Approximation by harmonic functions

For a compact set we construct a restoring covering for the space of real-valued functions on which can be uniformly approximated by harmonic functions. Functions from restricted to an element of this covering possess some analytic properties. In particular, every nonnegative function , equal to 0 on an open non-void set, is equal to 0 on . Moreover, when , the algebra of complex-valued functions on which can be uniformly approximated by holomorphic functions is analytic. These theorems allow us to prove that if a compact set has a nontrivial Jensen measure, then contains a nontrivial compact set with analytic algebra .

     

Absolute Borel sets and function spaces

An internal characterization of metric spaces which are absolute Borel sets of multiplicative classes is given. This characterization uses complete sequences of covers, a notion introduced by Frolík for characterizing Cech-complete spaces. We also show that the absolute Borel class of is determined by the uniform structure of the space of continuous functions ; however the case of absolute metric spaces is still open. More precisely, we prove that, for metrizable spaces and , if is a uniformly continuous surjection and is an absolute Borel set of multiplicative (resp., additive) class , , then is also an absolute Borel set of the same class. This result is new even if is a linear homeomorphism, and extends a result of Baars, de Groot, and Pelant which shows that the \v{C}ech-completeness of a metric space is determined by the linear structure of .

     

On the rational homotopy type of function spaces

The main result of this paper is the construction of a minimal model for the function space of continuous functions from a finite type, finite dimensional space to a finite type, nilpotent space in terms of minimal models for and . For the component containing the constant map, in positive dimensions. When is formal, there is a simple formula for the differential of the minimal model in terms of the differential of the minimal model for and the coproduct of . We also give a version of the main result for the space of cross sections of a fibration.

     

Only single twists on unknots can produce composite knots

Let be a knot in the -sphere , and a disc in meeting transversely more than once in the interior. For non-triviality we assume that over all isotopy of . Let () be a knot obtained from by cutting and -twisting along the disc (or equivalently, performing -Dehn surgery on ). Then we prove the following: (1) If is a trivial knot and is a composite knot, then ; (2) if is a composite knot without locally knotted arc in and is also a composite knot, then . We exhibit some examples which demonstrate that both results are sharp. Independently Chaim Goodman-Strauss has obtained similar results in a quite different method.

     

Contractions on a manifold polarized by an ample vector bundle

A complex manifold of dimension together with an ample vector bundle on it will be called a generalized polarized variety. The adjoint bundle of the pair is the line bundle . We study the positivity (the nefness or ampleness) of the adjoint bundle in the case . If this was previously done in a series of papers by Ye and Zhang, by Fujita, and by Andreatta, Ballico and Wisniewski.

If is nef then, by the Kawamata-Shokurov base point free theorem, it supports a contraction; i.e. a map from onto a normal projective variety with connected fiber and such that , for some ample line bundle on . We describe those contractions for which . We extend this result to the case in which has log terminal singularities. In particular this gives Mukai's conjecture 1 for singular varieties. We consider also the case in which for every fiber and is birational.

     

Symmetric powers of complete modules over a two-dimensional regular local ring

Let be a two-dimensional regular local ring with infinite residue field. For a finitely generated, torsion-free -module , write for the th symmetric power of , mod torsion. We study the modules , , when is complete (i.e., integrally closed). In particular, we show that , for any minimal reduction and that the ring is Cohen-Macaulay.

     

An isometry theorem for quadratic differentials on Riemann surfaces of finite genus

Assume both and are Riemann surfaces which are subsets of compact Riemann surfaces and respectively, and that the set has infinitely many points. We show that the only surjective complex linear isometries between the spaces of integrable holomorphic quadratic differentials on and are the ones induced by conformal homeomorphisms and complex constants of modulus 1. It follows that every biholomorphic map from the Teichmüller space of onto the Teichmüller space of is induced by some quasiconformal map of onto . Consequently we can find an uncountable set of Riemann surfaces whose Teichmüller spaces are not biholomorphically equivalent.

     

Homogeneous projective varieties with degenerate secants

The secant variety of a projective variety in , denoted by , is defined to be the closure of the union of lines in passing through at least two points of , and the secant deficiency of is defined by . We list the homogeneous projective varieties with under the assumption that arise from irreducible representations of complex simple algebraic groups. It turns out that there is no homogeneous, non-degenerate, projective variety with and , and the -variety is the only homogeneous projective variety with largest secant deficiency . This gives a negative answer to a problem posed by R. Lazarsfeld and A. Van de Ven if we restrict ourselves to homogeneous projective varieties.

     

The nonexistence of expansive homeomorphisms of a class of continua which contains all decomposable circle-like continua

A homeomorphism of a compactum with metric is expansive if there is such that if and , then there is an integer such that . It is well-known that -adic solenoids () admit expansive homeomorphisms, each is an indecomposable continuum, and cannot be embedded into the plane. In case of plane continua, the following interesting problem remains open: For each , does there exist a plane continuum so that admits an expansive homeomorphism and separates the plane into components? For the case , the typical plane continua are circle-like continua, and every decomposable circle-like continuum can be embedded into the plane. Naturally, one may ask the following question: Does there exist a decomposable circle-like continuum admitting expansive homeomorphisms? In this paper, we prove that a class of continua, which contains all chainable continua, some continuous curves of pseudo-arcs constructed by W. Lewis and all decomposable circle-like continua, admits no expansive homeomorphisms. In particular, any decomposable circle-like continuum admits no expansive homeomorphism. Also, we show that if is an expansive homeomorphism of a circle-like continuum , then is itself weakly chaotic in the sense of Devaney.

     

The generalized Berg theorem and BDF-theorem

Let be a separable simple -algebra with finitely many extreme traces. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for an essentially normal element , i.e., is normal ( is the quotient map), having the form for some normal element and We also show that a normal element can be quasi-diagonalized if and only if the Fredholm index for all In the case that is a simple -algebra of real rank zero, with stable rank one and with continuous scale, and has countable rank, we show that a normal element with zero Fredholm index can be written as

where is an (increasing) approximate identity for consisting of projections, is a bounded sequence of numbers and with for any given

     

Linear isometries between subspaces of continuous functions

We say that a linear subspace of is strongly separating if given any pair of distinct points of the locally compact space , then there exists such that . In this paper we prove that a linear isometry of onto such a subspace of induces a homeomorphism between two certain singular subspaces of the Shilov boundaries of and , sending the Choquet boundary of onto the Choquet boundary of . We also provide an example which shows that the above result is no longer true if we do not assume to be strongly separating. Furthermore we obtain the following multiplicative representation of : for all and all , where is a unimodular scalar-valued continuous function on . These results contain and extend some others by Amir and Arbel, Holszty\'{n}ski, Myers and Novinger. Some applications to isometries involving commutative Banach algebras without unit are announced.

     

Elliptic three-folds II: Multiple fibres

Let be an elliptic fibration with a section, where is a projective surface and is a projective threefold. We determine when it is possible to perform a logarithmic transformation along a closed subset to obtain a new elliptic fibration which now has multiple fibres along . This is done in the setting of Ogg-Shafarevich theory. We find a number of obstructions to performing such a logarithmic transformation, the very last of which takes values in the torsion part of the codimension 2 Chow group of .

     

homology over traced *-algebras

Given a unital complex *-algebra , a tracial positive linear functional on that factors through a *-representation of on Hilbert space, and an -module possessing a resolution by finitely generated projective -modules, we construct homology spaces for . Each is a Hilbert space equipped with a *-representation of , independent (up to unitary equivalence) of the given resolution of . A short exact sequence of -modules gives rise to a long weakly exact sequence of homology spaces. There is a Künneth formula for tensor products. The von Neumann dimension which is defined for -invariant subspaces of gives well-behaved Betti numbers and an Euler characteristic for with respect to and .

     

A Characterization of Finitely Decidable Congruence Modular Varieties

For every finitely generated, congruence modular variety of finite type we find a finite family of finite rings such that the variety is finitely decidable if and only if is congruence permutable and residually small, all solvable congruences in finite algebras from are Abelian, each congruence above the centralizer of the monolith of a subdirectly irreducible algebra from is comparable with all congruences of , each homomorphic image of a subdirectly irreducible algebra with a non-Abelian monolith has a non-Abelian monolith, and, for each ring from , the variety of -modules is finitely decidable.

     

Coherent functors, with application to torsion in the Picard group

Let be a commutative noetherian ring. We investigate a class of functors from commutative -algebras to sets, which we call coherent. When such a functor in fact takes its values in abelian groups, we show that there are only finitely many prime numbers such that is infinite, and that none of these primes are invertible in . This (and related statements) yield information about torsion in . For example, if is of finite type over , we prove that the torsion in is supported at a finite set of primes, and if is infinite, then the prime is not invertible in . These results use the (already known) fact that if such an is normal, then is finitely generated. We obtain a parallel result for a reduced scheme of finite type over . We classify the groups which can occur as the Picard group of a scheme of finite type over a finite field.

     

Signed Quasi-Measures

Let be a compact Hausdorff space and let denote the subsets of which are either open or closed. A quasi-linear functional is a map which is linear on singly generated subalgebras and such that for some . There is a one-to-one correspondence between the quasi-linear functional on and the set functions such that i) , ii) If with and disjoint, then , iii) There is an such that whenever are disjoint open sets, , and iv) if is open and , there is a compact such that whenever is open, then . The space of quasi-linear functionals is investigated and quasi-linear maps between two spaces are studied.

     

Dehn surgery on knots in solid tori creating essential annuli

Let be a -manifold obtained by performing a Dehn surgery on a knot in a solid torus. In the present paper we study when contains a separating essential annulus. It is shown that does not contain such an annulus in the majority of cases. As a corollary, we prove that symmetric knots in the -sphere which are not periodic knots of period satisfy the cabling conjecture. This is an improvement of a result of Luft and Zhang. We have one more application to a problem on Dehn surgeries on knots producing a Seifert fibred manifold over the -sphere with exactly three exceptional fibres.

     

Automorphism Groups and Invariant Subspace Lattices

Let be a - dynamical system and let be the analytic subalgebra of . We extend the work of Loebl and the first author that relates the invariant subspace structure of for a -representation on a Hilbert space , to the possibility of implementing on We show that if is irreducible and if lat is trivial, then is ultraweakly dense in We show, too, that if satisfies what we call the strong Dirichlet condition, then the ultraweak closure of is a nest algebra for each irreducible representation Our methods give a new proof of a ``density' theorem of Kaftal, Larson, and Weiss and they sharpen earlier results of ours on the representation theory of certain subalgebras of groupoid -algebras.