Tannaka-Krein duality for compact groupoids I, Representation theory

In a series of papers, we have shown that from the representation theory of a compact groupoid one can reconstruct the groupoid using the procedure similar to the Tannaka-Krein duality for compact groups. In this part we study continuous representations of compact groupoids. We show that irreducible representations have finite dimensional fibres. We prove Schur's lemma and Peter-Weyl theorem for compact groupoids.     

Pseudogroups and their étale groupoids

A pseudogroup is a complete infinitely distributive inverse monoid. Such inverse monoids bear the same relationship to classical pseudogroups of transformations as frames do to topological spaces. The goal of this paper is to develop the theory of pseudogroups motivated by applications to group theory, C^∗$C^{\ast }$-algebras and aperiodic tilings. Our starting point is an adjunction between a category of pseudogroups and a category of étale groupoids from which we are able to set up a duality between spatial pseudogroups and sober étale groupoids. As a corollary to this duality, we deduce a non-commutative version of Stone duality involving what we call boolean inverse semigroups and boolean étale groupoids, as well as a generalization of this duality to distributive inverse semigroups. Non-commutative Stone duality has important applications in the theory of C^∗$C^{\ast }$-algebras: it is the basis for the construction of Cuntz and Cuntz–Krieger algebras and in the case of the Cuntz algebras it can also be used to construct the Thompson groups. We then define coverages on inverse semigroups and the resulting presentations of pseudogroups. As applications, we show that Paterson’s universal groupoid is an example of a booleanization, and reconcile Exel’s recent work on the theory of tight maps with the work of the second author.     

Étale groupoids and their quantales

We establish close and previously unknown relations between quantales and groupoids. In particular, to each étale groupoid, either localic or topological, there is associated a unital involutive quantale. We obtain a bijective correspondence between localic étale groupoids and their quantales, which are given a rather simple characterization and here are called inverse quantal frames. We show that the category of inverse quantal frames is equivalent to the category of complete and infinitely distributive inverse monoids, and as a consequence we obtain a (non-functorial) correspondence between these and localic étale groupoids that generalizes more classical results concerning inverse semigroups and topological étale groupoids. This generalization is entirely algebraic and it is valid in an arbitrary topos. As a consequence of these results we see that a localic groupoid is étale if and only if its sublocale of units is open and its multiplication map is semiopen, and an analogue of this holds for topological groupoids. In practice we are provided with new tools for constructing localic and topological étale groupoids, as well as inverse semigroups, for instance via presentations of quantales by generators and relations. The characterization of inverse quantal frames is to a large extent based on a new quantale operation, here called a support, whose properties are thoroughly investigated, and which may be of independent interest.     

Bivariant K-theory via correspondences

We use correspondences to define a purely topological equivariant bivariant K-theory for spaces with a proper groupoid action. Our notion of correspondence differs slightly from that of Connes and Skandalis. Our construction uses no special features of equivariant K-theory. To highlight this, we construct bivariant extensions for arbitrary equivariant multiplicative cohomology theories.We formulate necessary and sufficient conditions for certain duality isomorphisms in the topological bivariant K-theory and verify these conditions in some cases, including smooth manifolds with a smooth cocompact action of a Lie group. One of these duality isomorphisms reduces bivariant K-theory to K-theory with support conditions. Since similar duality isomorphisms exist in Kasparov theory, the topological and analytic bivariant K-theories agree if there is such a duality isomorphism.     

Dualité tannakienne pour les quasi-groupoïdes quantiques

This paper is the sequel of a previous one [2] where we extended the Tannaka-Krein duality results to the non-commutative situation, i.e. to ‘quantum groupoids’. Here we extend those results to the quasi-monoidal situation, corresponding to ‘quasi-quantum groupoids’ as defined in [3] (‘quasi-’ stands for quasi-associativity a la Drinfeld). More precisely, let B be a commutative algebra over a field k. Given a tensor autonomous category τ,. we define the notion of a quasi-fibre functor ω:τ-proj B (here, ‘quasi-’ means without compatibility to associativity constraints). On the other hand, we define the notion of a transitive quasi-quantum groupoid over B. We then show that the category of tensor autonomous categories equipped with a quasi-fibre functor (with suitable morphisms), is equivalent to the category of transitive quasi-quantum groupoids (5.4.2)

Moreover, we classify quasi-fibre functors for a semisimple tensor autonomous category (6.1.2), and give a few examples : a family of quantum groups having the same tensor category of representations as Sl²(C), but with non-isornorphic underlying coalgebras, constructed by means of an R-matrix introduced by Gurevich ([9]) in a manner suggested to the author by Lyubashenko (6.2.1 and 6.2.2), and quasi-quantum groups which cannot be obtained from quantum groups by a Drinfeld twist (6.2.1)     

A tale of two categories: Inductive groupoids and cross-connections

A groupoid is a small category in which all morphisms are isomorphisms. An inductive groupoid is a specialized groupoid whose object set is a regular biordered set and the morphisms admit a partial order. A normal category is a specialized small category whose object set is a strict preorder and the morphisms admit a factorization property. A pair of ‘related’ normal categories constitutes a cross-connection. Both inductive groupoids and cross-connections were identified by Nambooripad as categorical models of regular semigroups. We explore the inter-relationship between these seemingly different categorical structures and prove a direct category equivalence between the category of inductive groupoids and the category of cross-connections.     

On topological set theory

This paper is concerned with topological set theory, and particularly with Skala's and Manakos' systems for which we give a topological characterization of the models. This enables us to answer natural questions about those theories, reviewing previous results and proving new ones. One of these shows that Skala's set theory is in a sense compatible with any ‘normal’ set theory, and another appears on the semantic side as a ‘Cantor theorem’ for the category of Alexandroff spaces. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Commutative medial ternary groupoids

The paper studies the class of commutative medial ternary groupoids. A construction of ternary semiterms is given and it is proved that the equational theory of medial commutative ternary groupoids is solvable, namely, an algorithm is found, which in allmedial commutative ternary groupoids verifies the validity of the identity u = v for any pair (u, v) of terms. A construction of free medial commutative ternary groupoids is given, and it is proved that anymedial commutative ternary groupoid has a convex linear representation.     

Chu duality theory and coalgebraic representation of quantum symmetries

Building upon Vaughan Pratt's work on applications of Chu space theory to Stone duality, we develop a general theory of categorical dualities on the basis of Chu space theory and closure conditions, which encompasses a variety of dualities for topological spaces, convex spaces, closure spaces, and measurable spaces (some of which are new duality results on their own). It works as a general method to generate analogues of categorical dualities between frames (locales) and topological spaces beyond topology, e.g., for measurable spaces, convex spaces, and closure spaces. After establishing the Chu duality theory, we apply the state-observable duality between quantum lattices and closure spaces to coalgebraic representations of quantum symmetries, showing that the quantum symmetry groupoid fully embeds into a purely coalgebraic category, i.e., the category of Born coalgebras, which refines, through the quantum duality that follows from Chu duality theory, Samson Abramsky's fibred coalgebraic representations of quantum symmetries (which, in turn, builds upon his Chu representations of symmetries).     

Hausdorff tight groupoids generalised

We extend Exel’s ample tight groupoid construction to general locally compact étale groupoids in the Hausdorff case. Moreover, we show how inverse semigroups are represented in this way as ‘pseudobases’ of open bisections, thus yielding a duality which encompasses various extensions of the classic Stone duality.     

Hierarchies of holonomy groupoids for foliated bundles

We give a new construction of the holonomy groupoid of a regular foliation in terms of a partial connection on a diffeological principal bundle of germs of transverse parametrisations, which may be viewed as a systematisation of Winkelnkemper’s original construction using ideas from gauge theory. We extend these ideas to construct a novel holonomy groupoid for any foliated bundle, which we prove sits at the top of a hierarchy of diffeological jet holonomy groupoids associated with the foliated bundle. This shows that while the Winkelnkemper holonomy groupoid is the smallest Lie groupoid that integrates a foliation, it is far from the smallest diffeological groupoid that does so.

     

辛轨形群胚的辛邻域定理

本文给出一种几何的子轨形群胚的定义,还给出了判定子轨形群胚的依据,并证明了紧子轨形群胚的轨形管状邻域、紧辛子轨形群胚的辛邻域和紧Lagrangian子轨形群胚的Lagrangian邻域的存在性.     

Inverse semigroup actions as groupoid actions

To an inverse semigroup, we associate an étale groupoid such that its actions on topological spaces are equivalent to actions of the inverse semigroup. Both the object and the arrow space of this groupoid are non-Hausdorff. We show that this construction provides an adjoint functor to the functor that maps a groupoid to its inverse semigroup of bisections, where we turn étale groupoids into a category using algebraic morphisms. We also discuss how to recover a groupoid from this inverse semigroup.     

Théorie tannakienne non commutative

Inspired by a recent paper by Deligne [2], we extend the Tannaka-Krein duility results (over a field) to the non-commutative situation. To be precise, we establish a 1-1 corresponde:ice between ‘tensorial autonomous categories’ equipped with a ‘fibre functor’ (i. e. tannakian categories without the commutativity condition on the tensor product), and ‘quantum groupoids’ (as defined by Maltsiniotis, [9]) which are ‘transitive’ (7.1.). When the base field is perfect, a quantum groupoid over Spec B is transitive iff it is projective and faithfully fiat over B? _k B. Moreover, the fibre functor is unique up to ‘quantum isomorphism’ (7.6.). Actually, we show Tannaka-Krein duality results in the more general setting where there is no monoidal structure on the category (and the functor); the algebraic object corresponding to such a category is a ‘semi-transitive’ coalgebroid (5.2. and 5.8.).     

Representing topoi by topological groupoids

It is shown that every topos with enough points is equivalent to the classifying topos of a topological groupoid.     

Representations of orbifold groupoids

Orbifold groupoids have been recently widely used to represent both effective and ineffective orbifolds. We show that every orbifold groupoid can be faithfully represented on a continuous family of finite dimensional Hilbert spaces. As a consequence we obtain the result that every orbifold groupoid is Morita equivalent to the translation groupoid of an almost free action of a proper bundle of topological groups.     

Compactly generated stacks: A Cartesian closed theory of topological stacks

A convenient bicategory of topological stacks is constructed which is both complete and Cartesian closed. This bicategory, called the bicategory of compactly generated stacks, is the analogue of classical topological stacks, but for a different Grothendieck topology. In fact, there is an equivalence of bicategories between compactly generated stacks and those classical topological stacks which admit locally compact Hausdorff atlases. Compactly generated stacks are also equivalent to a bicategory of topological groupoids and principal bundles, just as in the classical case. If a classical topological stack and a compactly generated stack have a presentation by the same topological groupoid, then they restrict to the same stack over locally compact Hausdorff spaces and are homotopy equivalent.     

A semantic hierarchy for intuitionistic logic

Brouwer’s views on the foundations of mathematics have inspired the study of intuitionistic logic, including the study of the intuitionistic propositional calculus and its extensions. The theory of these systems has become an independent branch of logic with connections to lattice theory, topology, modal logic, and other areas. This paper aims to present a modern account of semantics for intuitionistic propositional systems. The guiding idea is that of a hierarchy of semantics, organized by increasing generality: from the least general Kripke semantics on through Beth semantics, topological semantics, Dragalin semantics, and finally to the most general algebraic semantics. While the Kripke, topological, and algebraic semantics have been extensively studied, the Beth and Dragalin semantics have received less attention. We bring Beth and Dragalin semantics to the fore, relating them to the concept of a nucleus from pointfree topology, which provides a unifying perspective on the semantic hierarchy.     

Amalgamation functors and boundary properties in simple theories

This paper continues the study of generalized amalgamation properties begun in [1], [2], [3], [5] and [6]. Part of the paper provides a finer analysis of the groupoids that arise from failure of 3-uniqueness in a stable theory. We show that such groupoids must be abelian and we link the binding group of the groupoids to a certain automorphism group of the monster model, showing that the group must be abelian as well. We also study connections between n-existence and n-uniqueness properties for various “dimensions” n in the wider context of simple theories. We introduce a family of weaker existence and uniqueness properties. Many of these properties did appear in the literature before; we give a category-theoretic formulation and study them systematically. Finally, we give examples of first-order simple unstable theories showing, in particular, that there is no straightforward generalization of the groupoid construction in an unstable context.     

Fibred coarse embeddings,a-T-menability and the coarse analogue of the Novikov conjecture

The connection between the coarse geometry of metric spaces and analytic properties of topological groupoids is well known. One of the main results of Skandalis, Tu and Yu is that a space admits a coarse embedding into Hilbert space if and only if a certain associated topological groupoid is a-T-menable. This groupoid characterisation then reduces the proof that the coarse Baum–Connes conjecture holds for a coarsely embeddable space to known results for a-T-menable groupoids. The property of admitting a fibred coarse embedding into Hilbert space was introduced by Chen, Wang and Yu to provide a property that is sufficient for the maximal analogue to the coarse Baum–Connes conjecture and in this paper we connect this property to the traditional coarse Baum–Connes conjecture using a restriction of the coarse groupoid and homological algebra. Additionally we use this results to give a characterisation of the a-T-menability for residually finite discrete groups.