基于谷胱甘肽配体的ZnSe量子点对pH响应的时间分辨荧光光谱特性

当前,有关量子点pH响应方面的研究主要集中在含Cd（镉）类量子点,且都是研究其稳态荧光光谱对pH值的响应。然而,Cd类量子点对生物体系具有一定的毒性,且稳态荧光光谱法由于受浓度等因素的影响具有一定的不稳定性,因此应用于生物体系中作为pH探针具有明显的缺点。基于以上分析,通过水相合成法,我们制备出了基于谷胱甘肽配体的水溶性ZnSe量子点,该量子点具有毒性小,生物兼容性好等特点,适合被应用于生物体系中。利用所制备的ZnSe量子点,采用时间相关单光子计数技术,结合紫外可见吸收光谱和稳态荧光光谱,对pH值在5~11不同环境下的ZnSe量子点荧光动力学进行了系统性的研究。ZnSe量子点荧光衰减具有两个寿命组分,拟合得到分别为4和24 ns。通过采集不同探测波长下ZnSe量子点荧光衰减曲线,发现其长寿命组分随探测波长的增加而增加,而短寿命组分基本不随探测波长的改变而改变,结合有关报道分析判断,短寿命和长寿命组分分别来源于核内非局域载流子复合和表面态局域载流子复合。实验发现,处于不同pH值的环境下的ZnSe量子点具有不同的荧光寿命,其荧光寿命与pH值的变化呈负相关。通过比较ZnSe量子点两种荧光寿命组分随pH值的变化关系,发现ZnSe量子点的荧光寿命对pH值的响应主要来源于长寿命组分即表面态寿命,且在不同pH值范围内响应的灵敏度不同,在6~8的pH值范围内响应最为显著,表现为长寿命组分随pH值的增加出现一个较大幅度的衰减。实验进一步发现,ZnSe量子点两个寿命组分的比值在不同pH值范围内具有较好的线性相关性,但在不同pH值范围内斜率不同,通过比较,最大值在pH值为6~8的范围内。另外,与金属钠离子相互作用实验及相关报道表明,金属离子对ZnSe量子点荧光寿命的影响较小。以上研究表明,ZnSe量子点在生物体系pH值检测中具有良好的应用前景。     

极大倾斜角度光纤光栅pH值传感器及其增敏研究

针对光纤光栅pH值传感器的响应灵敏度低、交叉敏感等问题,提出了一种包覆pH值敏感型智能水凝胶的极大倾斜角度光纤光栅(Ex-TFG)pH值传感器。理论上研究了Ex-TFG pH值传感器的响应原理,分析了影响传感器灵敏度的因素,提出了提高测量灵敏度的方法。结合pH值敏感型智能水凝胶独特的响应特性设计和制作了传感器,并进行了相应的实验研究。实验结果表明,相对基于光纤布拉格光栅和长周期光纤光栅的pH传感器,基于Ex-TFG的pH值传感器可有效提高对pH值的响应灵敏度(最大可达-0.718nm/pH),并且可以扩大pH值的检测范围。通过增加水凝胶的包覆厚度,可增加pH值传感器的测量灵敏度。     

一种基于异硫氰酸荧光素的pH纳米传感器制备

无创且实时检测微观环境的pH变化在医疗等领域具有重要的研究价值,本文通过灵活简单的共沉淀方法制备了一种基于pH敏感分子异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)的荧光pH纳米传感器,FITC的荧光强度随pH值增加发生明显变化,当pH值从3变至9时,荧光强度增大约38倍,基于FITC荧光强度变化可实现对pH的灵敏检测,pKa值为6.07。该荧光pH纳米传感器具有小粒径、高灵敏度、良好的可逆性和生物相容性,在细胞等微环境pH检测方面将具有良好的应用前景。     

刺激响应型AIE水凝胶研究进展

刺激响应水凝胶可以对环境的微小变化产生较大的物理化学变化,在药物传递、生物分离、生物传感器和组织工程等领域具有广泛的应用。但受聚集导致荧光猝灭(ACQ)效应的影响,其在发光相关领域的应用受到限制,聚集诱导发光(AIE)概念的提出解决了这一难题。将AIE分子引入水凝胶体系,获得刺激响应型AIE水凝胶,在生物医学、信息防伪、3D水凝胶驱动器以及软体机器人的开发等多个高科技领域崭露头角。本文将近年来报道的刺激响应型AIE水凝胶按刺激因素分为物理因素(温度和光)、化学因素(pH、溶剂和离子)和生物因素(酶)三大类,分别阐述了水凝胶的制备、响应机理及潜在应用,并针对刺激响应型AIE水凝胶面临的问题和挑战进行了展望。     

CdSe/ZnS量子点在倏逝波光纤pH传感中的应用

将新型量子点荧光传感技术与光纤倏逝波传感技术相结合,发展了一种基于量子点荧光效应并结合倏逝波传导进行溶液酸碱度检测的新型传感技术,具有灵敏度高、检测速度快、便于微环境检测、可实现远程探测、实时监测和原位分析等特点。详细介绍了用于倏逝波传感的锥柱组合型光纤荧光探头的制备方法,量子点在光纤探头表面的修饰流程,光谱与强度两种光纤pH传感平台的建立,并分别从响应范围、线性度、重复性和稳定性等方面对CdSe/ZnS量子点应用于光纤pH传感进行了评价。结果表明,在pH值为2~12的范围内,CdSe/ZnS量子点的荧光光谱信号的峰位在强酸和强碱的情况下都会产生红移,且红移量随pH值的变化呈线性关系,其量子点荧光强度信号随pH值的减小呈线性降低关系,通过在强酸和强碱下交替测试的实验表明其具有较好的重复性,利用荧光强度传感平台进行实时监测的实验表明其具有较好的稳定性。因此,将CdSe/ZnS量子点用于倏逝波光纤pH传感具有可行性,在生物化学、环境监测、医学临床、食品安全等领域的pH值测量方面有着广泛的应用前景。     

拉曼/荧光双响应复合纳米粒子在细胞成像中的应用

制备了负载抗癌药物阿霉素(DOX)并且具有表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)响应和荧光响应的复合纳米粒子。SERS成像和荧光成像结果表明纳米粒子可以成功被人结肠癌细胞(HT-29)内吞,并且DOX可以在细胞中释放。复合纳米粒子外层聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)膜层结构具有pH响应,可以加大DOX在不同pH环境的释放差异,达到药物控制释放的目的。这种复合纳米粒子模型在细胞成像、肿瘤药物研发等领域具有潜在应用价值。     

基于聚腺嘌呤单链DNA-金纳米簇的荧光法高灵敏快速检测汞离子

聚腺嘌呤-金纳米簇（聚A-AuNCs）制备简单,快速,且具有优良的荧光性能和光学稳定性。基于聚A单链DNA为模板合成的金纳米簇,构建了一种灵敏、简单、快速的新传感方法用于检测汞离子。以柠檬酸钠为还原剂,通过水浴加热法合成金纳米簇。用荧光光谱仪和透射电镜对金纳米簇的荧光性能和微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明：合成的金纳米簇为球形,分散性良好,平均粒径约为7 nm。金纳米簇在280 nm紫外光激发下,于471 nm处发射出强烈的蓝色荧光,且金纳米簇的光学稳定性良好。溶液在4 ℃下避光保存1个月,金纳米簇的荧光强度变化很小。当汞离子存在时,汞离子与纳米金之间的高亲和力,可以有效地猝灭金纳米簇的荧光。文中讨论了反应体系中缓冲溶液pH值和反应时间对传感器性能的影响,发现缓冲溶液pH值对该方法的影响不大。汞离子对金纳米簇的荧光猝灭反应非常迅速,1 min之内就可以完成,所以后续反应仅需简单的混合即可进行荧光的测定。在最优化实验条件下,对一系列汞离子浓度进行了检测,线性方程为：y=-335.57x+541.35,检测线性范围在0.01~1 μmol·L-1之间,相关系数为0.992 6。根据空白的三倍标准偏差原则确定检测下限为3 nmol·L-1。该方法选择性好,通过9种金属离子的加入对金纳米簇的荧光信号并无明显影响,验证了金纳米簇对汞离子检测的特异性。用该方法检测了环境水样中的汞离子,加标回收率在95.33％~103.8％之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）不大于4%,可用于实际样品中Hg2+的检测。该法仅需将溶液简单混合即可实现对汞离子的检测,具有操作简便、快速、灵敏度高和选择性好等优点。     

CdTe/CdO nH2O核壳纳米复合粒子的水相合成及光学特性.

"研究了CdTe/CdO?nH2O核壳纳米复合物的水相合成及其光学特性． 以巯基乙酸为稳定剂通过氯化镉和碲氢化钠反应制备了碲化镉纳米晶． 在反应过程中, 反应前驱溶液中镉离子与碲离子的摩尔浓度比对最终制备的碲化镉纳米晶的荧光强度起到了极其重要的作用． 在pH值为8.2, 镉离子与碲离子摩尔浓度比为4.0的情况下,制备出了具有最强荧光强度的碲化镉量子点．之后,CdTe/CdO?nH2O核壳纳米复合物在水相中制备出来．在适当的氢氧化镉沉积在碲化镉纳米粒子表面后,碲化镉量子点的荧光大大增强．所制备的CdTe/C     

基于i-motifDNA构型变化和纳米金紫外-可见吸收光谱的pH测定研究

利用纳米金对DNA构型的区分效应设计了一种快速灵敏可视化的pH计。对i-motif DNA-纳米金体系的紫外可见吸收光谱变化进行了系统研究,考察了盐浓度、i-motif DNA浓度、四重体形成时间以及DNA序列对pH响应的影响。在既定条件下,纳米金的紫外-可见吸收光谱在pH 5.3～7.0范围内呈现规律性变化,在520nm处的吸光度逐渐增大,在700nm处的吸光度逐渐减小,纳米金的颜色逐渐由蓝紫色变化至红色。该pH计具有纳米金无需修饰、可视化、成本低、速度快等特点,有望用于某些pH值发生变化的生命过程的监测。     

琼脂糖凝胶/纳米金复合结构的制备及其表面增强拉曼性质

以琼脂糖凝胶为模板,将预先制备好的胶体金颗粒负载在琼脂糖凝胶的网状结构中,制备了琼脂糖凝胶/纳米金复合膜结构,采用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪对复合膜的结构和光学性质进行了表征,实验数据表明纳米金颗粒均匀的分散在琼脂糖凝胶膜上,并且呈现出优异的光学吸收特性。基于琼脂糖凝胶的溶胀收缩特性和纳米金颗粒可调的表面等离子体共振吸收特性,将琼脂糖凝胶/纳米金复合膜作为表面增强拉曼(SERS)基底材料,研究了其对拉曼信号分子尼罗蓝A(NBA)的SERS检测效果。结果表明,琼脂糖凝胶的多孔网状结构为纳米金颗粒的富集提供了良好的载体,随着琼脂糖凝胶在空气中失水收缩,纳米金颗粒间距离逐渐缩短,产生动态的热点效应,对拉曼信号分子具有良好的增强效应。     

Green and Cost Effective Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots for Dopamine Detection

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) due to its high fluorescent output is evolving as novel sensing material and is considered as future building blocks for nano sensing devices. Hence, in this investigation we report microwave assisted preparation and multi sensing application of CQDs. The microwave derived CQDs are characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) experiment and Fourier Infrared spectra (FTIR) to investigate the size distribution and chemical purity respectively. Fluorescent emission spectra recorded at varying pH shows varying fluorescence emission intensities. Further, emission spectra recorded at different temperatures shows that fluorescence emission of CQDs greatly depends on temperature. Therefore, we demonstrate the pH and temperature sensing characteristics of CQDs by fluorescence quenching behaviour. In addition, the interaction and sensing behaviour of CQDs for dopamine is also presented in this work with a detection limit of 0.2 mM. The steady state and time-resolved methods have been employed in fluorescence quenching methods for sensing dopamine through CQDs at room temperature. The bimolecular quenching rate constants for different concentration have been measured. The interaction between CQDs and dopamine indicates fluorescence quenching method is an elegant process for detecting dopamine through CQDs.     

Perylene Diimide Based Fluorescent Dyes for Selective Sensing of Nitroaromatic Compounds: Selective Sensing in Aqueous Medium Across Wide pH Range

Water soluble perylenediimide based fluorophore salt, N,N′-bis(ethelenetrimethyl ammoniumiodide)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylicbisimide (PDI-1), has been used for selective fluorescence sensing of picric acid (PA) and 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) in organic as well as aqueous medium across wide pH range (1.0 to 10.0). PDI-1 showed strong fluorescence in dimethylformamide (DMF) (Φf?=?0.26 (DMF) and moderate fluorescence in water. Addition of picric acid (PA) and 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) into PDI-1 in DMF/aqueous solution selectively quenches the fluorescence. The concentration dependent studies showed decrease of fluorescence linearly with increase of PA and 4-NA concentration. The interference studies demonstrate high selectivity for PA and 4-NA. Interestingly, PDI-1 showed selective fluorescence sensing of PA and 4-NA across wide pH range (1.0 to 10.0). Selective fluorescence sensing of PA and 4-NA has also been observed with trifluoroacetate (PDI-2), sulfate (PDI-3) salt of PDI-1 as well as octyl chain substituted PDI (PDI-4) without amine functionality. These studies suggest that PA and 4-NA might be having preferential interaction with PDI aromatic core and quenches the fluorescence. Thus PDI based dyes have been used for selective fluorescent sensing of explosive NACs for the first time to the best our knowledge.

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Graphical Abstract Selective fluorescent sensing of picric acid and 4-nitroaniline nitroaromatic compounds by perylene diimide fluorescent dyes

     

包埋不同淡水耗氧菌BOD传感膜的光谱响应特征研究

利用四甲氧基硅烷（TMOS）、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷（DiMeDMOS）与聚乙烯醇（PVA）构成的有机改性材料分别包埋五种不同淡水耗氧菌,制备光化学生物耗氧量（BOD）的传感敏感膜,并在自行构建的BOD测定仪上考察其光谱响应行为。实验结果表明,分别包埋五种淡水耗氧菌和它们混合菌种的BOD传感膜对BOD的荧光强度响应范围为0～60 mg·L-1至0～120 mg·L-1,线性相关系数为0.976～0.997,响应时间为0.5～8.7 min,传感敏感膜可连续使用30 d以上。实验研究考察了不同实验条件下如温度和测定体系的pH对BOD传感膜响应的影响。实验结果发现,在4 ℃下保存12个月后,BOD传感膜仍保持原有响应值的85%以上,显示出较好的重复性和稳定性。初步应用结果表明,BOD传感膜可应用于地表水中的BOD检测。     

Label-free tungsten disulfide quantum dots as a fluorescent sensing platform for highly efficient detection of copper(Ⅱ) ions

A fluorescent probe for the sensitive and selective determination of copper ion(Cu~(2+)) is presented. It is based on the use of tungsten disulfide quantum dots(WS_2 QDs) which is independent of the p H of solution and emits strong blue fluorescence. Copper ions could cause aggregation of the WS_2 QDs and lead to fluorescence quenching of WS_2 QDs. The change of fluorescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of Cu~(2+), and the limit of detection is 0.4 μM. The fluorescent probe is highly selective for Cu~(2+) over some potentially interfering ions. These results indicate that WS_2 QDs,as a fluorescent sensing platform, can meet the selective requirements for biomedical and environmental application.     

氮掺杂碳量子点的合成及作为荧光探针对Hg~(2+)的检测

与传统量子点相比,碳量子点作为一种新型的荧光碳纳米材料,由于其良好的生物相容性、易于表面功能化、低毒性等优点受到了广泛关注。采用柠檬酸为碳源,氨水为氮源,热解法制备出水溶性好的氮掺杂碳量子点(NCDs)。透射电镜(TEM)观察NCDs的粒径在3nm左右;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅里叶红外光谱(FIIR)证明NCDs的表面被羧基、氨基、羟基、羰基等官能团功能化,说明NCDs有很好的水溶性。研究还发现Hg~(2+)对NCDs的荧光有良好的猝灭作用,可作为荧光探针检测水中Hg~(2+)含量。在PBS缓冲液中(0.1mol·L~(-1) pH 7.0),NCDs的荧光猝灭率(F/F0)与汞离子浓度在0.001~0.1μmol·L~(-1)之间存在良好的线性关系,检出限为2.1nmol·L~(-1)。该方法灵敏度高、选择性好、方法简便,可应用于Hg~(2+)快速、灵敏的检测。     

pH值对滇池水体溶解性有机质(DOM)光降解作用的影响

运用紫外光谱、三维荧光光谱技术结合平行因子分析法（PARAFAC）探讨了pH值对滇池水体环境中溶解性有机质（DOM）光化学降解特性（紫外光谱特征、荧光组分及其荧光强度）的影响。掌握了不同pH值条件下DOM光化学降解特性及其差异性,可为DOM的生物地球化学循环基础数据提供有利支撑,同时对富营养化湖泊水质改善和有效控制具有重要的启示作用。结果表明,在光降解发生过程中（0～30 d）,DOM被识别出具有三个主要荧光组分,分别为长波类富里酸组分C1（325,425 nm）,类蛋白类组分C2（295, 390 nm）和具有高芳香度特性的类腐殖质组分C3（260/350,360/450 nm）;pH值的变化对DOM光降解过程中的紫外光谱和三维荧光光谱特征均产生重要影响;当pH值从4.0增加到9.0,DOM的紫外吸光系数随pH值增大而增大,总荧光强度随pH值增加而逐渐下降;类蛋白组分C2从降解的第8天开始,其荧光强度也表现出随pH值增加逐渐下降的趋势,这表明高pH值能够促进水体DOM的光降解作用。鉴于pH值能够对DOM光降解过程及其紫外光谱和三维荧光光谱特征产生重要影响,研究认为,对比不同来源DOM（自然水体、DOM提取物等）的紫外光谱、三维荧光光谱和平行因子分析结果时,应监测并报告DOM溶液的pH值,pH值应尽量保持一致,以保证结果的可比性。     

A Dual-emitting Two-dimensional Nickel-based Metal-organic Framework Nanosheets: Eu3+/Ag+ Functionalization Synthesis and Ratiometric Sensing in Aqueous Solution

Using two-dimensional (2D) nickel-based metal organic framework (Ni-MOF) nanosheets as a matrix, Eu³⁺ and Ag⁺ were incorporated to synthesize Ag/Eu@Ni-MOF with double luminescence centers of Eu³⁺ ion (615 nm) and organic ligand (524 nm). And a ratiometric luminescence sensor is constructed based on Ag/Eu@Ni-MOF for sensitive detection of biothiols in aqueous solutions. The dual-emissive fluorescence properties can be tuned by changing the amounts of Ag⁺ ions doping. The results of temperature and pH effects on the fluorescence of Ag/Eu@Ni-MOF indicates that the Ag/Eu@Ni-MOF is a temperature-sensitive material and the fluorescence of Ag/Eu@Ni-MOF can keep stable over a wide pH range. Due to the binding of -SH in cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) with Ag⁺, the ligand luminescence was significantly inhibited by weakening the Ag?+?influence on the energy transfer process in the MOFs. Therefore, ratiometric fluorescent sensing of biomolecular thiols was realized based on the dual-emission Ag/Eu@Ni-MOF. More importantly, the fluorescence color change can be observed with naked eyes to realize visual detection. The ratiometric fluorescent sensor exhibits high performance for Cys and GSH detection with a wide linear range of 5-250 µM and a relatively low detection limit of 0.20 µM and 0.17 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the biothiols content in human serum was determined with satisfactory results. It proves the Ni-MOF nanosheets can be used as a stable matrix for construction luminescent MOFs for the first time, and validate the great potential of Ag/Eu@Ni-MOF as a ratiometric fluorescent probe for point-of-care testing (POCT) in disease diagnosis.

     

A Novel Water-soluble Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe Based on FRET for Sensing Lysosomal pH

A new ratiometric fluorescent probe based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) for sensing lysosomal pH has been developed. The probe (RMPM) was composed of imidazo[1,5-α]pyridine quaternary ammonium salt fluorophore as the FRET donor and the rhodamine moiety as the FRET acceptor. It’s the first time to report that imidazo[1,5-α]pyridine quaternary ammonium salt acts as the FRET donor. The ratio of fluorescence intensity of the probe at two wavelengths (I₄₂₄/I₅₈₁) changed significantly and responded linearly toward minor pH changes in the range of 5.4–6.6. It should be noted that it’s rare to report that a ratiometric pH probe could detect so weak acidic pH with pKa = 6.31. In addition, probe RMPM exhibited excellent water-solubility, fast-response, all-right selectivity and brilliant reversibility. Moreover, RMPM has been successfully applied to sensing lysosomal pH in HeLa cells and has low cytotoxicity.