共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 265 毫秒
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研究等待时间分布为截断幂律分布的连续时间随机行走(CTRW)模型,分析比较截断幂律分布的可能随机抽样方法,并提出一套可以对其进行精确抽样的乘分布舍选算法.数值结果表明:当幂律指数α > 0.2时,该算法的抽样效率在80%以上.利用该算法可以成功得出CTRW模型描述的三种反常输运过程的标度关系. 相似文献
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对按膨胀规律A→ABA和B→BBB生成的有限长度Cantor型人工DNA序列,采用统计方法研究了序列的净位移及其标准偏差、重标极差函数及其Hurst指数,并将结果与一维随机二元序列进行了对比,直接论证了Cantor序列具有关联、标度不变及自相似等性质.从Anderson紧束缚模型出发,采用重整化群方法研究了该序列的电子输运特性.研究表明具有好的输运效率的扩展态能在较宽的能量区间上存在,随着序列长度的增加,扩展态的能量区间变得更为细碎,但具有好的透射性的电子态数量只是略有减少,共振能态可以在较长的序列中存在
关键词:
Cantor型人工DNA序列
关联属性
电荷输运效率
Lyapunov指数 相似文献
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基于一维弹道导体,建立了三端纳米线制冷机模型.该模型是由一个中间空腔和左右电子库组成,中间空腔和两电子库通过一维纳米线导体进行连接.利用朗道方程和基本热力学公式推导出两电子库之间电荷流和能量流的表达式,进而得出该制冷机模型的工作区间,然后分析其性能特征并讨论制冷机性能优化.研究表明:不同的参数下该制冷机会有不同的制冷区间,但每个制冷区间都存在一个温差上限,超过该温差,此装置将不能进行制冷.制冷率随制冷系数变化的特征曲线为回原点扭叶型曲线,这为衡量该制冷机性能提供了重要指标.尽可能减小纳米线的能级宽度会提高该制冷机的工作性能. 相似文献
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针对手工软件性能优化缺乏可复用性和可移植性的问题,设计实现一种面向实际数值模拟软件的跨平台自动性能优化编程工具SEMD(Single element-based computing multiple data)。SEMD采用数值模拟领域基于网格的高层语义对数值计算循环进行抽象,完全屏蔽底层硬件特征和性能优化实现,使得基于其编写的数值计算子程序能够自动实现跨平台性能可移植。典型算例测试结果显示:在X86、ARM、GPU三种不同架构的处理器上,SEMD的整体性能优化效果超过国际上的同类产品。此外,SEMD在结构、流体、电磁等领域实际数值模拟软件的研制中也得到了初步应用,支撑4款软件热点数值计算子程序平均性能提升164%. 相似文献
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按分布函数的定义不同,描述高能带电粒子在等离子体中输运的-Planck方程有不同的形式。从数值计算的观点出发对两种不同形式的Fokker-Planck方程作了比较和评价,并指出Fokker-Planck碰撞项可解释为速度空间的对流扩散项。在此基础上用有限差分方法求解二维(速度一维,几何一维)含时Fokker-Planck方程,编制了计算程序CAPT,并将其应用于α粒子的输运研究。最后计算了典型的Tokamak D-T聚变堆参数下α粒子的损失,并给出了堆内α粒子的分布及损失α粒子的速度分布。 相似文献
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Xiaogang Sun Hong Tang 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2008,109(1):89-106
Using total light scattering technique to measure the particle size distribution has advantages of simplicity in measurement principle and convenience in the optical arrangement. However, the calculation of extinction efficiency based on Mie theory for a spherical particle is expensive in both time and resources. Thus, a simple but accurate approximation formula for the exact extinction efficiency may be very desirable. The accuracy and limitations of using the anomalous diffraction approximation (ADA) method for calculating the extinction efficiency of a spherical particle are investigated. Meanwhile, the monomodal and bimodal particle size distributions of spherical particles are retrieved using the genetic algorithm in the dependent model. Furthermore, the spheroidal model in the retrieval of non-spherical particle size distribution is also discussed, which verifies the non-sphericity has a significant effect on the retrieval of particle size distribution compared with the assumed homogeneous isotropic sphere. Both numerical computer simulations and experimental results illustrate that the ADA can be successfully applied to retrieve the particle size distributions for spherical and spheroidal particles with high stability even in the presence of random noise. The method has advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and suitability for in-line particle size measurement. 相似文献
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Growth characteristics of silica particles have been studied experimentally using in situ particle sampling technique from H2/O2/Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) diffusion flame with carefully devised sampling probe. The particle morphology and the size comparisons are made between the particles sampled by the local thermophoretic method from the inside of the flame and by the electrostatic collector sampling method after the dilution sampling probe. The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image processed data of these two sampling techniques are compared with Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) measurement. TEM image analysis of two sampling methods showed a good agreement with SMPS measurement. The effects of flame conditions and TEOS flow rates on silica particle size distributions are also investigated using the new particle dilution sampling probe. It is found that the particle size distribution characteristics and morphology are mostly governed by the coagulation process and sintering process in the flame. As the flame temperature increases, the effect of coalescence or sintering becomes an important particle growth mechanism which reduces the coagulation process. However, if the flame temperature is not high enough to sinter the aggregated particles then the coagulation process is a dominant particle growth mechanism. In a certain flame condition a secondary particle formation is observed which results in a bimodal particle size distribution. 相似文献
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Ning Zhang Zhongquan Zheng Steven Eckels Venkata B. Nadella Xiaoyang Sun 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2009,26(4):199-209
We inject a large number of newly created nano‐particle aggregates into a chamber for the purpose of removing harmful contents in an indoor environment. This study is to experimentally and numerically investigate transient response of particle distributions to particle injections. A room‐sized chamber of 4 m × 2.1 m × 2.4 m is connected to a specially designed particle‐injection system, with two Optical Particle Counters used to simultaneously measure particle‐number densities with the size range from 0.3 μm to 10 μm at the inlet and in the chamber. A velocity probe measures the flow that is up to 1 m/s. An Euler‐type particulate‐phase‐transport model is developed and validated by comparing with experimental data. The study shows that the transient behavior of particle distributions is determined by many factors, including particle size, particle settling speed, sampling location, and velocity distribution. Particle number densities decrease in time more quickly for large particles than for small particles, and locations farther downstream in the chamber correlate more weakly with the inlet injection. 相似文献
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针对红外目标在跟踪中计算复杂的问题,构建辅助粒子滤波算法。利用贝叶斯重要性采样算法,在权值大的粒子基础上引入辅助粒子变量,然后重新定义重要采样分布函数,防止重采样后粒子概率密度变化。两次加权计算,使粒子权值比仅用重采样的粒子权值变化更稳定,采样点最接近真实状态;同时不同权值粒子的概率阈值可作为粒子滤波是否完成的判断准则。在二维平面构造红外运动目标模型中,系统为零均值高斯白噪声。仿真数据表明:该算法在x,y方向的均方误差、画面处理时间、RM SE性能上优于粒子滤波算法和重采样粒子滤波算法。 相似文献
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Various phenomenological models of particle multiplicity distributions are discussed using a general form of a unified model which is based on the grand canonical partition function and Feynman's path integral approach to statistical processes. These models can be written as special cases of a more general distribution which has three control parameters which are a,x,z. The relation to these parameters to various physical quantities are discussed. A connection of the parameter a with Fisher's critical exponent τ is developed. Using this grand canonical approach, moments, cumulants and combinants are discussed and a physical interpretation of the combinants are given and their behavior connected to the critical exponent τ. Various physical phenomena such as hierarchical structure, void scaling relations, Koba–Nielson–Olesen or KNO scaling features, clan variables, and branching laws are shown in terms of this general approach. Several of these features which were previously developed in terms of the negative binomial distribution are found to be more general. Both hierarchical structure and void scaling relations depend on the Fisher exponent τ. Applications of our approach to the charged particle multiplicity distribution in jets of L3 and H1 data are given. 相似文献
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Frank Ober Michael Mayer Helmut Büttner Fritz Ebert 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2002,19(4):229-239
The scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) is one of the best known instruments for measuring particle size distributions in the submicron range. The SMPS consists of two parts: an electrostatic aerosol classifier (differential mobility particle analyser, DMA), followed by a counting device, in general a condensation particle counter (CPC). Unfortunately, commercial measurement devices such as the TSI DMA Model 3071 and the TSI CPC Model 3022 (TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA), can be used only at nearly atmospheric pressure in the sampling line or in slight overpressure mode, but not in low‐pressure systems. A modification in the sampling line is shown which enhances the operating range of a standard SMPS system to low pressure. Samples taken under standard and low‐pressure conditions show good agreement in the measured particle size distributions and concentration. The behaviour observed in experimental studies agrees well with theoretical predictions. 相似文献
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Kinetic equations arise in a wide variety of physical systems and efficient numerical methods are needed for their solution. Moment methods are an important class of approximate models derived from kinetic equations, but require closure to truncate the moment set. In quadrature-based moment methods (QBMM), closure is achieved by inverting a finite set of moments to reconstruct a point distribution from which all unclosed moments (e.g. spatial fluxes) can be related to the finite moment set. In this work, a novel moment-inversion algorithm, based on 1-D adaptive quadrature of conditional velocity moments, is introduced and shown to always yield realizable distribution functions (i.e. non-negative quadrature weights). This conditional quadrature method of moments (CQMOM) can be used to compute exact N-point quadratures for multi-valued solutions (also known as the multi-variate truncated moment problem), and provides optimal approximations of continuous distributions. In order to control numerical errors arising in volume averaging and spatial transport, an adaptive 1-D quadrature algorithm is formulated for use with CQMOM. The use of adaptive CQMOM in the context of QBMM for the solution of kinetic equations is illustrated by applying it to problems involving particle trajectory crossing (i.e. collision-less systems), elastic and inelastic particle–particle collisions, and external forces (i.e. fluid drag). 相似文献
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Alessandro Comolli Marco Dentz 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2017,90(9):166
We study the causes of anomalous dispersion in Darcy-scale porous media characterized by spatially heterogeneous hydraulic properties. Spatial variability in hydraulic conductivity leads to spatial variability in the flow properties through Darcy’s law and thus impacts on solute and particle transport. We consider purely advective transport in heterogeneity scenarios characterized by broad distributions of heterogeneity length scales and point values. Particle transport is characterized in terms of the stochastic properties of equidistantly sampled Lagrangian velocities, which are determined by the flow and conductivity statistics. The persistence length scales of flow and transport velocities are imprinted in the spatial disorder and reflect the distribution of heterogeneity length scales. Particle transitions over the velocity length scales are kinematically coupled with the transition time through velocity. We show that the average particle motion follows a coupled continuous time random walk (CTRW), which is fully parameterized by the distribution of flow velocities and the medium geometry in terms of the heterogeneity length scales. The coupled CTRW provides a systematic framework for the investigation of the origins of anomalous dispersion in terms of heterogeneity correlation and the distribution of conductivity point values. We derive analytical expressions for the asymptotic scaling of the moments of the spatial particle distribution and first arrival time distribution (FATD), and perform numerical particle tracking simulations of the coupled CTRW to capture the full average transport behavior. Broad distributions of heterogeneity point values and lengths scales may lead to very similar dispersion behaviors in terms of the spatial variance. Their mechanisms, however are very different, which manifests in the distributions of particle positions and arrival times, which plays a central role for the prediction of the fate of dissolved substances in heterogeneous natural and engineered porous materials. 相似文献