用X射线双晶衍射测定CdTe及外延MCT层的径向均匀性

用X射线双晶衍射法测量了(111)晶面的CdTe及外延MCT层的完整性,结果表明CdTe径向晶格常数的一致性差是其完整性低的主要原因。MCT外延层完整性差不仅与径向晶格常数的一致性差有关,而且对小范围内的完整性也有较大影响,生长条件有待进一步改善。     

多元多色HgCdTe红外探测器

简要介绍利用不同波段的微型滤光片和不同响应波段的多元ＨｇＣｄＴｅ红外探测器,叙述了通过精密镶嵌技术组合而成的四波段２１５～２２５μｍ、８４～８９μｍ、１０３～１１３μｍ和１１５～１２５μｍ８８元多元多色探测器的设计原理和特性,以及多元多色探测器的组合工艺,并给出了各个通道的响应光谱特性和探测器的工作性能。研制成功的８８元多色红外探测器每个通道的平均探测率和响应率分别为：Ｄ２．１５～２．２５＝１．２×１０１２ｃｍＨｚ１／２／Ｗ和Ｒ２．１５～２．２５＝５．０×１０６Ｖ／Ｗ,Ｄ８．４～８．９＝７．０×１０１０ｃｍＨｚ１／２／Ｗ和Ｒ８．４～８．９＝１．６×１０４Ｖ／Ｗ,Ｄ１０．３～１１．３＝４．０×１０１０ｃｍＨｚ１／２／Ｗ和Ｒ１０．３～１１．３＝４．３×１０３Ｖ／Ｗ,Ｄ１１．５～１２．５＝３．０×１０１０ｃｍＨｚ１／２／Ｗ和Ｒ１１．５～１２．５＝３．３×１０３Ｖ／Ｗ,文中对这些结果进行了分析和讨论。     

SIMS在碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器工艺中的应用

文章介绍了二次离子质谱仪的结构及其基本工作原理,并通过对典型应用的分析,介绍了二次离子质谱分析技术在高灵敏度碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器材料和器件制备工艺中的作用,特别是在结探监测和微量杂质监控方面所发挥的重要作用。     

碲镉汞探测器的表面钝化

讨论表面钝化的概念、特性和作用,比较各类钝化技术及用于碲镉汞红外探测器的适应性.     

分子束外延法及离子束溅射法生长CdTe和HgCdTe膜的比较

本文评论关于红外应用的分子束外延(MBE)生长CdTe和HgCdTe膜的现状。MBE方法的实力在于有极好的均匀性、体状霍耳特性和清晰的界面控制。不过,生长方法是复杂的,掺杂难以控制,需要的高汞流量引起了制作方面的问题。本文还叙述离子束溅射法的初步结果,并针对MBE的局限性,讨论这种技术的适用性。     

红外探测器材料和HgCdTe材料的发展现状

简要介绍了主要的红外探测器材料,包括半导体光电探测器材料,热释电材料和热敏电阻材料,回顾了ＨｇＣｄＴｅ材料的发展历史和现状,液相外延,分子束外延和金属有机物汽相外延是目前生长ＨｇＣｄＴｅ薄膜的３种主要技术,作者认为,薄膜材料是今后红外探测器材料的主要研究课题。     

碲镉汞长波光导红外探测器的侧面钝化研究

为了解决小光敏元器件由于裸露在外的侧面占的比例大,易发生Hg溢出,对器件性能影响大的问题,在芯片制备过程中采用先刻蚀图形,再进行表面和侧面阳极氧化的工艺,制备了器件.利用SEM对芯片的侧面钝化效果进行了表征,并对器件进行了真空热浸和紫外光照射实验.SEM分析表明,器件侧面明显变光滑,通过腐蚀和侧面钝化,可以有效去除离子束刻蚀引入的缺陷.真空热浸的实验结果表明,侧面钝化后,器件耐热浸能力变强,小面积器件尤为明显.紫外光照射实验结果表明,经紫外光照射后,常规和侧面钝化器件性能均有所提高,这是因为紫外光照射促进了氧的扩散,减少了由于氧不足造成的氧的空位;同时,臭氧和氧原子的强氧化作用引起侧面的氧化.这些结果可为侧面钝化在短波红外半导体器件方面的应用提供实验基础.     

采用叠盖电极的高性能光导HgCdTe红外探测器

介绍叠盖电极探测器的物理机理和结构，与标准结构探测器比较，其响应率和黑体探测率均有大的增长，实验结果表明响应率增长约１倍，赤体探测率增主３０％。无需改变现有工艺，成功制备实用工程探测器，性能明显提高。     

分子束外延的CdTe在碲镉汞中波器件中钝化效果

采用分子束外延技术（MBE）制备了碲化镉（CdTe）原位钝化的中波碲镉汞（HgCdTe）材料。原子力显微镜（AFM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试结果表明,分子束原位外延的CdTe可见cross-hatch,表面粗糙度为1～2 nm,CdTe和HgCdTe界面结合紧密。微波光导测试结果显示,77 K时,与表面处理后非原位CdTe钝化的HgCdTe材料相比,CdTe原位钝化的HgCdTe材料的少子寿命较大。制备了分子束外延CdTe原位钝化的中波HgCdTe光伏器件,和相同材料上的非原位CdTe/ZnS双层钝化制备的器件I-V特性相似。     

A CdTe passivation process for long wavelength infrared HgCdTe photo-detectors

Passivant-Hg_1−xCd_xTe interface has been studied for the CdTe and anodic oxide (AO) passivants. The former passivation process yields five times lower surface recombination velocity than the latter process. Temperature dependence of surface recombination velocity of the CdTe/n-HgCdTe and AO/n-HgCdTe interface is analyzed. Activation energy of the surface traps for CdTe and AO-passivated wafers are estimated to be in the range of 7–10 meV. These levels are understood to be arising from Hg vacancies at the HgCdTe surface. Fixed charge density for CdTe/n-HgCdTe interface measured by CV technique is 5×10¹⁰ cm⁻², which is comparable to the epitaxially grown CdTe films. An order of magnitude improvement in responsivity and a factor of 4 increase in specific detectivity (D*) is achieved by CdTe passivation over AO passivation. This study has been conducted on photoconductive detectors to qualify the CdTe passivation process, with an ultimate aim to use it for the passivation of p-on-n and n-on-p HgCdTe photodiodes.     

Characterization of CdTe for HgCdTe surface passivation

The objectives of this work are to study the physical and chemical structure of CdTe films using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and atomic force miroscopy (AFM) and to demonstrate the usefulness of these analytical techniques in determining the characteristics of CdTe-passivation films deposited by different techniques on HgCdTe material. Three key aspects of CdTe passivation of HgCdTe are addressed by different analytical tools: a) morphological microstructure of CdTe films examined by atomic force microscopy; b) compositional profile across the interface determined by Matrix (Te)—SIMS technique; c) concentration of various impurities across the CdTe/HgCdTe structure profiled by secondary ion-mass spectrometry.     

CdTe/ZnS双层钝化碲镉汞长波探测器制备的研究

开展了CdTe/ZnS双层钝化碲镉汞长波探测器制备的研究。CdTe钝化膜经退火热处理后,可实现CdTe/MCT界面的互扩散,并改善CdTe钝化膜的质量。通过全湿法腐蚀方法完成了金属化开口,制备了长波碲镉汞600×18@15 μm规格线列和640×512@15 μm规格面阵。线列I-V测试表明:CdTe/ZnS双层钝化膜能有效地减少长波碲镉汞器件的表面漏电流,器件的反向结特性良好。面阵在77K测试:NETD 26.7 mK,有效像元率95.4%,并对室温目标进行了凝视成像。测试过程出现了4%左右由噪声引起的零散盲元,是由芯片面阵局部钝化失效引起的,表明钝化膜沉积工艺及芯片加工工艺尚有改进的空间。     

Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition CdTe passivation of HgCdTe

CdTe epilayers are grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on bulk HgCdTe crystals with x ~ 0.22 grown by the traveling heater method (THM). The THM HgCdTe substrates are (111) oriented and the CdTe is grown on the Te face. The metalorganic sources are DMCd and DETe, and the growth is performed at subatmospheric pressure. Ultraviolet (UV) photon-assisted hydrogen radicals pretreatment plays a dominant role in the electrical properties of the resulting heterostructures. The requirements of a good passivation for HgCdTe photodiodes vis-a-vis the passivation features of CdTe/HgCdTe heterostructures are discussed. The effect of valence band offset and interface charges on the band diagrams of p-isotype CdTe/HgCdTe heterostructures, for typical doping levels of the bulk HgCdTe substrates and the MOCVD grown CdTe, is presented. Electrical properties of the CdTe/HgCdTe passivation are determined by capacitance-voltage and current-voltage characteristics of metal-insulator-semiconductor test devices, where the MOCVD CdTe is the insulator. It is found that the HgCdTe surface is strongly inverted and the interface charge density is of the order of 10¹²cm² when the CdTe epilayer is grown without the UV pretreatment. With the in-situ UV photon-assisted hydrogen radicals pretreatment, the HgCdTe surface is accumulated and the interface charge density is -4. 10¹¹ cm^-2.     

CdTe/ZnS复合钝化层对长波碲镉汞器件性能的影响研究

采用CdTe/ZnS复合钝化技术对长波HgCdTe薄膜进行表面钝化,并对钝化膜生长工艺进行了改进。采用不同钝化工艺分别制备了MIS器件和二极管器件,并进行了SEM、C-V和I-V表征分析,研究了HgCdTe/钝化层之间的界面特性及其对器件性能的影响。结果表明,钝化工艺改进后所生长的CdTe薄膜更为致密且无大的孔洞,CdTe/HgCdTe界面晶格结构有序度获得改善;采用改进的钝化工艺制备的MIS器件C-V测试曲线呈现高频特性,界面固定电荷面密度从改进前的1.671011 cm-2下降至5.691010 cm-2;采用常规钝化工艺制备的二极管器件在较高反向偏压下出现较大的表面沟道漏电流,新工艺制备的器件表面漏电现象获得了有效抑制。     

碲镉汞高工作温度红外探测器

基于当前红外探测器技术的发展方向,从高工作温度红外探测器应用需求的角度分析了碲镉汞高工作温度红外探测器在组件重量、外形尺寸、功耗、环境适应性及可靠性方面的优势。总结了欧美等发达国家在碲镉汞高工作温度红外探测器研究方面的技术路线及研究现状。从器件暗电流和噪声机制的角度分析了碲镉汞光电器件在不同工作温度下的暗电流和噪声变化情况及其对器件性能的影响;总结了包括基于工艺优化的Hg空位p型n-on-p结构碲镉汞器件、基于In掺杂p-on-n结构和Au掺杂n-on-p结构的非本征掺杂碲镉汞高工作温度器件、基于nBn势垒阻挡结构的碲镉汞高工作温度器件及基于吸收层热激发载流子俄歇抑制的非平衡模式碲镉汞高工作温度器件在内的不同技术路线碲镉汞高工作温度器件的基本原理,对比分析了不同技术路线碲镉汞高工作温度器件的性能及探测器制备的技术难点。在综合分析不同技术路线高温器件性能与技术实现难度的基础上展望了碲镉汞高工作温度器件技术未来的发展方向,认为基于低浓度掺杂吸收层的全耗尽结构器件具备更好的发展潜力。     

Dual-band infrared detectors made on high-quality HgCdTe epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on CdZnTe or CdTe/Ge substrates

In this paper, we present all the successive steps for realizing dual-band infrared detectors operating in the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) band. High crystalline quality HgCdTe multilayer stacks have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on CdZnTe and CdTe/Ge substrates. Material characterization in the light of high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) results and dislocation density measurements are exposed in detail. These characterizations show some striking differences between structures grown on the two kinds of substrates. Device processing and readout circuit for 128×128 focal-plane array (FPA) fabrication are described. The electro-optical characteristics of the devices show that devices grown on Ge match those grown on CdZnTe substrates in terms of responsivity, noise measurements, and operability.     

CdTe as a passivating layer in CdTe/HgCdTe heterostructures

CdTe/Hg_{1 ? x} Cd _x Te heterostructures are studied. In the structures, CdTe is used as a passivating layer deposited as a polycrystal or single crystal on a single-crystal Hg_{1 ? x} Cd _x Te film. The film and a passivating layer were obtained in a single technological process of molecular beam epitaxy. The structure of passivating layers was studied by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, and the effect of the structure of the passivating layer on the properties of the active layer was studied by X-ray diffractometry. Mechanical properties of heterostructures were studied by the microhardness method. Electrical and photoelectrical parameters of the Hg_{1 ? x} Cd _x Te films are reported.     

碲镉汞线列红外探测器模块温度循环的可靠性

针对直接倒焊(Ⅰ型)、间接倒焊(Ⅱ型)两种红外探测器模块,两者中的探测器芯片、硅读出电路和引线基板的尺寸完全相同,只在倒焊封装结构上有所差异,用有限元方法分析比较了这两种封装形式的基本模块于液氮温度时的热应力和形变大小情况,分析结果与实验现象符合较好,模块低温形变值的测量验证了有限元分析结果的合理性.