Parallel computation of atmospheric pollutant dispersion under unstably stratified atmosphere

Pollutant dispersion under unstably stratified atmosphere was investigated numerically using the finite element method. The effects of atmospheric stability on plume trajectory were studied using a three-dimensional second-order closure dispersion model. The numerical model was implemented using domain decomposition method and carried out using a parallel computer. The computation accelerates significantly and the size of computation can be largely increased as a result of the parallelism. A passive contaminant point source was placed at the middle of the convective boundary layer to simulate the atmospheric dispersion. The requirement of the input of dispersion coefficients in k-theory and Gaussian models was replaced with direct input of turbulence flow data. It was found that the present numerical model can predict several non-Gaussian plume behaviours and the computed results agreed well with findings from experimental observations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Neurocomputing theory and numerical simulation on elasticity

A new finite element analysis principle based on neural networks is propsed. It can realize the finite element analysis in real time. The neural computation of a simple structure was simulated on digital computer, the effect of input parameters on convergent speed and precision was analyzed. Before solving a certain FE problem, the linking weight matrix of the neural net, i.e., the global stiffness matrix of the structure analyzed, must be defined. In this paper, a method which uses the BP net to compute the element stiffness matrix in real time is proposed. The subject is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China     

High-efficiency improved symmetric successive over-relaxation preconditioned conjugate gradient method for solving large-scale finite element linear equations

Fast solving large-scale linear equations in the finite element analysis is a classical subject in computational mechanics. It is a key technique in computer aided engineering （CAE） and computer aided manufacturing （CAM）. This paper presents a high-efficiency improved symmetric successive over-relaxation （ISSOR） preconditioned conjugate gradient （PCG） method, which maintains lelism consistent with the original form. Ideally, the by 50% as compared with the original algorithm. the convergence and inherent paralcomputation can It is suitable for be reduced nearly high-performance computing with its inherent basic high-efficiency operations. By comparing with the numerical results, it is shown that the proposed method has the best performance.     

Nodeless variable finite element method for heat transfer analysis by means of flux-based formulation and mesh adaptation

Based on flux-based formulation, a nodeless variable element method is developed to analyze two-dimensional steady-state and transient heat transfer problems. The nodeless variable element employs quadratic interpolation functions to provide higher solution accuracy without necessity to actually generate additional nodes. The flux-based formulation is applied to reduce the complexity in deriving the finite element equations as compared to the conventional finite element method. The solution accuracy is further improved by implementing an adaptive meshing technique to generate finite element mesh that can adapt and move along corresponding to the solution behavior. The technique generates small elements in the regions of steep solution gradients to provide accurate solution, and meanwhile it generates larger elements in the other regions where the solution gradients are slight to reduce the computational time and the computer memory. The effectiveness of the combined procedure is demonstrated by heat transfer problems that have exact solutions. These problems are: (a) a steady-state heat conduction analysis in a square plate subjected to a highly localized surface heating, and (b) a transient heat conduction analysis in a long plate subjected to a moving heat source. The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

一期水管冷却效应的数值模拟新方法

采用有限单元离散空间域，视冷却水管所在单元为子结构，其它单元为常规单元，然后，把混凝土结构瞬态温度场的有限元控制方程表示成状态方程，最后，利用精细积分法求解．结果表明，子结构、状态方程和精细积分技术的引用降低了对计算机贮存量的要求和提高了冷却水管附近温度梯度的精度，显示出极大的优越性．     

非网格重剖分模拟宏观裂纹体的扩展有限单元法(Ⅰ:基础理论)

基于有限元计算网格,扩展有限单元法通过建立特殊的广义节点插值形式来描述含裂缝体的不连续位移场,避免了有限元法模拟裂缝时需要的网格重划分。进而,本文从虚功原理出发,在有限元法框架内完整地推导了能模拟宏观裂纹力学场的扩展有限元法实现公式,在理论上更全面地考虑了内部裂纹面上分布外载荷及缝内粘连材料刚度的影响,并提出了构建统一的扩展有限单元刚度阵形成模式,保证了与传统有限单元方式的协调一致。文中对方法的实现过程也做了详细阐述,给出了通用的计算公式,确保了算法的可行性。     

大型结构有限元并行分析程序——PARNFAP

本文介绍了作者在西安交通大学ELXSI-6400并行机调试的大型结构有限元分析程序—PARNFAP。该程序利用子结构方法实现有限元计算的并行化,计算结果表明其具有良好的并行性能。     

板锥网壳结构几何非线性受力性能的广义协调元分析

板锥网壳网络是一种新型的空间结构，它是在板锥单元和常规的双层刚壳结构的基础上组合形成的一种新型结构形式，具有良好的技术经济效益和建筑视觉效果。本文在对这类结构有限法分析的基础上，根据板锥网壳结构的构成特点，应用广义协调元的基本思想，对这类结构进行了分析，给出了这类结构广义协调元分析的基本公式。分析表明：广义协调元法适宜于板锥网壳结构的受力性能分析，广义协调元固有的简便，高效和可靠的特性，将会使结构分析得到更为可信和可靠的论证。     

NEW ALGORITHM OF COUPLING ELEMENT-FREE GALERKIN WITH FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

IntroductionMeshless methods, as a special numerical method, originated from1970s. Since thediffuse element method was proposed by Nayroleset al.[1]in1992, the meshless methodshave received wide attentions in the mechanics area, and have shown obvious adv…     

Viscoelastic modeling of the diffusion of polymeric pollutants injected into a pipe flow

This study focuses on the transient analysis of nonlinear dispersion of a polymeric pollutant ejected by an external source into a laminar pipe flow of a Newtonian liquid under axi-symmetric conditions.The influence of density variation with pollutant concentration is approximated according to the Boussinesq approximation and the nonlinear governing equations of momentum,pollutant concentration are obtained together with and Oldroyd-B constitutive model for the polymer stress.The problem is solved numerically using a semi-implicit finite difference method.Solutions are presented in graphical form for various parameter values and given in terms of fluid velocity,pollutant concentration,polymer stress components,skin friction and wall mass transfer rate.The model can be a useful tool in understanding the dynamics of industrial pollution situations arising from improper discharge of hydrocarbon pollutants into,say,water bodies.The model can also be quite useful for available necessary early warning methods for detecting or predicting the scale of pollution and hence help mitigate related damage downstream by earlier instituting relevant decontamination measures.     

随机有限元方法在断裂分析中的应用

在幂律非线性随机有限元基础上,以单边裂纹板为例给出计算含量钢继裂参数,J（J积分）,δ（裂纹张开位移）,Δ（由裂纹引起的裂纹板上下底面相对位移）,θ（由裂纹引起的裂纹板上下底在相对转角）及其对基本随机变量变化率的方法和分析算例。     

The numerical analysis of water and solute movement in scale heterogeneous profiles

A computer based numerical method is presented for the analysis of water and solute movement in unsaturated heterogeneous porous materials. Such a method is necessary since, for those field studies where solute movement is of concern, the soil profiles under consideration are invariably heterogeneous. The numerical analysis is based on a general one-dimensional finite difference soil water flow model which includes a numerical technique combining the concepts of scale heterogeneity with an interpolative soil water hysteresis model. An explicit finite difference solute movement subroutine is incorporated into the unsaturated flow model to describe the transport of nonreactive solutes. A velocity dependent longitudinal dispersion coefficient is used in the solution of the hydrodynamic dispersion equation. The resulting hysteretic scale heterogeneous solute movement model permits the study of solute dynamics during infiltrating and redistribution in realistically complex spatially varying soil profiles. Results are presented for the leaching of both coarse grading to fine and fine grading to coarse sand profiles. Both vertical and horizontal profiles are studied using either a constant flux or a constant concentration input boundary condition. The four cases studied demonstrate the versatility of the numerical method and emphasise the substantial differences in transport behavior that can arise between heterogeneous and homogeneous profiles.Now with BHP Petroleum Pty. Ltd., GPO Box 1911R, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia.     

Dispersion error reduction for acoustic problems using the smoothed finite element method (SFEM)

The smoothed finite element method (SFEM), which was recently introduced for solving the mechanics and acoustic problems, uses the gradient smoothing technique to operate over the cell‐based smoothing domains. On the basis of the previous work, this paper reports a detailed analysis on the numerical dispersion error in solving two‐dimensional acoustic problems governed by the Helmholtz equation using the SFEM, in comparison with the standard finite element method. Owing to the proper softening effects provided naturally by the cell‐based gradient smoothing operations, the SFEM model behaves much softer than the standard finite element method model. Therefore, the SFEM can significantly reduce the dispersion error in the numerical solution. Results of both theoretical and numerical experiments will support these important findings. It is shown clearly that the SFEM suits ideally well for solving acoustic problems, because of the crucial effectiveness in reducing the dispersion error. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于POD-RBF代理模型的迭代更新反演方法

针对常规的水工大坝等大型工程结构参数反演需要耗费大量有限元正分析机时的问题,建立了具有较好反演精度和泛化性能的POD-RBF代理模型和快速迭代更新反演算法。基于有限元分析获得足量数据样本,利用POD提取本征向量,并使用RBF方法进行插值得到有限元模型的代理模型;同时结合粒子群算法的全局寻优能力和高斯-牛顿法的快速局部收敛优势,建立了一种新的高效率迭代反演方法,并应用于混凝土大坝分区弹性模量反演。结果表明,该方法适用于大坝等大体积混凝土结构的力学参数反演。同时,相较于传统的单一反演方法,该方法在反演效率和反演精度两方面均显示出优势。     

多尺度材料模拟的自适应有限元方法研究

研究了材料模拟中一类新型耦合多尺度的自适应有限元方法. 采用微观分子动力学耦合宏观有限元的桥尺度方法来模拟材料破坏的前期行为,其中宏观有限元计算推广到了一般非结构三角形网格. 材料破坏形成后,停止微观尺度的计算,它的进一步发展和演化通过一个宏观模型来描述,采用自适应有限元方法来求解这一宏观模型. 其中,后验误差估计的基础是变分多尺度理论,即自适应网格加密是基于粗尺度上残差分布和细尺度上单元Green's函数. 计算中采用了破坏准则来模拟材料的断裂. 数值实验表明了方法的有效性.      

The Finite Element Analysis of Interaction Problem Through Water,Soil, Balloon and Pile

This paper presents the finite element analysis of an interaction problem involving water, soil, balloon and pile. A building with friction piles is considered, and balloons are introduced to the top of piles. To control the vertical displacement of the building, water is injected into or removed from the balloons. The two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equation is introduced, and the ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) method is applied to the water flow analysis. The FS (Fractional Step) method is also applied in the finite element formulation. The soil, which is assumed as a linear elastic body, is subjected to the deformation analysis. The balloon and pile are assumed as a linear elastic truss and a rigid frame, and the deformation analysis is also performed. All the components are discretized by the finite element method in space and are interactively solved by taking into account continuity conditions of traction and displacement.     

Numeric simulation of pollutant dispersion by a control‐volume based on finite element method

The dispersion of pollutants in the environment is an issue of great interest as it directly affects air quality, mainly in large cities. Experimental and numerical tools have been used to predict the behavior of pollutant species dispersion in the atmosphere. A software has been developed based on the control‐volume based on the finite element method in order to obtain two‐dimensional simulations of Navier–Stokes equations and heat or mass transportation in regions with obstacles, varying position of the pollutant source. Numeric results of some applications were obtained and, whenever possible, compared with literature results showing satisfactory accordance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wave propagation in anisotropic media with non-local elasticity

In an effort to understand and quantify the effect of non-local elasticity on the wave propagation response of laminated composite layered media, a frequency-wavenumber domain based finite element method is employed. The developed elements are based on the exact solution in the transformed domain and thus exactly represent the dynamics of a layer. This feature enables to model a layer of any thickness by a single element and drastically reduces the cost of computation. The effect of non-locality on the dispersion relation and in turn on the wave response is compared with local (classical) elasticity solutions. A procedure and sample example is outlined to estimate the magnitude of the non-locality parameter by comparing the dispersion relation with lattice dynamics. The effect of non-locality, in terms of the mode-shift and appearance of dispersion on the modes of Lamb waves is further demonstrated.     

Numerical models for vehicle exhaust dispersion in complex urban areas

Two numerical models are presented for predicting vehicle exhaust dispersion in complex urban areas with or without the wind field. The models not only reflect the effect of building and street canyon configuration on the pollutant propagation, but also are able to predict the turbulent energy produced by moving vehicles on the road. In particular, in the discrete model, turbulent energy and pollutant concentration produced by each vehicle are dynamically described in the Lagrangian method. The pollutant propagation is calculated with the advection–diffusion equation. The Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations are numerically solved for the wind flows. The movement and heat release rate of the vehicles are treated as sources of the turbulent energy equation for the computation of turbulent energy produced by the moving vehicles. This paper reports the detailed implementation of the models. Four typical numerical tests were carried out to represent the performance of the proposed numerical models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite difference and finite element methods for mhd channel flows

A Galerkin finite element method and two finite difference techniques of the control volume variety have been used to study magnetohydrodynamic channel flows as a function of the Reynolds number, interaction parameter, electrode length and wall conductivity. The finite element and finite difference formulations use unequally spaced grids to accurately resolve the flow field near the channel wall and electrode edges where steep flow gradients are expected. It is shown that the axial velocity profiles are distorted into M-shapes by the applied electromagnetic field and that the distortion increases as the Reynolds number, interaction parameter and electrode length are increased. It is also shown that the finite element method predicts larger electromagnetic pinch effects at the electrode entrance and exit and larger pressure rises along the electrodes than the primitive-variable and streamfunction–vorticity finite difference formulations. However, the primitive-variable formulation predicts steeper axial velocity gradients at the channel walls and lower axial velocities at the channel centreline than the streamfunction–vorticity finite difference and the finite element methods. The differences between the results of the finite difference and finite element methods are attributed to the different grids used in the calculations and to the methods used to evaluate the pressure field. In particular, the computation of the velocity field from the streamfunction–vorticity formulation introduces computational noise, which is somewhat smoothed out when the pressure field is calculated by integrating the Navier–Stokes equations. It is also shown that the wall electric potential increases as the wall conductivity increases and that, at sufficiently high interaction parameters, recirculation zones may be created at the channel centreline, whereas the flow near the wall may show jet-like characteristics.