含希夫碱侧基聚酯及其锌配合物的合成和性能

经多步反应合成2种新型含希夫碱侧基聚酯(P5,P6),进一步与醋酸锌反应得到2种聚酯锌配合物(P5-Zn,P6-Zn)。 采用元素分析、FT-IR、UV-Vis、¹H NMR、GPC、TG、DSC和荧光光谱等技术手段对其结构和性能进行表征。 P5和P6均溶于四氢呋喃(THF)、氯仿(CHCl₃)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮法(NMP)等有机溶剂,P5-Zn和P6-Zn部分溶于THF及CHCl₃,溶于DMF、DMAc、DMSO、NMP等有机溶剂。 P5和P6的重均相对分子质量M_w及相对分子质量分布指数PDI分别为4164、6148 g/mol和1.42、1.43。 P5、P6、P5-Zn和P6-Zn的5%失重温度分别为339、348、367和358℃。 P5、P6、P5-Zn和P6-Zn的玻璃化转变温度T_g分别为88.8、123.3、39.8和63.8 ℃。 P5和P6的DMF溶液(5×10^-5 mol/L)在418和416 nm处发射弱紫色荧光,P5-Zn和P6-Zn的DMF溶液(5×10^-5 mol/L)在505和506 nm处发射强绿色荧光,固体P5-Zn和P6-Zn在527和532 nm处发射强绿色荧光。     

含8-羟基喹啉侧基聚酯及其锌、铝配合物的合成和性能

合成了2种新型含8-羟基喹啉侧基聚酯(P5,P6),进一步与无水醋酸锌和六水氯化铝反应,得到4种聚酯锌、铝配合物(P5-Zn,P6-Zn,P5-Al,P6-Al)。采用元素分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、紫外可见光谱仪、核磁共振氢谱仪、凝胶渗透色谱仪、热重分析仪和荧光光谱仪等技术手段对其结构和性能进行了表征。聚酯P5和P6易溶于四氢呋喃(THF)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)等常用的有机溶剂,配合物P5-Zn、P6-Zn、P5-Al和P6-Al部分溶于DMF、DMAC、DMSO和NMP等溶剂。聚酯P5和P6的质均相对分子质量Mw为4.11×10~4和5.42×10~4,相对分子质量分布指数PDI为1.50和1.40。聚酯P5和P6的5%失重温度分别为261.4和291.1℃,配合物P5-Zn、P6-Zn、P5-Al和P6-Al的5%失重温度分别为307.7、306.2、286.3和297.8℃。聚酯P5和P6的DMF溶液(5×10-5 mol/L)在432和429nm处发射较弱紫色荧光,配合物P5-Zn、P6-Zn、P5-Al和P6-Al的DMF溶液(5×10~(-5) mol/L)分别在540、537、517和522nm处发强绿色荧光,固体分别在550、556、531和535nm处发射强绿色荧光。     

高效液相色谱/质谱分析蘑菇柄中5′-核苷酸

采用高效液相色谱 /质谱法 ,对蘑菇柄中 5′ 核苷酸进行了分析。在C18柱上 ,以含 0 0 5%磷酸的水 甲醇 ( 95/5,V/V)为流动相进行了分离 ,检测波长 2 60nm。以HPLC与LC/MS复合定性蘑菇柄中5′ 核苷酸为 5′ 鸟苷酸、5′ 尿苷酸、5′ 腺苷酸和 5′ 胞苷酸。采用外标法定量 ,它们的回收率分别为98 9%、95 1 %、94 1 %和 1 0 1 4 % ,检测限分别为 2 8、2 .7、3.5和 4 .3mg/L。     

多壁碳纳米管/聚丙烯酸/MOF-5的制备及其N_2吸附性能

用化学修饰法制备出复合物多壁碳纳米管/聚丙烯酸(MWCNTs/PAA),用溶剂热法合成Zn4O(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate)3(MOF-5)和MWCNTs/PAA/MOF-5。通过XRD、FTIR、TG、HRTEM和比表面积和孔隙度分析仪对MWCNTs,MOF-5,MWCNTs/PAA和MWCNTs/PAA/MOF-5的结构和性质进行表征。结果表明:复合材料MWCNTs/PAA中PAA包覆在碳纳米管外壁上,含量为4.3%,在FTIR中有PAA特征官能团的吸收峰;MWCNTs/PAA/MOF-5和MOF-5的形貌一样,MWCNTs/PAA/MOF-5的热分解温度比MOF-5的提高了49℃;MOF-5和MWCNTs/PAA/MOF-5的N2吸附曲线为Ⅰ型,77 K和100 k Pa条件下,N2的吸附量达到最大值,分别为265、299.03 cm3·g-1。     

6-氯-4-哌嗪基喹唑啉缩氨基硫脲类化合物的合成及体外抗肿瘤活性

以5-氯-2-氨基苯甲酸和甲酰胺为起始原料,经环化、氯化、取代和缩合反应,合成了3个未见文献报道的含哌嗪的喹唑啉衍生物5a~5c。 其结构用1H NMR、13C NMR、ESI-MS及IR测试技术进行了表征。 采用MTT法测试了化合物5a~5c对人胃癌SGC-7901、人口腔表皮样癌KB和人纤维肉瘤HT-1080的体外抗肿瘤活性。 结果表明,化合物5a~5c对人胃癌SGC-7901和人纤维肉瘤HT-1080有弱的抑制活性,而对人口腔表皮样癌KB无明显抑制活性。     

5E教学模式在我国的教学实践及其国外研究进展评析

5E教学模式在国际科学教学中具有广泛应用,是当今重要的探究教学和概念转变的教学模式,在我国基础教育中也有较多的研究和实践。5E教学模式是一种基于建构主义的“学习环”模式,包括引入、探究、解释、精致和评价5个环节,每个环节都有专门的教学策略。系统地梳理了5E教学模式的起源、内涵及特征,对我国现有的基于5E教学模式的实践案例进行了深入分析,描述5E教学模式在我国的实践应用现状及其存在的问题,提出积极的改进建议,促进我国探究教学的深入推进。通过阐释5E教学模式的发展演变和研究进展,描绘今后的研究方向和内容。     

5-氟尿嘧啶短肽的合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究

5-氟尿嘧啶乙酸对-硝基苯酯和5-氟尿嘧啶丙酸对-硝基苯酯分别与三种二肽反应,制备了五个5-氟尿嘧啶二肽(4 a-e)。以5-氟尿嘧啶的氨基酸对-硝基苯酯(2 a-c)分别和三种二肽反应,制得四个5-氟尿嘧啶三肽(5 a-d)。产物经元素分析、NMR、IR和UV鉴定。初步动物试验表明:5-氟尿嘧啶丙酰甘-苯丙二肽,5-氟尿嘧啶乙酰甘-甘-苯丙三肽和5-氟尿嘧啶乙酰缬-亮-甘三肽对小白鼠移植性艾氏腹水癌有一定的抑制作用。     

As-5、[As5M]-、[As5MAs5]2- (M=Ti,Zr, Hf)的结构和芳香性

用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了As-5、[As5M]-和[As5MAs5]2- (M=Ti, Zr, Hf)的结构、频率、能量以及芳香性, 详细讨论了体系中不同类型的键和电子如化学键、孤对电子、核电子等对总的核独立化学位移(NICS)的影响. 结果表明, As-5、[As5M]-和[As5MAs5]2-的基态结构分别具有D5h、C5v和D5h对称性, 而且都具有芳香性. As-5 (D5h)的芳香性主要来源于As—As π键和As—As σ键的作用. [As5M]-(C5v)中各种As—M键的NICS分割值占主要优势, 其次是As—As之间形成的σ键. [As5TiAs5]2-(D5h)中, As—As π键的作用占主要优势. [As5ZrAs5]2-(D5h)中, As—As π键对体系总的NICS贡献相对减小, 而As—Zr键的作用增强. [As5HfAs5]2-(D5h)的芳香性主要来自As—Hf键的作用.     

四甲基吡嗪衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

以四甲基吡嗪、2,4-二氯-5-硝基嘧啶和取代苯硼酸为原料,经过6步反应合成了4个未见文献报道的2-(取代苯基)-4-((3′,5′,6′-三甲基吡嗪-2′-基)甲氧基)-5-氨基嘧啶衍生物(5a～5d),其结构经~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR、HR-MS等方法表征。对反应条件进行了优化,使用CCK8试剂盒测定5a～5d对人神经母瘤细胞和肝癌细胞增殖的抑制作用,结果表明:化合物5c和5d对SH-SY5Y、Hep G2细胞均有一定的生长抑制活性。     

五员碳环、氮环和磷环比较的量子化学研究

用密度泛函(DFT)理论中的B3LYP和从头算(abinitio)理论中UHF,在6-31G基组水平上,对五员碳环、氮环和磷环进行几何优化计算,由所得结果讨论了分子的成键情况,对两类环(一类是C5H5、N5、P5;另一类是C5H5-、N5-和P5-)的相对稳定性分别作比较。结果表明:有机五员碳环比无机五员氮环、磷环稳定,而五员氮环与五员磷环相比,磷环更稳定。     

Coupling of Biomolecular Logic Gates with Electronic Transducers: From Single Enzyme Logic Gates to Sense/Act/Treat Chips

The integration of biomolecular logic principles with electronic transducers allows designing novel digital biosensors with direct electrical output, logically triggered drug‐release, and closed‐loop sense/act/treat systems. This opens new opportunities for advanced personalized medicine in the context of theranostics. In the present work, we will discuss selected examples of recent developments in the field of interfacing enzyme logic gates with electrodes and semiconductor field‐effect devices. Special attention is given to an enzyme OR/Reset logic gate based on a capacitive field‐effect electrolyte‐insulator‐semiconductor sensor modified with a multi‐enzyme membrane. Further examples are a digital adrenaline biosensor based on an AND logic gate with binary YES/NO output and an integrated closed‐loop sense/act/treat system comprising an amperometric glucose sensor, a hydrogel actuator, and an insulin (drug) sensor.     

Mutant-Selective Allosteric EGFR Degraders are Effective Against a Broad Range of Drug-Resistant Mutations

Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through an allosteric mechanism provides a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome drug-resistant EGFR mutations that emerge within the ATP binding site. Here, we develop an allosteric EGFR degrader, DDC-01-163, which can selectively inhibit the proliferation of L858R/T790M (L/T) mutant Ba/F3 cells while leaving wildtype EGFR Ba/F3 cells unaffected. DDC-01-163 is also effective against osimertinib-resistant cells with L/T/C797S and L/T/L718Q EGFR mutations. When combined with an ATP-site EGFR inhibitor, osimertinib, the anti-proliferative activity of DDC-01-163 against L858R/T790M EGFR-Ba/F3 cells is enhanced. Collectively, DDC-01-163 is a promising allosteric EGFR degrader with selective activity against various clinically relevant EGFR mutants as a single agent and when combined with an ATP-site inhibitor. Our data suggests that targeted protein degradation is a promising drug development approach for mutant EGFR.     

双功能聚二甲基硅氧烷/铜纳米线复合薄膜的制备与性能

通过环境友好的葡萄糖模板法和改进的湿化学还原法制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷/铜纳米线(PDMS/CuNWs)复合薄膜, 其采用的“类夹心结构”有效解决了铜在空气中易氧化进而导致电导率大幅度下降的问题, 同时获得了具有优异电磁屏蔽和光热转化性能的双功能轻质柔性复合薄膜. CuNWs面密度为1.6 g/cm²的复合薄膜在重复弯折1000次后性能保持率最高可达99.07％; CuNWs面密度为2.4 g/cm²的复合薄膜在X波段下总电磁屏蔽效能达到30.1 dB, 屏蔽效率达到99.9％; 同时, 在2 W/cm²的近红外光照射下, 复合薄膜在仅加热15 s后其表面温度高达211.2 ℃, 具有十分快速的光热响应和转化效率.     

Mutant‐Selective Allosteric EGFR Degraders are Effective Against a Broad Range of Drug‐Resistant Mutations

Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through an allosteric mechanism provides a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome drug‐resistant EGFR mutations that emerge within the ATP binding site. Here, we develop an allosteric EGFR degrader, DDC‐01‐163, which can selectively inhibit the proliferation of L858R/T790M (L/T) mutant Ba/F3 cells while leaving wildtype EGFR Ba/F3 cells unaffected. DDC‐01‐163 is also effective against osimertinib‐resistant cells with L/T/C797S and L/T/L718Q EGFR mutations. When combined with an ATP‐site EGFR inhibitor, osimertinib, the anti‐proliferative activity of DDC‐01‐163 against L858R/T790M EGFR‐Ba/F3 cells is enhanced. Collectively, DDC‐01‐163 is a promising allosteric EGFR degrader with selective activity against various clinically relevant EGFR mutants as a single agent and when combined with an ATP‐site inhibitor. Our data suggests that targeted protein degradation is a promising drug development approach for mutant EGFR.     

基于密度泛函理论的燃煤飞灰未燃尽碳与烟气砷作用机理

基于密度泛函理论研究了燃煤飞灰中未燃尽碳（unburned carbon， UBC）组分对气态单质砷As及其氧化物AsO、AsO₂和As₂O₃的作用机理。结果表明，单质砷优先吸附于碳桥位，吸附能在（-5.95）-（-5.88） eV。AsO分子中的砷、氧原子分别与碳原子成键时，吸附构型最稳定，吸附能最低为-7.87 eV。当AsO₂在未燃尽碳表面解离形成一个AsO和表面活性氧时，体系最稳定，吸附能为-10.65 eV。当三角双锥As₂O₃分子以两个氧原子首先碰撞未燃尽碳表面时，将解离形成AsO和AsO₂小分子，并分别与表面碳成键，此时体系吸附能相较于未解离情形而言显著降低，达到-10.64 eV。飞灰未燃尽碳与AsO或AsO₂小分子的结合较紧密，局部倾向于形成特殊的五元环结构。毒性最强的三价态砷As₂O₃，相较于As、AsO和AsO₂而言，化学性质稳定，不易发生吸附。将其催化裂解为AsO、AsO₂小分子，有望成为可行的燃煤电厂烟气砷污染控制措施。     

Theoretical studies on the hydride transfer between 1-methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide and its corresponding pyridinium salt

MNDO and AMI studies were performed to investigate the degenerate hydride transfer reaction between 1-methyl-l,4-dihydronicotinamide and the 1-methylnicotinamide cation, a model system for a novel brain-targeted delivery system and for the NAD⁺ (ai) NADH interconversion. Four initial approach vectors were selected. These involved an endo orientation in which the carbamoyl groups are with respect to one another (cis H_S- ), an endo orientation with the carbamoyl groups (cis H_S-si), an exo configuration with the carbamoyl groups syn (trans H_S- ) and an exo configuration with the carbamoyl groups (trans H_S- ). The cis H_S- approach generated the transition state with the lowest energy. The optimized structure indicated that a linear hydride transfer occurred. A more detailed study examined the cis H_S- approach from a 100A separation to the transition state. The data indicated the formation of an intermediate induced dipole-charge complex which altered the trajectory of the two species. Closer approach yielded the transition state. The energy of activation for this reaction was calculated to be 30.7 kcal/mol using the MNDO approximation and 9.3 kcal/mol usihg the AMI method. Finally, while the linear transition state was found to be the most stable conformation, bending of the C-H-C bond by ± 30° only modestly increased (3–4 kcal/mol) the energy of the system.     

Versatile high-performance liquid chromatographic computer system for solvent delivery, gradient control and data acquisition using the Commodore 64 personal computer

An interface for a high-performance liquid chromatographic system based on the Commodore 64 personal computer has been designed as an alternative to the expensive and somewhat inflexible solvent programmers and data acquisition systems offered by commercial manufacturers. The system consists of the Commodore 64 with a single disk drive and monitor, and an interface that directly controls the flow-rates of two Waters pumps for solvent delivery in either isocratic or gradient mode, as well as analog-to-digital conversion of chromatographic data and either graphic data output to a dot-matrix printer or digital-to-analog conversion for output to a chart recorder. The interface permits computer-controlled flow-rates of up to 10.0 ml/min, with an accuracy of 0.0047 ml/min at flow-rates of 4.1 ml/min and an accuracy of 0.03 ml/min at flow-rates of 10 ml/min. The software for data analysis permits tabulation of elution times and areas for the peaks in a chromatogram with an option for baseline correction. The data are stored on floppy disks together with information pertinent to the chromatogram (flow-rate, solvent composition, etc.).     

Electrochemical study of single wall carbon nanotubes/graphene/ferritin composite for biofuel cell applications

A single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)/graphene/ferritin/GOx layer on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) acting as a biofuel cell anode was fabricated using a SWNTs/graphene/ferritin composite as an electron transfer mediator from the enzyme to the electrode. In the presence of glucose, the SWNTs/graphene/ferritin/GOx composite showed a higher current response than SWNTs/graphene/GOx composite and the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose on the anode increased linearly with increasing concentration of glucose. The highly distributed SWNTs/graphene/ferritin composite acts as a platform for enzyme immobilization resulted in an enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards glucose. The SWNTs/graphene/ferritin composite showed an enhanced electron transfer from enzyme to the electrode; therefore, SWNTs/graphene/ferritin/GOx composite can be used as an anode in biofuel cells.     

应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱建立茶叶中农药残留的筛查与确证方法

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF-MS),使用UNIFI软件建立91种农药残留的筛查与确证方法,进行定性方法验证并应用于流通市场中茶叶的筛查检测。通过对收集的农药认证标准物质(CRM)分析,构建91种农药化合物的质谱数据库。样品经乙腈提取,固相萃取柱净化,Acquity BEH C18色谱柱分离,在MS^E模式下进行全信息采集(ESI+), UNIFI软件对数据进行匹配分析。设置保留时间最大偏差为±0.1 min,精确质量偏差阈值为±5×10^-6,可识别加合物形式包括[M+H]⁺、[M+Na]⁺、[M+K]⁺、[M+NH₄]⁺。参照SANTE/11813/2017指南进行定性方法学验证。在21份茶叶样品中添加混合标准溶液至4个水平(0.01、0.05、0.10、0.20 mg/kg),确定每种农药在茶叶样品中的筛查检出限(SDL),共评估了1 911种农药/样品组合。发现有66种农药的SDL为0.01 mg/...     

NiY分子筛的合成及在微生物电解池阴极的析氢性能研究

在Na₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O体系中添加硝酸镍,采用导向剂法合成了NiY分子筛。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、N₂吸附-脱附等手段对合成的NiY分子筛进行了表征。结果表明,随着镍添加量的增加,结晶度和zeta电位呈先增大后减小的趋势。当Si/Ni （mol ratio）大于5时,硝酸镍对分子筛的形成具有促进作用,当Si/Ni （mol ratio）小于5时,则具有抑制作用。晶粒粒径为1.5-3 μm,形貌为凹槽结构的六方或四方柱型,且具有微孔-介孔多级孔道结构特征。通过循环伏安曲线和极化曲线测试,在Si/Ni （mol ratio）=5时,样品的氧化还原性能最强,过电势最小,电催化活性最高。在12 h内,每4 mg的Si/Ni （mol ratio）=5样品,产气总量为10.1 mL,氢气纯度达81.69%,与Pt电极相比其氢气产量提高了28%。NiY分子筛表现出良好的析氢催化活性,有望取代Pt成为MEC新型阴极材料。