Locating a minisum annulus: a new partial coverage distance model

The problem is to find the best location in the plane of a minisum annulus with fixed width using a partial coverage distance model. Using the concept of partial coverage distance, those demand points within the area of the annulus are served at no cost, while for ‘uncovered’ demand points there will be additional costs proportional to their distances to the annulus. The objective of the problem is to locate the annulus such that the sum of distances from the uncovered demand points to the annulus (covering area) is minimized. The distance is measured by the Euclidean norm. We discuss the case where the radius of the inner circle of the annulus is variable, and prove that at least two demand points must be on the boundary of any optimal annulus. An algorithm to solve the problem is derived based on this result.     

Expected Distances between Two Uniformly Distributed Random Points in Rectangles and Rectangular Parallelpipeds

In this paper, the expected distance between two uniformly distributed random points in a rectangle or in a rectangular parallelepiped is computed under three different metrics: the Manhattan metric, the Euclidean metric, and the Chebychev metric.     

On the volume functional of compact manifolds with boundary with constant scalar curvature

We study the volume functional on the space of constant scalar curvature metrics with a prescribed boundary metric. We derive a sufficient and necessary condition for a metric to be a critical point, and show that the only domains in space forms, on which the standard metrics are critical points, are geodesic balls. In the zero scalar curvature case, assuming the boundary can be isometrically embedded in the Euclidean space as a compact strictly convex hypersurface, we show that the volume of a critical point is always no less than the Euclidean volume bounded by the isometric embedding of the boundary, and the two volumes are equal if and only if the critical point is isometric to a standard Euclidean ball. We also derive a second variation formula and apply it to show that, on Euclidean balls and “small” hyperbolic and spherical balls in dimensions 3 ≤ n ≤ 5, the standard space form metrics are indeed saddle points for the volume functional.     

Spherical minimax location problem using the Euclidean norm: Formulation and optimization

The minimax spherical location problem is formulated in the Cartesian coordinate system using the Euclidean norm, instead of the spherical coordinate system using spherical arc distance measures. It is shown that minimizing the maximum of the spherical arc distances between the facility point and the demand points on a sphere is equivalent to minimizing the maximum of the corresponding Euclidean distances. The problem formulation in this manner helps to reduce Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions into the form of a set of coupled nonlinear equations, which is solved numerically by using a method of factored secant update with a finite difference approximation to the Jacobian. For a special case when the set of demand points is on a hemisphere and one or more point-antipodal point pair(s) are included in the demand points, a simplified approach gives a minimax point in a closed form.     

A ramsey-type bound for rectangles

It is proved that for any rectangle T and for any 2-coloring of the points of the 5-dimensional Euclidean space, one can always find a rectangle T′ congruent to T, all of whose vertices are of the same color. We also show that for any k-coloring of the k² + o(k²)-dimensional space, there is a monochromatic rectangle congruent to any given rectangle. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Lipschitz continuity of the Green function in Denjoy domains

In this paper a Wiener-type characterization is presented of those boundary points of a Denjoy domain where the Green function is Lipschitz continuous. This property is linked with the splitting of a Euclidean boundary point into two minimal Martin boundary points.     

A new proof of the rigidity problem

In this short note we give a new proof of the boundary rigidity problem in a Euclidean setting proved by Croke. Our method is based on the differentiability of Busemann functions and the characteristic of Euclidean metric on Riemannian manifolds without conjugate points.

     

Bounds on the Optimal Location to the Weber Problem under Conditions of Uncertainty

Optimal and Heuristic bounds are given for the optimal location to the Weber problem when the locations of demand points are not deterministic but may be within given circles. Rectilinear, Euclidean and square Euclidean types of distance measure are discussed. The exact shape of all possible optimal points is given in the rectilinear and square Euclidean cases. A heuristic method for the computation of the region of possible optimal points is developed in the case of Euclidean distance problem. The maximal distance between a possible optimal point and the deterministic solution is also computed heuristically.     

On the boundary behaviour of partially free minimal surfaces

Let S be a smooth surface in Euclidean 3-space and let C be a smooth curve having its end points on S. Consider a surface x, bounded by the configuration , which minimizes Dirichlet's integral. We describe the local behaviour of x at the points where the arc C meets the boundary surface S.     

Exit time moments, boundary value problems, and the geometry of domains in Euclidean space

Let X _t be a diffusion in Euclidean space. We initiate a study of the geometry of smoothly bounded domains in Euclidean space using the moments of the exit time for particles driven by X _t , as functionals on the space of smoothly bounded domains. We provide a characterization of critical points for each functional in terms of an overdetermined boundary value problem. For Brownian motion we prove that, for each functional, the boundary value problem which characterizes critical points admits solutions if and only if the critical point is a ball, and that all critical points are maxima. Received: 23 January 1997 / Revised version: 21 January 1998     

On the rectangle property for plane continua and immersed topological hypersurfaces

A subset of Euclidean space is said to satisfy the rectangle property if no rectangle has exactly three vertices in this subset. According to Besicovitch and Dnazer, circles are characterized by this property among convex curves. Here, more general characterizations of this type are presented.     

An inverse problem for an equation of elliptic-hyperbolic type with a nonlocal boundary condition

We examine a mixed type equation with the Lavrent??ev-Bitsadze operator and an unknown right-hand side in a rectangle and study a nonlocal boundary value problem in which the values of the stream function on the lateral sides of the rectangle are equal. The solution is given as a sum of a biorthogonal series. The uniqueness criterion and stability of solutions with respect to the boundary data are established.     

等周问题的一个初等证明

本文把欧氏平面，半球面和非欧面之中，不含给定边界，含有给定边界和含有边界而且在其上给定端点这样三种等周问题、给以初等、统一的证明。其要点在于把它们的存在性和唯一性简明扼要地归结到下述初等引理，即一个给定凹边边长的四边形的面积以四顶共圆时为其唯一的极大     

A compact minimal shadow boundary in Euclidean space is totally geodesic

We prove that a compact minimal shadow boundary of a hypersurface in Euclidean space is totally geodesic. We show that shadow boundaries detect principal directions and umbilical points of a hypersurface. As application we deduce that every shadow boundary of a compact strictly convex surface contains at least two principal directions.     

Corner Boundary Layer in Boundary Value Problems for Singularly Perturbed Parabolic Equations with Monotonic Nonlinearity

A singularly perturbed parabolic equation

$${\varepsilon ^2}\left( {{{\text{a}}^2}\frac{{{\partial ^2}u}}{{\partial {x^2}}} - \frac{{\partial u}}{{\partial t}}} \right) = F\left( {u,x,t,\varepsilon } \right)$$

is considered in a rectangle with boundary conditions of the first kind. The function F at the corner points of the rectangle is assumed to be monotonic with respect to the variable u on the interval from the root of the degenerate equation to the boundary condition. A complete asymptotic expansion of the solution as ε → 0 is constructed, and its uniformity in the closed rectangle is proven.

     

Über die Stetigkeit teilweise freier Minimalflächen

Consider a surface x, bounded by a smooth surface in Euclidean n-space and by a smooth curve having its end points on the boundary surface. Let x minimize Dirichlet's integral in the class of all such surfaces x. Then it is known that the trace of x on the boundary surface is a continuous curve. We treat the case where x is a stationary point of Dirichlet's integral and prove continuity in this case.     

Equicontinuity of Families of Mappings with One Normalization Condition

Mathematical Notes - We study the behavior of a certain class of mappings of a domain in Euclidean space. We prove that this class is equicontinuous both at the interior and boundary points, of the...     

Approximate grid solution of a nonlocal boundary value problem for Laplace’s equation on a rectangle

A nonlocal boundary value problem for Laplace’s equation on a rectangle is considered. Dirichlet boundary conditions are set on three sides of the rectangle, while the boundary values on the fourth side are sought using the condition that they are equal to the trace of the solution on the parallel midline of the rectangle. A simple proof of the existence and uniqueness of a solution to this problem is given. Assuming that the boundary values given on three sides have a second derivative satisfying a Hölder condition, a finite difference method is proposed that produces a uniform approximation (on a square mesh) of the solution to the problem with second order accuracy in space. The method can be used to find an approximate solution of a similar nonlocal boundary value problem for Poisson’s equation.     

The Kellogg property and boundary regularity for p-harmonic functions with respect to the Mazurkiewicz boundary and other compactifications

In this paper, boundary regularity for p-harmonic functions is studied with respect to the Mazurkiewicz boundary and other compactifications. In particular, the Kellogg property (which says that the set of irregular boundary points has capacity zero) is obtained for a large class of compactifications, but also two examples when it fails are given. This study is done for complete metric spaces equipped with doubling measures supporting a p-Poincaré inequality, but the results are new also in unweighted Euclidean spaces.