Ae2Sb2X4F2 (Ae = Sr, Ba): new members of the homologous series Ae2M(1+n)X(3+n)F2 designed from rock salt and fluorite 2D building blocks

We have designed new compounds within the homologous series Ae2F2M(1+n)X(3+n) (Ae = Sr, Ba; M = main group metal; n = integer) built up from the stacking of 2D building blocks of rock salt and fluorite types. By incrementally increasing the size of the rock salt 2D building blocks, we have obtained two new n = 1 members of this homologous series, namely, Sr2F2Sb2Se4 and Ba2F2Sb2Se4. We then succeeded in synthesizing these compounds using a high-temperature ceramic method. The structure refinements from the powder or single-crystal X-ray diffraction data confirmed presence of the expected alternating stacking of fluorite [Ae2F2] (Ae = Sr, Ba) and rock salt [Sb2Se4] 2D building blocks. However the Ba derivative shows a strong distortion of the [Sb2Se4] block and a concomitant change of the Sb atom coordination likely related to the lone-pair activity.     

Field dependence of mobilities for gas-phase-protonated monomers and proton-bound dimers of ketones by planar field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometer (PFAIMS)

The dependence of the mobilities of gas-phase ions on electric fields from 0 to 90 Td at ambient pressure was determined for protonated monomers [(MH+(H2O)n] and proton bound dimers [M2H+(H2O)n] for a homologous series of normal ketones, from acetone to decanone (M=C3H6O to C10H20O). This dependence was measured as the normalized function of mobility alpha (E/N) using a planar field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometer (PFAIMS) and the ions were mass-identified using a PFAIMS drift tube coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. Methods are described to obtain alpha (E/N) from the measurements of compensation voltage versus amplitude of an asymmetric waveform of any shape. Slopes of alpha for MH+ versus E/N were monotonic from 0 to 90 Td for acetone, butanone, and pentanone. Plots for ketones from hexanone to octanone exhibited plateaus at high fields. Nonanone and decanone showed plots with an inversion of slope above 70 Td. Proton bound dimers for ketones with carbon numbers greater than five exhibited slopes for alpha versus E/N, which decreased continuously with increasing E/N. These findings are the first alpha values for ions from a homologous series under atmosphere pressure and are preliminary to explanations of alpha (E/N) with ion structure.     

Synthesis and photophysical properties of silicon phthalocyanines with axial siloxy ligands bearing alkylamine termini

Eleven silicon phthalocyanines which can be grouped into two homologous series [SiPc[OSi(CH3)2(CH2)(n)N(CH3)2]2, n = 1-6 (series 1), and SiPc[OSi(CH3)2(CH2)3N((CH2)(n)H)2]2, n = 1-6 (series 2)] as well as an analogous phthalocyanine, SiPc[OSi(CH3)2(CH2)3NH2]2, were synthesized. The ground state absorption spectra, the triplet state dynamics, and singlet oxygen quantum yields of 10 of these phthalocyanines were measured. All compounds displayed similar ground state absorption spectral properties in dimethylformamide solution with single Q band maxima at 668 +/- 2 nm and B band maxima at 352 +/- 1 nm. Photoexcitation of all compounds in the B bands generated the optical absorptions of the triplet states which decayed with lifetimes in the hundreds of microseconds region. Oxygen quenching bimolecular rate constants near 2 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) were measured, indicating that energy transfer to oxygen was exergonic. Singlet oxygen quantum yields, phi(delta), were measured, and those phthalocyanines in which the axial ligands are terminated by dimethylamine residues at the end of alkyl chains having four or more methylene links exhibited yields near > or = 0.35. Others gave singlet oxygen quantum yields near 0.2, and still others showed singlet oxygen yields of <0.1. The reduced singlet oxygen yields are probably caused by a charge transfer quenching of the 1pi,pi* state of the phthalocyanine by interaction with the lone pair electrons on the nitrogen atoms of the amine termini. In some cases, these can approach and interact with the electronically excited pi-framework, owing to diffusive motions of the flexible oligo-methylene tether.     

Synthesis of trimethylhydroquinone derivatives as anti-allergic agents with anti-oxidative actions

A novel series of trimethylhydroquinone derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their anti-lipid peroxidation activity in rat liver microsomes, inhibition of rat basophilic leukemia-1 (RBL-1) cell 5-lipoxygenase and 48 h homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) activity in rats. 4-[4-[4-(Diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-butoxy]-2,3,6-trimethyl phenol (9c) exhibited the ability to inhibit Fe(3+)-ADP induced NADPH dependent lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 5.3 x 10(-7) M), 5-lipoxygenase ((IC50 = 3.5 x 10(-7) M) and PCA reaction (57% inhibition at 100 mg/kg p.o.).     

Efficient synthesis of high molar mass, first- to fourth-generation distributed dendronized polymers by the macromonomer approach

A homologous series of first- to fourth-generation (G1-G4) dendronized macromonomers, 5, 7, 10, and 12, was synthesized, and their polymerization behavior under radical conditions investigated. These conditions were thermally induced radical polymerization (TRP) and atom-transfer radical poymerization (ATRP). TRP was applied to all monomers and gave polymers PG1-PG4, whose molar masses range from several millions for PG1 to estimated several hundreds of thousands for PG2 and PG3, and to the oligomeric regime for PG4. ATRP was applied only to the G1 and G2 monomers 5 and 7. Kinetic studies on monomer 5 provide evidence that its polymerization proceeds in a controlled fashion. The highest monomer-to-initiator ratios which still gave monomodal molar mass distributions were 300:1 (for 5) and 100:1 (for 7), which correspond to achievable molar mass regime for PG1 and PG2 of approximately M(n)=100 000 (DP(calcd)(PG1)=200, DP(calcd)(PG2)=90). The polydispersities lie in the usual range (PDI=1.1-1.2). The molar masses were determined by GPC in DMF with calibration against absolute molar masses of PG1 determined by light scattering.     

Cs1-xSn1-xBi9+Se15 and Cs1.5-3xBi9.5+xSe15: members of the homologous superseries Am[M1+lSe2+l]2m[M1 + 2l+nSe3 + 3l+n] (A = alkali metal,M = Sn and Bi) allowing structural evolution in three different dimensions

Cs1-xSn1-xBi9+xSe15 and Cs1.5-3xBi9.5+xSe15 crystallize in a new structure type which does not belong to but is closely related to the members of the homologous series Am[M6-Se8]m[M5+nSe9+n]; the new phases reveal a third dimension of structural evolution for this series according to the formula Am[M1+lSe2+l]2m[M1 + 2l + nSe3 + 3l+n].     

Change in rate-determining step in an E1cB mechanism during aminolysis of sulfamate esters in acetonitrile

The kinetics of the reactions of the nitrogen-sulfur(VI) esters 4-nitrophenyl N-methylsulfamate (NPMS) with a series of pyridines and a series of alicyclic amines and of 4-nitrophenyl N-benzylsulfamate (NPBS) with pyridines, alicyclic amines, and a series of quinuclidines have been investigated in acetonitrile (ACN) in the presence of excess amine at various temperatures. Pseudo-first-order rate constants (k(obsd)) have been obtained by monitoring the release of 4-nitrophenol/4-nitrophenoxide. From the slope of a plot of k(obsd) vs [amine], second-order rate constants (k'(2)) have been obtained for the pyridinolysis of NPMS, and a Br?nsted plot of log k'(2) vs pK(a) of pyridine gave a straight line with beta = 0.45. However, aminolysis with alicyclic amines of NPMS gave a biphasic Br?nsted plot (beta(1) = 0.6, beta(2) approximately equal to 0). Pyridinolysis and aminolysis with alicyclic amines and quinuclidines of NPBS also gave similar biphasic Br?nsted plots. This biphasic behavior has been explained in terms of a mechanistic change within the E1cB mechanism from an (E1cB)(irrev) (less basic amines) to an (E1cB)(rev) (more basic amines), and the change occurs at approximately the pK(a)'s (in ACN) of NPMS (17.94) and NPBS (17.68). The straight line Br?nsted plot for NPMS with pyridines occurs because the later bases are not strong enough to substantially remove the substrate proton and initiate the mechanistic change observed in the reaction of NPMS with the strong alicyclic amines and quinuclidines. An entropy study supports the change from a bimolecular to a unimolecular mechanism. This is the first clear demonstration of this E1cB mechanistic changeover involving a nitrogen acid substrate.     

Lanthanide borohydride complexes supported by diaminobis(phenoxide) ligands for the polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone and L- and rac-lactide

Reaction of Na2O2NN' [H2O2NN' = (2-C5H4N)CH2N[2-HO-3,5-C6H2(t)Bu2]2] with M(BH4)3(THF)3 afforded the dimeric, rare-earth borohydride compounds [M(O2NN')(mu-BH4)(THF)n]2 [M = Y(III), n = 0.5 (1-Y); M = NdIII, n = 1 (1-Nd); M = SmIII, n = 0 (1-Sm)]. For comparison the chloride analogues [M(O2NN')(mu-Cl)(THF)n]2 (2-M; M = La(III) or Sm(III), n = 0; M = Nd(III), n = 1) and the corresponding pyridine adducts [M(O2NN')(mu-X)(py)]2 [X = BH4 (3-M) or Cl (4-M); M = La(III), Nd(III), or Sm(III)] were prepared and structurally characterized for 4-La. Compounds 1-M initiated the ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone. The best molecular weight control (suppression of chain transfer) for all three monomers was found for the samarium system 1-Sm. The most effective heterotactic enrichment (Pr) in the polymerization of rac-lactide was found for 1-Y (P(r) = 87%). Compound 1-Nd catalyzed the block copolymerization of epsilon-caprolactone and L- and rac-lactide provided that epsilon-caprolactone was added first. Attempted block polymerization by the addition of L-lactide first, or random copolymerization of a ca. 1:1 mixture of epsilon-caprolactone and L-lactide, gave only a poly(L-lactide) homopolymer.     

Synthesis, structural characterization, and ligand replacement reactions of gem-dithiolato-bridged rhodium and iridium complexes

The reaction of gem-dithiol compounds R 2C(SH) 2 (R = Bn (benzyl), (i) Pr; R 2 = -(CH 2) 4-) with dinuclear rhodium or iridium complexes containing basic ligands such as [M(mu-OH)(cod)] 2 and [M(mu-OMe)(cod)] 2, or the mononuclear [M(acac)(cod)] (M = Rh, Ir, cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) in the presence of a external base, afforded the dinuclear complexes [M 2(mu-S 2CR 2)(cod) 2] ( 1- 4). The monodeprotonation of 1,1-dimercaptocyclopentane gave the mononuclear complex [Rh(HS 2Cptn)(cod)] ( 5) that is a precursor for the dinuclear compound [Rh 2(mu-S 2Cptn)(cod) 2] ( 6). Carbonylation of the diolefin compounds gave the complexes [Rh 2(mu-S 2CR 2)(CO) 4] ( 7- 9), which reacted with P-donor ligands to stereoselectively produce the trans isomer of the disubstituted complexes [Rh 2(mu-S 2CR 2)(CO) 2(PR' 3) 2] (R' = Ph, Cy (cyclohexyl)) ( 10- 13) and [Rh 2(mu-S 2CBn 2)(CO) 2{P(OR') 3} 2] (R' = Me, Ph) ( 14- 15). The substitution process in [Rh 2(mu-S 2CBn 2)(CO) 4] ( 7) by P(OMe) 3 has been studied by spectroscopic means and the full series of substituted complexes [Rh 2(mu-S 2CBn 2)(CO) 4- n {P(OR) 3} n ] ( n = 1, 4) has been identified in solution. The cis complex [Rh 2(mu-S 2CBn 2)(CO) 2(mu-dppb)] ( 16) was obtained by reaction of 7 with the diphosphine dppb (1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane). The molecular structures of the diolefinic dinuclear complexes [Rh 2(mu-S 2CR 2)(cod) 2] (R = Bn ( 1), (i) Pr ( 2); R 2 = -(CH 2) 4- ( 6)) and that of the cis complex 16 have been studied by X-ray diffraction.     

Triazenide complexes of the heavier alkaline earths: synthesis, characterization, and suitability for hydroamination catalysis

A series of triazenide complexes of the heavier alkaline earths, Ca, Sr and Ba, have been synthesized by either protonolysis or salt metathesis routes. Although complexes of the form [{Ar 2N 3}M{N(SiMe 3) 2}(THF) n ] (M = Ca, n = 2; M = Sr, n = 3; Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) and [{Ar 2N 3}Ca(I)(THF) 2] 2 could be isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography, solution studies revealed the propensity of these species to undergo Schlenk-like redistribution with the formation of [{Ar 2N 3} 2M(THF) n ] (M = Ca, n = 1; M = Sr, n = 2). The latter compounds have been synthesized independently. In the case of the large barium dication, attempts to synthesize the heaviest analogue of the series, [{Ar 2N 3} 2Ba(THF) n ], failed and led instead to the isolation of the potassium barate complex [K{Ar 2N 3}Ba{N(SiMe 3) 2} 2(THF) 4]. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies demonstrated that, although in all the aforementioned cases the triazenide ligand binds to the electrophilic group 2 metal centers via symmetrical kappa (2)- N, N-chelates, in the latter compound an unprecedented bridging mode is observed in which the triazenide ligand coordinates through both terminal and internal nitrogen centers. A series of density-functional theory computational experiments have been undertaken to assist in our understanding of this phenomenon. In further experiments, the calcium and strontium amide derivatives [{Ar 2N 3}M{N(SiMe 3) 2}(THF) n ] (M = Ca, n = 2; M = Sr, n = 3) proved to be catalytically active for the intramolecular hydroamination of 1-amino-2,2-diphenylpent-4-ene to form 2-methyl-4,4-diphenylpyrrolidine, with the calcium species demonstrating a higher turnover number than the strontium analogue ( 2a, TOF = 500 h (-1); 2b, TOF = 75 h (-1)). In these instances, because of ambiguities in the structural charcterization of the precatalyst in solution, such quantification holds little value and detailed catalytic studies have not been conducted.     

New benzo[h]quinoline-based ligands and their pincer Ru and Os complexes for efficient catalytic transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds

New benzo[h]quinoline ligands (HCN'N) containing a CHRNH2 (R=H (a), Me (b), tBu (c)) function in the 2-position were prepared starting from benzo[h]quinoline N-oxide (in the case of ligand a) and 2-chlorobenzo[h]quinoline (for ligands b and c). These compounds were used to prepare ruthenium and osmium complexes, which are excellent catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation (TH) of ketones. The reaction of a with [RuCl2(PPh3)3] in 2-propanol at reflux afforded the terdentate CN'N complex [RuCl(CN'N)(PPh3)2] (1), whereas the complexes [RuCl(CN'N)(dppb)] (2-4; dppb=Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2) were obtained from [RuCl2(PPh3)(dppb)] with a-c, respectively. Employment of (R,S)-Josiphos, (S,R)-Josiphos*, (S,S)-Skewphos, and (S)-MeO-Biphep in combination with [RuCl2(PPh3)3] and ligand a gave the chiral derivatives [RuCl(CN'N)(PP)] (5-8). The osmium complex [OsCl(CN'N)(dppb)] (12) was prepared by treatment of [OsCl2(PPh3)3] with dppb and ligand a. Reaction of the chloride 2 and 12 with NaOiPr in 2-propanol/toluene afforded the hydride complexes [MH(CN'N)(dppb)] (M=Ru 10, Os 14), through elimination of acetone from [M(OiPr)(CN'N)(dppb)] (M=Ru 9, Os 13). The species 9 and 13 easily reacted with 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone, via 10 and 14, respectively, affording the corresponding isolable alkoxides [M(OR)(CN'N)(dppb)] (M=Ru 11, Os 15). The complexes [MX(CN'N)(P2)] (1-15) (M=Ru, Os; X=Cl, H, OR; P=PPh3 and P2=diphosphane) are efficient catalysts for the TH of carbonyl compounds with 2-propanol in the presence of NaOiPr (2 mol %). Turnover frequency (TOF) values up to 1.8x10(6) h(-1) have been achieved using 0.02-0.001 mol % of catalyst. Much the same activity has been observed for the Ru--Cl, --H, --OR, and the Os--Cl derivatives, whereas the Os--H and Os--OR derivatives display significantly lower activity on account of their high oxygen sensitivity. The chiral Ru complexes 5-8 catalyze the asymmetric TH of methyl-aryl ketones with TOF approximately 10(5) h(-1) at 60 degrees C, up to 97 % enatiomeric excess (ee) and remarkably high productivity (0.005 mol % catalyst loading). High catalytic activity (TOF up to 2.2x10(5) h(-1)) and enantioselectivity (up to 98 % ee) have also been achieved with the in-situ-generated catalysts prepared from [MCl2(PPh3)3], (S,R)-Josiphos or (S,R)-Josiphos*, and the benzo[h]quinoline ligands a-c.     

Design of new heteroscorpionate ligands and their coordinative ability toward Group 4 transition metals; an efficient synthetic route to obtain enantiopure ligands

The reaction of different types of bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane derivatives with Bu(n)Li and alkyl or aryl-containing-isocyanates or isothiocyanates, some of these as chiral reagents, gives rise to the preparation of new heteroscorpionate ligands in the form of the lithium derivatives [Li(NNE)]2 (1-10), although a similar process with trimethylsilyl isocyanate or isothiocyanate gave the complexes [Li(NCX)(bdmpzs)(THF)](X = O, 11; X = S, 12)[bdmpzs = bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)trimethylsilylmethane]. Compounds 1-8 reacted with [TiCl4(THF)2] or [MCl4](M = Zr, Hf) to give a series of cationic complexes [MCl3{kappa3-NNE(H)}]Cl (13-36) where the heteroscorpionate ligand contains either an acetamide or thioacetamide group resulting from the protonation of the corresponding acetamidate or thioacetamidate. However, under appropriate experimental conditions neutral Ti complexes were isolated-namely [TiClx(NMe2)3-x(S-mbbpam)](37-39)[S-mbbpam =(S)-(-)-N-alpha-methylbenzyl-2,2-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetamidate]. Finally, two alkoxide-containing titanium complexes [TiClx(OR)3-x(S-mbbpamH)]Cl (40-41) were also prepared. The structures of these complexes have been determined by spectroscopic methods and, in addition, the X-ray crystal structures of 1, 12, and 19 were also established.     

'Pincer' dicarbene complexes of some early transition metals and uranium

The complexes [(C-N-C)MX(n)(thf)(m)] with the 'pincer' 2,6-bis(imidazolylidene)pyridine, (C-N-C) = 2,6-bis(arylimidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine, aryl = 2,6-Pr(i)2C6H3, M = V, X = Cl, n = 2, m = 1 1a; M = Cr, X = Cl, n = 2, m = 0, 2a, X = Br, 2b; M = Mn, X = Br, n = 2, m = 0, 3; M = Nb, X = Cl, n = 3, m = 0, 4; and M = U, X = Cl, n = 4, m = 0, 5, were synthesised by (a) substitution of labile tmed (1a), thf (2a, 3, 5) or dme (4) by free (C-N-C) or by (b) reaction of the bisimidazolium salt (CH-N-CH)Br2 with {Cr[N(SiMe3)2]2(thf)2} followed by amine elimination (2b). Attempted alkylation of 1a, 2, 3a and 4 with Grignard or alkyl lithiums gave intractable mixtures, and in one case [reaction of 1a with (mesityl)MgBr] resulted in exchange of Cl by Br (1b). Oxidation of 1a or [(C-N-C)VCl3] with 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide afforded the trans-V(C-N-C)(=O)Cl2, 6, which by reaction with AgBF4 in MeCN gave trans-[V(C-N-C)(=O)(MeCN)2][BF4]2, 7. Reaction of 1a with p-tolyl azide gave trans-V(C-N-C)(=N-p-tolyl)Cl2 8. The complex trans-Ti(C-N-C)(=NBu(t))Cl2, 9, was prepared by substitution of the pyridine ligands in Ti(NBu(t))Cl2(py)3 by C-N-C.     

study of liquid crystalline N -[4-(4- n -alkoxybenzoyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzylidene]methylanilines

New homologous series of N -[4-(4- n -alkoxybenzoyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzylidene]methylanilines [ n AH m M( n =1-8/10; m =2: ortho , m =3: meta , m =4: para )] were synthesized. They exhibited a nematic phase except for 1AH3M. The temperature dependence of their Raman spectra was observed in the spectral range of 900-1700 cm -1 . In one group of n AH m M compounds, the Raman band at about 1360 cm -1 abruptly decreased in intensity and wavenumber when the crystalline solid-liquid crystal phase transition was approached. In another group, the corresponding band increased through the phase transition. The bands have been assigned to the coupling mode between the in-plane CCH deformational vibration and the ring-N stretching vibration. Such a behaviour can be explained by the molecular conformation with different twist angles of the aniline ring in relation to the Schiff 's base plane of the molecule. Some n AH m Ms exhibited photochromism.     

Ruthenium(II) complexes of 2-benzoylpyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones with cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell lines

Reaction of [RuCl(3)(dppb)H(2)O] (dppb=1,4 bis(diphenylphospine)butane) with 2-benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (H2Bz4DH) and its N(4)-methyl (H2Bz4M) and N(4)-phehyl (H2Bz4Ph) derivatives gave [RuCl(dppb)(H2Bz4DH)]Cl (1), [RuCl(dppb)(H2Bz4M)]Cl (2) and [RuCl(dppb)(H2Bz4Ph)]Cl (3). The cytotoxic activity of the studied compounds was tested against the MCF-7, TK-10 and UACC-62 human tumor cell lines. The precursor [RuCl(3)(dppb)H(2)O] exhibits cytocidal activity against the tree cell lines. H2BzDH, H2Bz4M, and [RuCl(dppb)(H2Bz4M)]Cl (2) show a selective cytocidal effect against the UACC-62 cell line which makes them the most promising compounds.     

Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and DFT study of C60(CF3)n frontier orbitals (n = 2-18): the link between double bonds in pentagons and reduction potentials

The frontier orbitals of 22 isolated and characterized C(60)(CF(3))(n) derivatives, including seven reported here for the first time, have been investigated by electronic spectroscopy (n = 2 [1], 4 [1], 6 [2], 8 [5], 10 [6], 12 [3]; the number of isomers for each composition is shown in square brackets) fluorescence spectroscopy (n = 10 [4]), cyclic voltammetry under air-free conditions (all compounds with n 相似文献   

Peripheral SH-functionalisation of carbosilane dendrimers including the synthesis of the model compound dimethylbis(propanethiol)silane and their interaction with rhodium complexes

Treatment of the allyl-containing compounds Me2Si(CH2CHCH2)2 and MeSi(CH2CHCH2)3 with thioacetic acid in the presence of AIBN gave Me2Si[(CH2)3SC(O)CH3]2 and MeSi[(CH2)3SC(O)CH3]3, respectively, which were reduced with LiAlH4 to the dithiols Me2Si[(CH2)3SH]2(3) and MeSi[(CH2)3SH]3(4). This protocol was applied to the first and second generations of the doubly and triply-branched carbosilane allyl dendrimers, Si[(CH2)3SiMe(CH2CHCH2)2]4(G(1)allyl-8), Si[(CH2)3SiMe{(CH2)3SiMe(CH2CHCH2)2}2]4(G(2)allyl-16), Si[(CH2)3Si(CH2CHCH2)3]4(G(1)allyl-12), and Si[(CH2)3Si{(CH2)3Si(CH2CHCH2)3}3]4(G(2)allyl-36) to give the corresponding SH functionalised surface dendrimers Si[(CH2)3SiMe(CH2CH2CH2SH)2]4(G(1)SH-8), G(2)SH-16, G(1)SH-12, and G(2)SH-36. Reactions of 3 with [M(acac)(diolefin)](M = Rh, Ir; diolefin = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, 2,5-norbornadiene) gave the compounds of the type [M2(mu-Me2Si[(CH2)3S]2)(diolefin)2]n. These diolefin complexes are octanuclear (n= 4) in solution while the complex [Rh2(mu-Me2Si[(CH2)3S]2)(cod)2]n(5) is tetranuclear in the solid state. The structure of 5, solved by X-ray diffraction methods, consists of a 20-membered metallomacrocycle formed by two dimethylbis(propylthiolate)silane moieties bridging four fragments Rh(cod) in a mu2 fashion through the sulfur atoms. Treatment of [Rh(acac)(CO)2] with 3 gave [Rh2(mu-Me2Si[(CH2)3S]2)(CO)4]n, which is a mixture of tetra (n= 2) and octanuclear (n= 4) complexes in a 2 : 1 ratio in solution, while the related complex [Rh2(mu-Me2Si[(CH2)3S]2)(CO)2(PPh3)2]2 is tetranuclear. Reactions of [Rh(acac)(L-L)](L-L = cod, (CO)2, (CO)(PPh3)) with 4 and the dendrimers G(1)SH-8, G(2)SH-16, and G(1)SH-12, gave microcrystalline solids of formulae [Rh3(MeSi[(CH2)3S]3)(L-L)3]n, [Si[(CH2)3SiMe{(CH2)3SRh(cod)}2]4]n([G(1)Rh(cod)-8]n), [Si[(CH2)3Si{(CH2)3SRh(cod)}3]4]n([G(1)Rh(cod)-12]n), etc., which presumably are tridimensional coordination polymers.     

Synthesis and structures of selected triazapentadienate of Li, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu(I), and Cu(II) using 2,4-N,N'-disubstituted 1,3,5-triazapentadienate anions as ancillary ligands: [N(Ar)C(NMe2)NC(NMe2)N(R)](-) (Ar = Ph, 2,6-(i)Pr2-C6H3; R = H, SiMe3)

Addition reaction of ArN(SiMe 3)M (Ar = Ph or 2,6 - (i) Pr 2-C 6H 3 (Dipp); M = Li or Na) to 2 equivalents of alpha-hydrogen-free nitrile RCN (R = dimethylamido) gave the dimeric [M{N(Ar)C(NMe 2)NC(NMe 2)N(SiMe 3)}] 2 ( 1a, Ar = Ph, M = Li; 1b, Ar = Ph, M = Na; 1c, Ar = Dipp, M = Li). 1d was obtained by hydrolysis of 1c at ambient temperature. Treatment of a double ratio of 1a or 1b with anhydrous MCl 2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) yielded the 1,3,5-triazapentadienato complexes [M{N(Ph)C(NMe 2)NC(NMe 2)N(SiMe 3)} 2] (M = Mn, 2; Fe, 3; Co, 4) and with NiCl 2.6H 2O gave [M{N(Ph)C(NMe 2)NC(NMe 2)N(H)} 2] (M = Ni, 5). Treatment of an equiv of 1c with anhydrous CuCl in situ and in air led to complexes [{N(Dipp)C(NMe 2)NC(NMe 2)N(SiMe 3)}CuPPh 3] 6 and [Cu{N(Dipp)C(NMe 2)NC(NMe 2)N(H)} 2] 7, respectively. 1c, 1d, and 2- 7 were characterized by X-ray crystallography and microanalysis. 1c, 1d, 5, and 6 were well characterized by (1)H, (13)C NMR, 1c by (7)Li, and 6 by (31)P NMR as well. The structural features of these complexes were described in detail.     

Group 11 complexes with unsymmetrical P,S and P,Se disubstituted ferrocene ligands

The reaction of the unsymmetrical ligands 1-diphenylphosphino-1'-(phenylsulfanyl)ferrocene and 1-diphenylphosphino-1'-(phenylselenyl)ferrocene, Fc(EPh)PPh2(E = S, Se), with several group 11 metal derivatives leads to the synthesis of complexes of the type [MX{Fc(EPh)PPh2}](M = Au, X = Cl, C6F5; M = Ag, X = OTf), (OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate), [M{Fc(EPh)PPh2}2]X (M = Au, X = ClO4; M = Ag, X = OTf), [M(PPh3){Fc(EPh)PPh2}]OTf (M = Au, Ag), [Au2{Fc(SPh)PPh2}2](ClO4)2, [Au(C6F5)2{Fc(SePh)PPh2}]ClO4, [Au(C6F5)3{Fc(EPh)PPh2}], [Au2(C6F5)6{Fc(SePh)PPh2}] or [Cu{Fc(EPh)PPh2}2]PF6(E = S, Se). In these complexes coordination depends upon the metal centre; with gold it takes place predominantly to the phosphorus atom and with silver and copper to both phosphorus and chalcogen atoms. The treatment of some of the gold complexes with other metal centres affords heterometallic derivatives that in some cases are in equilibrium with the homometallic derivatives. Several compounds have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, four pairs of homologous compounds, yet not a single pair is isotypic. In many of them a three dimensional network is formed through secondary bonds such as hydrogen bonds, Au...Cl or Au...Se interactions. The complex [Ag(OTf){Fc(SePh)PPh2}] forms one-dimensional chains through trifluoromethanesulfonate bridging ligands.     

LC Separation and Online MS Characterization of Saturated and Unsaturated Alginic Acid Oligomers

We report the complete separation and characterization by online high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) of fully saturated alginic acid (AA) oligosaccharides from DP1 to beyond DP23, obtained by a chemical process, and unsaturated oligomers from DP1 to DP10, produced by lyase treatment. A series of negatively charged species of different m/z ratio are seen for each oligosaccharide. Smaller AA species, from DP1 to DP4, mainly furnish [M–H]^? anions whereas the DP5 to DP9-10 oligomers predominantly exist as the 2- charge state. The AA oligomers from DP10 to DP17 are mainly represented by the [M–3H]^3? anions whereas species from DP18 to DP23 are characterized by the 4? charge state. Online LC-ESI-MS enabled separation and simultaneous characterization of complex saturated and unsaturated AA oligomer mixtures without previous sample treatment, in particular extensive removal of salts to obtain species compatible with ESI-MS.