铜在氨水介质铁氰化钾抛光液中CMP的电化学行为研究

应用电化学测试技术研究了介质浓度（包括pH值）和成膜剂浓度对铜表面成膜及铜抛光过程的影响，探讨了成膜厚度及其致密性与抛光压力、抛光转速的关系，考察了压力及转速对抛光过程的作用，找出影响抛光过程及抛光速率的电化学变量。用腐蚀电位及腐蚀电流密度的变化解释了抛光过程的电化学机理，通过成膜速率及除膜速率的对比得出抛光过程的控制条件。证明了在氨水溶液介质中、以铁氰化钾为成膜剂、纳米γ-Al2O3为磨粒的抛光液配方是可行的，其抛光控制条件为压力10psi、转速300r/min。     

高碘酸盐氧化硫脲的非线性动力学行为和机理

在酸性介质中,高碘酸盐氧化硫脲的非线性反应呈现多种不同的化学计量方程 式。当[KIO_4]_0/[SC(NH_2)_2]_0 > 4时,计量方程为4IO_4~- + SC(NH_2)_2 + 3H_2O = 4IO_3~- + SO_4~(2-) + CO_3~(2-) + 2H~+ + 2NH_4~+;当[KIO_4]_0/ [SC(NH_2)_2]_0 = 8:7时,计量方程为8IO_4~- + 7SC(NH_2)_2 + 17H_2O = 4I_2 + 7SO_4~(2-) + 7CO_3~(2-) + 6H~+ + 14NH_4~+;而当[KIO_4]_0/[SC(NH_2)_2] _0 < 1时,反应的主要计量方程为IO_4~- + 4SC(NH_2)_2 + 8H_2O = I~- + 4S + 4CO_3~(2-) + 8NH_4~+。同时反应体系在氧化剂过量的条件下碘钟产生的诱导期 与1/[H~+]~2成正比;而当还原剂过量时,体系I_2逐渐累积至极值的诱导期与体系 初始pH呈线性关系。运用包含质子平衡反应、碘化合物自身反应、碘化合物-硫化 合物反应以及硫-硫反应的15步反应机理较好地模拟出封闭体系中pH,[I~-]以及 [I_2]的准振荡行为。     

苦丁茶中总黄酮的三波长-光谱法定量分析

采用三波长 分光光度法测定苦丁茶中有效化学成分黄酮的含量 ,有效地消除了吸收峰不对称给定量分析能造成的影响 ,并校正了基于干扰组分 (饮料中添加剂等 )的吸收光谱具有可能是散射造成的背景线性吸收产生的基线倾斜。回归方程为 :ΔA =- 3.70 2× 1 0 -3 +3.70 2 3C ,相关系数r =0 .9994 ,黄酮的浓度在6 0 0～ 1 6 0 0mg/L范围内 ,分别在波长为λ1 =4 70nm ,λ2 =4 2 0nm ,λ3 =370nm处测吸光度时 ,则ΔA与浓度C之间呈良好的线性关系 ,可按标准曲线法进行定量分析。方法的回收率为 98%～ 1 1 2 % ,相对标准偏差小于1 1 4 %。方法的准确度与精密度均令人满意 ,而且操作简便易行     

高度对称的氟代锗酸盐超分子化合物(NH_4)_2GeF_6·H_2O的溶剂热合成及其晶体结构

化合物(NH_4)_2GeF_6·H_2O由GeO_2,NH_4VO_3和HF在吡啶-水体系中低温溶剂 热条件下合成,并用IR、元素分析、TG-DTA和X射线单晶衍射进行了表征。化合物 属立方晶系,空间群为Fm3m, a=0.9118(2)nm,β=90°,V=0.7580(3)nm~3,Z=1, D_c=2.021g/cm~3,F(000)=432,R_1=0.0612, wR_2=0.1510。晶体结构中包含4个 GeF_6,4个H_2O和8个孤立的NH_4~+离子。其中晶格水的引入导致了GeF_6~(2-)八面 体为O_h对称性;进而GeF_6和H_2O通过强烈的F…H-O氢键链接成-3D具有0. 6559nm*0.6559nm*0.6559nm空腔的栅格状骨架的超分子(NH_4)_2GeF_6·H_2O化合 物。NH_4~+位于栅格的中心,以静电引力与GeF_6~(2-)作用,进一步稳定了3D超分 子网络。     

白光LED用KCaPO4:Eu3+红色荧光粉制备及其发光特性

采用高温固相法制备了KCaPO4:Eu3+红色发光材料,研究了Eu3+掺杂浓度、电荷补偿剂等对材料发光性质的影响.结果显示,在397 nm近紫外光激发下,材料呈多峰发射,分别由Eu3+的5D0→7FJ(J=0,1,2,3,4)能级跃迁产生,主峰为613 nm;监测613 nm发射峰,所得激发光谱由O2-→Eu3+电荷迁移带(200～350 nm)和f-f高能级跃迁吸收带(350～450 nm)组成,主峰为397 nm.Eu3+离子的最佳掺杂浓度为5%(摩尔分数);浓度猝灭机制为电偶极-电偶极相互作用.添加电荷补偿剂Li+,Na+,K+或Cl-后,可提高KCaPO4:Eu3+材料的发射强度,其中以添加Li+时,效果最明显.     

高氯酸镧甘氨酸水体系及其新相中配合物La(Gly)_3(ClO_4)_3·2H_2O结构的研究

测定了La(ClO_4)_3-Gly-H_2O在25℃时体系的溶度,并绘制了相应的溶度图.体系中形成了2个新配合物La(Gly)_3(ClO_4)_(3)·2H_2O(Ⅰ)和La(Gly)_4(ClO_4)_3(Ⅱ).(Ⅰ)为固液异成分溶解、(Ⅱ)为固液同成分溶解的化合物,同时以相图为依据合成并培养了配合物(Ⅰ)的单晶,测定了晶体结构,其化学式为(La_2(Gly)_6(H_2O)_4]·6ClO_4,晶体属三斜晶系,P1空间群,每个晶胞中有2个化学式量.晶胞参数:a=1.0693(3)nm,b=1.2956(3)nm,c=0.8762(3)nm,α=82.83(3)°,β=67.25(3)°,γ=71.50(2)°,配位单元中镧为9配位,其配位多面体为畸变的三冠三角棱柱体.     

LnBaB_9O_(16)∶Eu~(3+)(Ln=La,Y)的结构与荧光性质

利用电子衍射、X射线衍射和荧光光谱等方法研究了 L n Ba B9O16(L n=L a,Y)的结构特性 .L n Ba B9O16为单斜晶系 ,其中 L a Ba B9O16的晶胞参数 a=1.36 6 0 nm,b=0 .7882 nm,c=1.6 2 53nm,β=10 6 .15°;YBa B9O16的晶胞参数 a=1.3476 nm,b=0 .7776 nm,c=1.6 0 4 0 nm,β=10 6 .38°.荧光光谱研究表明 ,这两种化合物结构不同 ,Y3 +在 YBa B9O16结构中处于中心对称格位 ,而 L a Ba B9O16中 L a3 +的格位则无中心对称性 .Gd3 +部分取代 L a Ba B9O16∶ Eu3 +中的 L a3 +可改善 Eu3 +离子的发光性质 .L a Ba B9O16∶ Eu3 +在真空紫外区的吸收比较弱 ,这可能与硼氧比较小有关 .     

三重桥氧三核铁脂肪酸配合物FAB和EI质谱研究

本文报道三重桥氧三核铁脂肪酸配合物[Fe_3(μ_3～O)(μ-O_2CR)_6(H_2O)]_3~+(R=CH_3,C_2H_5,C_3H_7,C_4H_9,C_(15)H_(31)和C_(17)H_(35))的快原子轰击(FAB)和电子轰击(EI)质谱。在FAB—MS谱中观察到四种系列离子:Ⅰ.[Fe_3O(O_2CR)_n]~+n=2-6;Ⅱ.[Fe_3O(O_2CR)_nO]~+n=1-4;Ⅲ.[Fe_2O(O_2CR)_n]~+n=1-3;Ⅳ.[Fe_2(O_2CR)_n]~+n=2-4;以及与底物所形成的加合离子[Fe_3O(O_2CR)_n·NBA-1]~+n=3-5(NBA是间-硝基苄醇)。在EI—MS谱中,除上述Ⅰ—Ⅳ离子(其中n的数目略有差异)外,还观察到含三个配位水的完整阳离子[Fe_3(O_2CR)_6(H_2O)_3]~+及其与配体羧酸的加合离子[Fe_3O(0_2CR)_n(H_20)_3·RCOOH+H]~+n=4-6,(Fe_3O(O_2CR)_nO(H_2O)3·RCOOH+H]~+n=2—4和Fe(O_2CR)_n]~+n=1—3。分析了它们的断裂规律,探讨了从中所获得的有益启示。     

Ge_(10)O_(28)单元构建的两个三维锗酸盐结构:(H_3O)_4Ge_7O_(16)·3H_2O和K_4Ge_9O_(20)

在半水溶剂热条件下 ,采用不同的合成条件合成了两个锗酸盐微孔分子筛 :(H3O) 4Ge7O16 ·3H2 O和K4 Ge9O2 0 .X射线单晶结构解析表明 ,两个晶体结构具有相同的“火箭状”二级结构单元 (SBU) ,SBU的不同的连接方式导致了完全不同的空间结构 .H4 Ge7O16 ·7H2 O的结晶学数据为Mr=894 2 7,P 43m ,a =0 7730 9( 18)nm ,V =0 462 0 5 ( 19)nm3,Z =1,MoKα ,λ =0 0 710 73nm ,R(F) =3 48% ,wR(F2 ) =8 39% .K4 Ge9O2 0 的结晶学数据为 :Mr=112 9 71,I4( 1) /a ,a =1 5 0 0 2 ( 3)nm ,c =0 7383( 2 )nm ,V =1 6618( 7)nm3,Z =4,MoKα ,R(F) =3 92 % ,wR(F2 ) =11 97% .     

稀土硝酸盐与Cyclam离子缔合物的合成,性质及结构

在弱酸性介质中,以硝酸稀土与Cyclam在甲醇-水溶液中反应合成了La-Tb、Y9种离子缔合物。通过元素分析和IR、~1H NMR及DTA-TG研究,推测该类化合物的通式为;L~+L_(0.7)~(2+)·[Ln(NO_3)_6]_(0.8)[Ln(NO_3)_3·3H_2O]_(0.2)·nH_2O(La,Ce:n=3;Pr-Tb,Y:n=2.5,L为Cyclam)。经单晶四圆衍射结构分析,确定了化合物的晶体结构,晶胞参数为:a=1.7000(1)nm,b=1.7000(1)nm,c=1.9862(4)nm,α=β=90°,γ=120°,R3空间群,D_c=1.703g/cm~3,μ(K_a)=132.9cm~(-1)。     

Synthesis of γγγ-trifluorocarbonyl compounds

γγγ-Trifluorocarbonyl compounds are easily obtained in a good yield by introduction of the 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl moiety (CF₃-CH₂-) on the -methylene group of a ketone.     

Die Kristallstruktur des W3CoB3 und der dazu isotypen Phasen Mo3CoB3, Mo3NiB3 und W3NiB3

Zusammenfassung Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, W₃CoB₃ und W₃NiB₃ kristallisieren in einem eigenen Typ (W₃CoB₃-Struktur). Das trigonal prismatische Bauelement [T ₆B]^* ist zu Ketten vereinigt, wobei B₃-Gruppen entstehen. Die Phasen sind vermutlich Bor-reicher als obiger Formel entspricht.

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The crystal structure of W₃CoB₃ and the isotypic phases Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, and W₃NiB₃

Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, W₃CoB₃, and W₃NiB₃ were found to possess a new type of crystal structure (W₃CoB₃-structure type). Trigonal prismatic groups [T ₆B]^* are linked together forming chains in such a way that B₃-groups occur. These borides do probably exist with a larger amount of boron as to compared with the formula.

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K3SbSe3, Rb3SbSe3 und Cs3SbSe3 – Synthese und Kristallstruktur

K₃SbSe₃, Rb₃SbSe₃, and Cs₃SbSe₃ – Synthesis and Crystal Structure The compounds K₃SbSe₃, Rb₃SbSe₃ and Cs₃SbSe₃ were synthesized by heating mixtures of Sb₂O₃ and an alkalicarbonate in a stream of hydrogen saturated by selenium in a temperature range between 750 °C and 800 °C. The compounds crystallize isostructural with Na₃AsS₃. A comparison of atomic distances and bond angles with those of the isostructural arsenic and bismuth compounds shows the effect of lone pairs.     

γ-Nitro-γ-butyrolacton

γ-Nitro-γ-butyrolactone By oxidation of 3-(1-nitro-2-oxocyclohexyl)propanal ( 1 ) with KMnO₄, besides 3-(1′-nitro-2′-oxocyclohexyl)pripionic acid ( 2 ), the complete hydrolysis product 4-oxononanedioic acid ( 4 ) and the oxidized semi-hydrolysis product 5-(2-nitro-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furyl)pentanoic acid ( 3 ) were formed. The crystalline 3 decomposes at r.t. forming 4 and nitrous gases; its structure was established by X-ray determination.     

Freezing the polarization of CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite films

Thin films of methylammonium lead halides, CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and CH₃NH₃PbI_3-xCl_x, were deposited onto symmetrical microstructured electrode arrays of gold or platinum on Si/SiO₂ wafers. Polarization studies were carried out on perovskite films under vacuum in the dark. For poling, a constant voltage was applied to the samples while the temperature was cycled between 295 K and 4 K. The measured current densities depending on the temperature showed distinct characteristics relating strongly to the crystal phase and the dielectric properties of the perovskite films. Voltage sweeps were carried out at different scan rates at specific temperature intervals after poling. The polarization of the films due to the migration of iodide vacancies in direction of the blocking perovskite/metal interface was frozen almost up to room temperature. Charge carriers were only able to cross the blocking barrier and contribute to the current where the ions have accumulated during poling. All J-V curves showed hysteresis: inverted and regular hysteresis at room temperature and below, respectively. Inverted hysteresis originates from the slow accumulation of ions at the blocking barrier, while regular hysteresis arises from a distortion in the adjacent crystals which will be discussed.     

K3BiSe3, Rb3BiSe3 und Cs3BiSe3 – Substitutionsvarianten des Th3P4-Typs

K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃ – Derivatives of the Th₃P₄ Structure Type The compounds K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃ were synthesized by heating mixtures of Bi₂O₃ and the respective alkalicarbonate in a stream of hydrogen saturated by selenium at 850°C. Thin crystals of the compounds appear red in transmitted light. They crystallize isostructural with Na₃AsS₃, space group P2₁3, lattice constants a = 9.771(5) Å, a = 10.161(3) Å, and a = 10.587(5) Å for K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃, respectively. The Na₃AsS₃ structure type is a derivative of the Th₃P₄ structure type.     

Synthesis of some derivatives of 3-amino-3-desoxyerythrose and 3-amino-3-desoxy-D-3-erythrose

The synthesis of derivatives of 3-amino-3-deoxy-L-erythrose by LAH or LAD reduction of the oxime of 1,2-O-isopropylidene α-L -glycero-tetros-3-ulofuranose is described.     

Die Akzeptoreigenschaften von AsCl3, AsBr3, asJ3, SbCl3, SbBr3 und SbJ3

Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Enthalpien der Reaktionen von AsCl₃, AsBr₃, AsJ₃, SbCl₃, SbBr₃ und SbJ₃ mit Tributylphosphat, N,N-Dimethylacetamid und Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid bestimmt. Das Verhalten der Addukte bei Gegenwart eines Überschusses der Donoren wird beschrieben.

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Acceptor properties of AsCl₃, AsBr₃, AsI₃, SbCl₃, SbBr₃, and SbI₃

The enthalpies of the reactions of AsCl₃, AsBr₃, AsI₃, SbCl₃, SbBr₃ and SbI₃ with tributylphosphate, N,N-dimethylacetamide and hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide were measured. The behavior of the adducts in the presence of excess donor molecules is described.

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3x-pyrrolizin-3-ones

Condensation of pyrrole-2-dithiocarboxylates with CH acids containing ester groups, in the KOH-DMSO system, was used to prepare previously unknown 1-alkylthio-3H pyrrolizin-3-ones. The latter, treated with secondary amines, are readily converted to the corresponding 1-amino derivatives.     

3-H-pyrrolizin-3-ones

Previously unknown 1-alkylthio-3H-pyrrolizin-3-ones have been obtained by the condensation of pyrrole-2-dithiocarboxylates with CH acids containing ester groupings in the KOH-DMSO system. On treating the products with secondary amines they are readily converted into the corresponding 1-amino derivatives.Irkutsk Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk 664033. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 919–924, July, 1996. Original article submitted May 2, 1996.