Nonlinear Subdivision Schemes on Irregular Meshes

The present article deals with convergence and smoothness analysis of geometric, nonlinear subdivision schemes in the presence of extraordinary points. We discuss when the existence of a proximity condition between a linear scheme and its nonlinear analogue implies convergence of the nonlinear scheme (for dense enough input data). Furthermore, we obtain C ¹ smoothness of the nonlinear limit function in the vicinity of an extraordinary point over Reif’s characteristic parametrization. The results apply to the geometric analogues of well-known subdivision schemes such as Doo–Sabin or Catmull–Clark schemes.     

Convergence and Smoothness of Nonlinear Lane–Riesenfeld Algorithms in the Functional Setting

We investigate the Lane–Riesenfeld subdivision algorithm for uniform B-splines, when the arithmetic mean in the various steps of the algorithm is replaced by nonlinear, symmetric, binary averaging rules. The averaging rules may be different in different steps of the algorithm. We review the notion of a symmetric binary averaging rule, and we derive some of its relevant properties. We then provide sufficient conditions on the nonlinear binary averaging rules used in the Lane–Riesenfeld algorithm that ensure the convergence of the algorithm to a continuous function. We also show that, when the averaging rules are C ² with uniformly bounded second derivatives, then the limit is a C ¹ function. A canonical family of nonlinear, symmetric averaging rules, the p-averages, is presented, and the Lane–Riesenfeld algorithm with these averages is investigated.     

Invariant manifolds for differential equations

In this paper we discuss the concept ‘generalized exponential dichotomy’ and give the existence ofC ^k invariant manifolds for abstract nonautonomous differential equations in Banach or Hilbert spaces. Also we give a classification of invariant manifolds and an estimate of the locality radius of invariant manifolds.     

Taylorian fields and subdivision algorithms

Some recents papers [3,8] provide a new approach for the concept of subdivision algorithms, widely used in CAGD: they develop the idea of interpolatory subdivision schemes for curves. In this paper, we show how the old results of H. Whitney [13,14] on Taylorian fields giving necessary and sufficient conditions for a function to be of classC ^k on a compact provide also necessary and sufficient conditions which can be used to construct interpolatory subdivision schemes, in order to obtain, at the limit, aC ¹ (orC ^k ,k>1 eventually) function. Moreover, we give general results for the approximation properties of these schemes, and error bounds for the approximation of a given function.     

Center manifolds for nonuniformly partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms

We establish the existence of smooth invariant center manifolds for the nonuniformly partially hyperbolic trajectories of a diffeomorphism in a Banach space. This means that the differentials of the diffeomorphism along the trajectory admit a nonuniform exponential trichotomy. We also consider the more general case of sequences of diffeomorphisms, which corresponds to a nonautonomous dynamics with discrete time. In addition, we obtain an optimal regularity for the center manifolds: if the diffeomorphisms are of class C^k then the manifolds are also of class C^k. As a byproduct of our approach we obtain an exponential control not only for the trajectories on the center manifolds, but also for their derivatives up to order k.     

Convergent Vector and Hermite Subdivision Schemes

Hermite subdivision schemes have been studied by Merrien, Dyn, and Levin and they appear to be very different from subdivision schemes analyzed before since the rules depend on the subdivision level. As suggested by Dyn and Levin, it is possible to transform the initial scheme into a uniform stationary vector subdivision scheme which can be handled more easily.With this transformation, the study of convergence of Hermite subdivision schemes is reduced to that of vector stationary subdivision schemes. We propose a first criterion for C⁰-convergence for a large class of vector subdivision schemes. This gives a criterion for C¹-convergence of Hermite subdivision schemes. It can be noticed that these schemes do not have to be interpolatory. We conclude by investigating spectral properties of Hermite schemes and other necessary/sufficient conditions of convergence.     

Neighborhoods of Leviq-convex domains

We consider bounded and q-complete domains in C ⁿ with C ² boundary. We show that they enjoy special q-convexity properties, i.e., they admit q-convex bounded exhaustion function and their closure do have a fundamental system of (q + 1)-complete neighborhoods. Moreover, we produce an example of a q- complete domain (which we called the q-worm) with smooth boundary whose closure does not possess a fundamental system of q-complete neighborhoods. Finally, extensions of these results to p-complete manifolds are given.     

Hofer'sL ∞-geometry: energy and stability of Hamiltonian flows,part II

In this paper we first show that the necessary condition introduced in our previous paper is also a sufficient condition for a path to be a geodesic in the group Ham ^c (M) of compactly supported Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms. This applies with no restriction onM. We then discuss conditions which guarantee that such a path minimizes the Hofer length. Our argument relies on a general geometric construction (the gluing of monodromies) and on an extension of Gromov's non-squeezing theorem both to more general manifolds and to more general capacities. The manifolds we consider are quasi-cylinders, that is spaces homeomorphic toM×D ² which are symplectically ruled overD ². When we work with the usual capacity (derived from embedded balls), we can prove the existence of paths which minimize the length among all homotopic paths, provided thatM is semi-monotone. (This restriction occurs because of the well-known difficulty with the theory ofJ-holomorphic curves in arbitraryM.) However, we can only prove the existence of length-minimizing paths (i.e. paths which minimize length amongstall paths, not only the homotopic ones) under even more restrictive conditions onM, for example whenM is exact and convex or of dimension 2. The new difficulty is caused by the possibility that there are non-trivial and very short loops in Ham ^c (M). When such lengthminimizing paths do exist, we can extend the Bialy-Polterovich calculation of the Hofer norm on a neighbourhood of the identity (C ^l-flatness).Although it applies to a more restricted class of manifolds, the Hofer-Zehnder capacity seems to be better adapted to the problem at hand, giving sharper estimates in many situations. Also the capacity-area inequality for split cylinders extends more easily to quasi-cylinders in this case. As applications, we generalise Hofer's estimate of the time for which an autonomous flow is length-minimizing to some manifolds other thanR ²ⁿ , and derive new results such as the unboundedness of Hofer's metric on some closed manifolds, and a linear rigidity result.Oblatum 13-X-1994 & 8-V-1995Partially supported by NSERC grant OGP 0092913 and FCAR grant ER-1199Partially supported by NSF grant DMS 9103033 and NSF Visiting Professorship for Women GER 9350075     

Sur la dynamique unidimensionnelle en régularité intermédiaire

Using probabilistic methods, we prove new rigidity results for groups and pseudo-groups of diffeomorphisms of one dimensional manifolds with intermediate regularity class (i.e. between C ¹ and C ²). In particular, we show some generalizations of Denjoy theorem and the classical Kopell lemma for abelian groups. These techniques are also applied to the study of codimension-1 foliations. For instance, we obtain several generalized versions of Sacksteder theorem in class C ¹. We conclude with some remarks about the stationary measure.     

The Embedding W n,1 into C 0 on Compact Riemannian Manifolds

We study the best constant in the inequality corresponding to the Sobolev embedding W ^n,1(R ⁿ ) into the space of bounded continuous functions C ₀(R ⁿ ). Then, we adapt this inequality on compact Riemannian manifolds and discuss on its optimality.     

Groups acting on buildings, operator K-theory, and Novikov''s conjecture

The paper is devoted to the study of the KK-theory of Bruhat-Tits buildings. We develop a theory which is analogous to the corresponding theory for manifolds of nonpositive sectional curvature. We construct a C ^*-algebra and a Dirac element associated to any simplicial complex. In the case of buildings, we construct, moreover, a dual Dirac element and compute its KK-products with the Dirac element. As a consequence, we prove the Novikov conjecture for discrete subgroups of linear adelic groups. In our study, we develop a KK-theoretic Poincaré duality for non-Hausdorff manifolds.Dedicated to Alexander Grothendieck on his sixtieth birthday     

Matrix-valued symmetric templates for interpolatory surface subdivisions: I. Regular vertices

The objective of this paper is to introduce a general procedure for deriving interpolatory surface subdivision schemes with “symmetric subdivision templates” (SSTs) for regular vertices. While the precise definition of “symmetry” will be clarified in the paper, the property of SSTs is instrumental to facilitate application of the standard procedure for finding symmetric weights for taking weighted averages to accommodate extraordinary (or irregular) vertices in surface subdivisions, a topic to be studied in a continuation paper. By allowing the use of matrices as weights, the SSTs introduced in this paper may be constructed to overcome the size barrier limited to scalar-valued interpolatory subdivision templates, and thus avoiding the unnecessary surface oscillation artifacts. On the other hand, while the old vertices in a (scalar) interpolatory subdivision scheme do not require a subdivision template, we will see that this is not the case for the matrix-valued setting. Here, we employ the same definition of interpolation subdivisions as in the usual scalar consideration, simply by requiring the old vertices to be stationary in the definition of matrix-valued interpolatory subdivisions. Hence, there would be another complication when the templates are extended to accommodate extraordinary vertices if the template sizes are not small. In this paper, we show that even for C² interpolatory subdivisions, only one “ring” is sufficient in general, for both old and new vertices. For example, for 1-to-4 split C² interpolatory surface subdivisions, we obtain matrix-valued symmetric interpolatory subdivision templates (SISTs) for both triangular and quadrilateral meshes with sizes that agree with those of the Loop and Catmull–Clark schemes, respectively. Matrix-valued SISTs of similar sizes are also constructed for C² interpolatory and subdivision schemes in this paper. In addition to small template sizes, an obvious feature of matrix-valued weights is the flexibility for introducing shape-control parameters. Another significance is that, in contrast to the usual scalar setting, matrix-valued SISTs can be formulated in terms of the coefficient sequence of some vector refinement equation of interpolating bivariate C² splines with small support. For example, by modifying the spline function vectors introduced in our previous work [C.K. Chui, Q.T. Jiang, Surface subdivision schemes generated by refinable bivariate spline function vectors, Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. 15 (2003) 147–162; C.K. Chui, Q.T. Jiang, Refinable bivariate quartic and quintic C²-splines for quadrilateral subdivisions, Preprint, 2004], C² symmetric interpolatory subdivision schemes associated with refinement equations of C² cubic and quartic splines on the 6-directional and 4-directional meshes, respectively, are also constructed in this paper.     

On Carleman formulas for the Dolbeault Cohomology

We discuss the Cauchy problem for the Dolbeault cohomology in a domain of C ⁿ with data on a part of the boundary. In this setting we introduce the concept of a Carleman function which proves useful in the study of uniqueness. Apart from an abstract framework we show explicit Carleman formulas for the Dolbeault cohomology. To the memory of Lamberto Cattabriga     

On Convergent Interpolatory Subdivision Schemes in Riemannian Geometry

We show the convergence (for all input data) of refinement rules in Riemannian manifolds which are analogous to the linear four-point scheme and similar univariate interpolatory schemes, and which are generalized to the Riemannian setting by the so-called log/exp analogy. For this purpose, we use a lemma on the Hölder regularity of limits of contractive refinement schemes in metric spaces. In combination with earlier results on smoothness of limits, we settle the question of existence of interpolatory refinement rules intrinsic to Riemannian geometry which have \(C^r\) limits for all input data, for \(r \le 3\) . We further establish well-definedness of the reconstruction procedure of “interpolatory” multiscale transforms intrinsic to Riemannian geometry.     

Mapping problems, fundamental groups and defect measures

We study all the possible weak limits of a minimizing sequence, for p-energy functionals, consisting of continuous maps between Riemannian manifolds subject to a Dirichlet boundary condition or a homotopy condition. We show that if p is not an integer, then any such weak limit is a strong limit and, in particular, a stationary p-harmonic map which is C ^1,α continuous away from a closed subset of the Hausdorff dimension ≤ n − [p] − 1. If p is an integer, then any such weak limit is a weakly p-harmonic map along with a (n − p)-rectifiable Radon measure μ. Moreover, the limiting map is C ^1,α continuous away from a closed subset Σ=spt μ ∪ S with H ^{n − p} (S)=0. Finally, we discuss the possible varifolds type theory for Sobolev mappings. Partially supported by NSF Grant DMS 9626166     

Stability of compact actions of ℝ n of codimensional oneof codimensional one

In this paper we study theC ^r stability of locally free compact actions of ℝ ⁿ with compact orbits over manifolds of dimensionn+1. More precisely, we show that in many cases aC ¹ perturbation of an action with all orbits compact must also have all orbits compact and aC ⁰ perturbation usually has many compact orbits.     

Smoothing nonlinear subdivision schemes by averaging

In the theory of linear subdivision algorithms, it is well-known that the regularity of a linear subdivision scheme can be elevated by one order (say, from C ^k to C ^k+1) by composing it with an averaging step (equivalently, by multiplying to the subdivision mask a(z) a (1 + z) factor. In this paper, we show that the same can be done to nonlinear subdivision schemes: by composing with it any nonlinear, smooth, 2-point averaging step, the lifted nonlinear subdivision scheme has an extra order of regularity than the original scheme. A notable application of this result shows that the classical Lane-Riesenfeld algorithm for uniform B-Spline, when extended to Riemannian manifolds based on geodesic midpoint, produces curves with the same regularity as their linear counterparts. (In particular, curvature does not obstruct the nonlinear Lane-Riesenfeld algorithm to inherit regularity from the linear algorithm.) Our main result uses the recently developed technique of differential proximity conditions.     

Smoothness of Stationary Subdivision on Irregular Meshes

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for tangent plane and C ^k -continuity of stationary subdivision schemes near extraordinary vertices. Our criteria generalize most previously known conditions. We introduce a new approach to analysis of subdivision surfaces based on the idea of the universal surface . Any subdivision surface can be locally represented as a projection of the universal surface, which is uniquely defined by the subdivision scheme. This approach provides us with a more intuitive geometric understanding of subdivision near extraordinary vertices. February 16, 1998. Date revised: January 27, 1999. Date accepted: April 2, 1999.     

Boundary value problems for some fully nonlinear elliptic equations

We consider a Yamabe-type problem on locally conformally flat compact manifolds with boundary. The main technique we used is to derive boundary C ² estimates directly from boundary C ⁰ estimates. We will control the third derivatives on the boundary instead of constructing a barrier function. This result is a generalization of the work by Escobar.