ ← ¹N₁ (n → π*) transition of pyridine in single crystals of benzene were studied for all principal directions of the applied field. The molecules were found to be oriented with their C₂ axis nearly parallel to the benzene CH bond direction closest to the crystallographic b-axis. The Lorentz field corrected dipole moment change on exciation was found to be 2.6 ± 0.1 debye.     

A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Electron Density Study of Intra‐ and Intermolecular Interactions in Thiourea S,S‐Dioxide

The thiourea S,S‐dioxide molecule is recognized as a zwitterion with a high dipole moment and an unusually long C? S bond. The molecule has a most interesting set of intermolecular interactions in the crystalline state—a relatively strong O???H? N hydrogen bond and very weak intermolecular C???S and N???O interactions. The molecule has C_s symmetry, and each oxygen atom is hydrogen‐bonded to two hydrogen atoms with O???H? N distances of 2.837 and 2.826 Å and angles of 176.61 and 158.38°. The electron density distribution is obtained both from Xray diffraction data at 110 K and from a periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Bond characterization is made in terms of the analysis of topological properties. The covalent characters of the C? N, N? H, C? S, and S? O bonds are apparent, and the agreement on the topological properties between experiment and theory is adequate. The features of the Laplacian distributions, bond paths, and atomic domains are comparable. In a systematic approach, DFT calculations are performed based on a monomer, a dimer, a heptamer, and a crystal to see the effect on the electron density distribution due to the intermolecular interactions. The dipole moment of the molecule is enhanced in the solid state. The typical values of ρ_b and H_b of the hydrogen bonds and weak intermolecular C???S and N???O interactions are given. All the interactions are verified by the location of the bond critical point and its associated topological properties. The isovalue surface of Laplacian charge density and the detailed atomic graph around each atomic site reveal the shape of the valence‐shell charge concentration and provide a reasonable interpretation of the bonding of each atom.     

Polarity,polarizability, and structure of esters. 6. Conformations of para-substituted phenyl chloroformates in solutions

The ellipsoid of polarizability of the chloroformate fragment ClC(O)O has principle semiaxes b₁=3.64, b₂=5.34, b₃=3.81 Å₃; the angle between b₁ and the C=0 bond is 24.5°. Aromatic chloroformates in solutions exist in conformations with cisoid position of the C=O and O-R bonds and the phenoxyl fragment in aromatic chloroformates deviates from the plane of the molecule.Deceased.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2704–2708, December, 1989.The authors wish to thank S. G. Vul'fson for assistance in measuring the depolarization of Rayleigh light scattering.