Synthesis,kinetics, and mechanism for adduct formation of tetraaza Schiff base cobalt(II) complexes with diorganotin(IV)dichlorides in dimethylformamide solvent

The kinetics and mechanism of the adduct formation of diorganotin(IV)dichlorides with Co(II) tetraaza Schiff base complexes, such as [Co(ampen)] {[N,N′‐ethylenebis‐(o‐amino‐α‐phenylbenzylideneiminato)cobalt(II)]}, [Co(campen)] {[N,N′‐ethylenebis‐(5‐chloro‐o‐amino‐α‐phenylbenzylideneiminato)cobalt(II)]}, and [Co(amaen)] {[N,N′‐ethylenebis‐(o‐amino‐α‐methylbenzylideneiminato)cobalt(II)]}, were studied spectrophotometrically. The kinetic parameters and the rate constant values show the following acceptor tendency trend for the diorganotin(IV)dichlorides: Ph₂SnCl₂> Me₂SnCl₂> Bu₂SnCl₂. Adducts have been separately synthesized and fully characterized by ¹¹⁹SnNMR, IR, UV–vis spectra, and elemental microanalysis (C,H,N) methods. The trend of the rate constants for the adduct formation of the cobalt complexes with a given tin acceptor decreases as follow: Co(amaen) > Co(ampen) > Co(campen). The linear plots of k_obs vs. the molar concentration of the diorganotin(IV)dichlorides, the high span of the second‐order rate constant k₂ values, and the large negative values of AS^≠ suggest an associative (A) mechanism for the acceptor–donor adduct formation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 499–507, 2010     

Kinetics and mechanism of adducts formation of tetraaza cobalt(II) complexes with some organic bases in DMF solvent

The kinetics and mechanism of the adduct formation of two Co(II) tetraaza complexes, [Co(ampen)] {[(N,N′‐ethylenebis‐(o‐amino‐α‐phenylbenzylideneiminato)cobalt(II)]} and [Co(campen)] {[(N,N′‐ethylenebis‐(5‐chloro‐o‐amino‐α‐phenylbenzylideneiminato)cobalt(II)]}, with four organic bases, 4‐nitro imidazole (4‐NO₂Imid), 4‐methyl imidazole (4‐MeImid), imidazole (Imid), and 1‐methyl imidazole (1‐MeImid), in DMF were studied spectrophotometrically. The kinetic parameters and the second‐order k₂ rate constants show the following nucleophilicity trend of the bases toward the given substrate: 4‐NO₂Imid > 4‐MeImid > Imid > 1‐MeImid. The linear plots of k_obs vs. the molar concentration of the base, the high span of k₂ values, and the large negative values of ΔS^≠ suggest an associative (A) mechanism. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 137–144, 2007     

New chiral α‐diimine nickel(II) complexes bearing ortho‐sec‐phenethyl groups for ethylene polymerization

A series of new α‐diimine nickel(II) catalysts bearing bulky chiral sec‐phenethyl groups have been synthesized and characterized. The molecular structure of representative chiral ligand, bis[N,N′‐(4‐methyl‐2,6‐di‐sec‐phenethylphenyl)imino]‐1,2‐dimethylethane rac‐1c and chiral complexes, {bis[N,N′‐(4‐methyl‐2‐sec‐phenethylphenyl)imino]‐2,3‐butadiene}dibromidonickel rac‐2a and bis{bis[N,N′‐(4‐methyl‐2‐sec‐phenethylphenyl)imino]‐2,3‐butadiene}dibromidonickel rac‐2b, were confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Complex rac‐2c bearing two chiral sec‐phenethyl groups in the ortho‐aryl position and a methyl group in the para‐aryl position, activated by diethylaluminum chloride (DEAC), showed highly catalytic activity for the polymerization of ethylene [4.12 × 10⁶ g PE (mol Ni.h.bar)^?1], and produced highly branched polyethylenes under low ethylene pressure (branching degree: 104, 118 and 126 branches/1000 C at 20, 40 and 60°C, respectively). Chiral 20‐electron bis‐α‐diimine Ni(II) complex rac‐2b also exhibited high activity toward ethylene polymerization [1.71 × 10⁶ g PE (mol Ni · h · bar)^?1]. The type and amount of branches of the polyethylenes obtained were determined by ¹H and ¹³C NMR. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

catena‐Poly[[[N,N′‐bis­(salicyl­idene)propane‐1,3‐diaminato]cobalt(III)]‐μ‐azido] and catena‐poly[[[N,N′‐bis(salicyl­idene)propane‐1,3‐diaminato]cobalt(III)]‐μ‐thio­cyanato]

The two title complexes, catena‐poly[[{2,2′‐[1,3‐propane­diylbis(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphenolato}cobalt(III)]‐μ‐azido], [Co(C₁₇H₁₆N₂O₂)(N₃)]_n, (I), and catena‐poly[[{2,2′‐[1,3‐propane­diylbis(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphenolato}cobalt(III)]‐μ‐thio­cyanato], [Co(C₁₇H₁₆N₂O₂)(NCS)]_n, (II), are isomorphous polynuclear cobalt(III) compounds. In both structures, the Co^III atom is six‐coordinated in an octa­hedral configuration by two N atoms and two O atoms of one Schiff base, and two terminal N or S atoms from two bridging ligands. The [N,N′‐bis­(salicyl­idene)propane‐1,3‐diaminato]cobalt(III) moieties are linked by the bridging ligands, viz. azide in (I) and thio­cyanate in (II), giving zigzag polymeric chains with backbones of the type [–Co—N—N—N—Co]_n in (I) or [–Co—N—C—S—Co]_n in (II) running along the c axis.     

A one‐dimensional zinc(II) coordination polymer incorporating [1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate and N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐dicarboxamide ligands

In the title compound, catena‐poly[[[N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐dicarboxamide]chloridozinc(II)]‐μ‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐dicarboxylato‐[[N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐dicarboxamide]chloridozinc(II)]‐μ‐[N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐dicarboxamide]], [Zn₂(C₁₄H₈O₄)Cl₂(C₂₆H₂₂N₄O₂)₃]_n, the Zn^II centre is four‐coordinate and approximately tetrahedral, bonding to one carboxylate O atom from a bidentate bridging dianionic [1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate ligand, to two pyridine N atoms from two N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐dicarboxamide ligands and to one chloride ligand. The pyridyl ligands exhibit bidentate bridging and monodentate terminal coordination modes. The bidentate bridging pyridyl ligand and the bridging [1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate ligand both lie on special positions, with inversion centres at the mid‐points of their central C—C bonds. These bridging groups link the Zn^II centres into a one‐dimensional tape structure that propagates along the crystallographic b direction. The tapes are interlinked into a two‐dimensional layer in the ab plane through N—H...O hydrogen bonds between the monodentate ligands. In addition, the thermal stability and solid‐state photoluminescence properties of the title compound are reported.     

Completing the bis[hydroxybis(pyridin‐2‐yl)methanesulfonato‐κ3N,O,N′]MII series (M = Mn to Zn) with the copper(II) and cobalt(II) structures

The Cu^II complex bis[hydroxybis(pyridin‐2‐yl)methanesulfonato‐κ³N,O,N′]copper(II) hexahydrate, [Cu(C₁₁H₉N₂O₄S)₂]·6H₂O, (I), crystallizes in the space group P, compared with P2₁/c for the anhydrous Co^II analogue bis[hydroxybis(pyridin‐2‐yl)methanesulfonato‐κ³N,O,N′]cobalt(II), [Co(C₁₁H₉N₂O₄S)₂], (II). However, both molecules sit on a crystallographic inversion centre and are thus very similar in appearance. Jahn–Teller elongation of the Cu—O bonds [2.347 (3) Å in (I) and 2.064 (2) Å in (II)] influences the S—O bond lengths, which are all around 1.455 (3) Å in (I) and 1.436 (2)–1.473 (2) Å in (II).     

A novel cobalt(II) coordination polymer containing the fumarate anion and o‐phenanthroline

The self‐assembly of three crystallographically distinct fumar­ate ions, two unique cobalt(II) ions and two unique o‐phen­;anthroline mol­ecules results in a two‐dimensional polymeric structure with the formula [Co₂(C₄H₂O₄)₂(C₁₂H₈N₂)₂]_n, namely di‐μ‐fumatato‐bis(o‐phenanthroline)­dicobalt(II). The Co atoms are at the nodes of a two‐dimensional array linked by coordinated fumarate ligands. Each Co atom is coordinated in a distorted octahedral manner to four fumarate O atoms and two N atoms from the chelating phenanthroline ligands.     

Syntheses,Structures, and Electrochemical Properties of Two Bis‐triazole‐bis‐amide‐based Copper(II) Pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylate Coordination Polymers

Abstract. Two bis‐triazole‐bis‐amide‐based copper(II) pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylate coordination polymers (CPs), [Cu(2,3‐pydc)(dtb)_0.5(DMF)] · 2H₂O ( 1 ) and [Cu(2,3‐pydc)(dth)_0.5(DMF)] · 2H₂O ( 2 ) (2,3‐H₂pydc = pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid, dtb = N,N′‐bis(4H‐1,2,4‐triazole)butanamide, and dth = N,N′‐bis(4H‐1,2,4‐triazole)hexanamide), were synthesized under solvothermal conditions. CPs 1 and 2 show similar two‐dimensional (2D) structures. In 1 , the 2,3‐pydc anions bridge the Cu^II ions into a one‐dimensional (1D) chain. Such 1D chains are linked by the dtb ligands to form a 2D layer. The adjacent 2D layers are extended into a three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular architecture by hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The electrochemical properties of 1 and 2 were investigated.     

Syntheses and Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance of Cationic Bis(phosphine) Cobalt(I) Diene and Arene Compounds

Chloride abstraction from [(R,R)‐(^iPrDuPhos)Co(μ‐Cl)]₂ with NaBAr^F₄ (BAr^F₄=B[(3,5‐(CF₃)₂)C₆H₃]₄) in the presence of dienes, such as 1,5‐cyclooctadiene (COD) or norbornadiene (NBD), yielded long sought‐after cationic bis(phosphine) cobalt complexes, [(R,R)‐(^iPrDuPhos)Co(η²,η²‐diene)][BAr^F₄]. The COD complex proved substitutionally labile undergoing diene substitution with tetrahydrofuran, NBD, or arenes. The resulting 18‐electron, cationic cobalt(I) arene complexes, as well as the [(R,R)‐(^iPrDuPhos)Co(diene)][BAr^F₄] derivatives, proved to be highly active and enantioselective precatalysts for asymmetric alkene hydrogenation. A cobalt–substrate complex, [(R,R)‐(^iPrDuPhos)Co(MAA)][BAr^F₄] (MAA=methyl 2‐acetamidoacrylate) was crystallographically characterized as the opposite diastereomer to that expected for productive hydrogenation demonstrating a Curtin–Hammett kinetic regime similar to rhodium catalysis.     

Two cobalt(III) mono‐dimethylglyoximates isolated from one reaction

The reaction of cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate with dimethylglyoxime (DMGH₂) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) in a 1:1:2 molar ratio results in two Co^III mono‐dimethylglyoximates having two chelating phen ligands in cis positions and the Co^III atom coordinated by six N atoms in a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The isolated products differ in the deprotonation state of the DMGH₂ ligand. In [μ‐hydrogen bis(N,N′‐dioxidobutane‐2,3‐diimine)]tetrakis(1,10‐phenanthroline)cobalt(III) trinitrate ethanol disolvate 1.87‐hydrate, [Co₂(C₄H₆N₂O₂)(C₄H₇N₂O₂)(C₁₂H₈N₂)₄](NO₃)₃·2C₂H₆O·1.87H₂O, (I), the C₂‐symmetric cation is formed with the coordination [Co(DMG)(phen)₂]⁺ cations aggregating via a very strong O⁻...H⁺...O⁻ hydrogen bond with an O...O distance of 2.409 (4) Å. Crystals of (I) exhibit extensive disorder of the solvent molecules, the nitrate anions and one of the phen ligands. Compound (I) is a kinetic product, not isolated previously from similar systems, that transforms slowly into (N‐hydroxy‐N′‐oxidobutane‐2,3‐diimine)bis(1,10‐phenanthroline)cobalt(III) dinitrate ethanol monosolvate 0.4‐hydrate, [Co(C₄H₇N₂O₂)(C₁₂H₈N₂)₂](NO₃)₂·C₂H₆O·0.40H₂O, (II), with the DMGH⁻ ligand hydrogen bonded to one of the nitrate anions. In (II), the solvent molecules and one of the nitrate anions are disordered.     

Four copper(II) complexes with potentially tetradentate tripodal ligands

The four title Cu^II compounds are chloro­[(2‐furyl­methyl)­bis(2‐pyridyl­methyl)­amine‐N,N′,N′′]copper(II) perchlorate, [CuCl(C₁₇H₁₇N₃O)]ClO₄, (I), chloro{2‐[bis(2‐pyridyl­methyl)­amino]­ethano­lato‐N,N′,N′′,O}­copper(II) hemi­[tetra­chloro­copper(II)], [CuCl(C₁₄H₁₇N₃O)][CuCl₄]_1/2, (II), chloro­[(2‐morpholino­ethyl)­bis(2‐pyridyl­methyl)­amine‐N,N′,N′′,N′′′]copper(II) perchlorate, [CuCl(C₁₈H₂₄N₄O)]ClO₄, (III), and chloro­[(2‐piperidinyl­ethyl)­bis(2‐pyridyl­methyl)­amine‐N,N′,N′′,N′′′]­copper(II) hexa­fluoro­phosphate, [CuCl(C₁₉H₂₆N₄)]­PF₆, (IV). They have tripodal potentially tetradentate ligands. In (I), the O atom of the furan moiety weakly coordinates to the Cu atom at a distance of 2.750 (3) Å.     

Two cobalt(II) supramolecular isomers based on N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐3‐yl)oxalamide induced by the molecular orientation of lattice DMF molecules

Supramolecular isomerism for coordination networks refers to the existence of different architectures having the same building blocks and identical stoichiometries. For a given building block, different arrangements can lead to the formation of a series of supramolecular isomers. Two one‐dimensional Co^II coordination polymers based on N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐3‐yl)oxalamide (BPO), both catena‐poly[[[dichloridocobalt(II)]‐bis[μ‐N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐3‐yl)oxalamide‐κ²N:N′]] dimethylformamide disolvate], {[CoCl₂(C₁₂H₁₀N₄O₂)₂]·2C₃H₇NO}_n, have been assembled by the solvothermal method. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal that the two compounds are supramolecular isomers, the isomerism being induced by the orientation of the dimethylformamide (DMF) molecules in the crystal lattice.     

Electrochemical properties of a cobalt(II) complex with sulfadiazine and 1,3‐bis(pyridin‐4‐yl)propane

catena‐Poly[[bis{4‐[(pyrimidin‐2‐ylazanidyl)sulfonyl]aniline}cobalt(II)]‐bis[μ‐1,3‐bis(pyridin‐4‐yl)propane]], [Co(C₁₀H₈N₄O₄S₂)₂(C₁₃H₁₄N₂)]_n or [Co(L)₂(bpp)]_n, crystallizes as a one‐dimensional polymeric structure which is further stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The refined Flack parameter, −0.001 (10), indicates that the model represents the correct absolute structure. Investigation of the thermal stability shows that the complex is stable up to 543 K. The structure is of interest with respect to its electrochemical properties in the reduction reaction of H₂O₂ to H₂O.     

Allylic Peroxidations with Bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindolato‐Cobalt and ‐Iron Complexes

Several novel substituted bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindolato (BPI) cobalt(II) and iron(II) complexes [M(BPI)(OAc)(H₂O)] (M = Co: 1 ‐ 6, Fe: 7) have been synthesized by reaction of bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindole derivatives with the corresponding metal(II) acetates. Reaction of 1‐6 with 1.5 ‐ 2 molar equivalents of t‐BuOOH gave the corresponding alkylperoxocobalt(III) complexes [Co(BPI)(OAc)(OOtBu)] (10 ‐ 15). Using an aqueous solution of t‐BuOOH (70 %), cyclohexene was selectively catalytically oxidized to the dialkylperoxide cyclohex‐2‐ene‐1‐t‐butylperoxide.     

Synthesis,Structures and Magnetic Properties of Two Binuclear Cobalt(II) Complexes Bridged by Bis(p‐nitrophenyl) Phosphate or Diphenylphosphinate Ion

Two new binuclear cobalt(II) complexes, [Co₂ L¹ (μ₂‐DPP)]²⁺ ( 1 ) (H L¹ = N, N, N′, N′‐ tetrakis (2‐benzimidazolylmethyl)‐2‐hydroxyl ‐1,3‐diaminopropane; DPP = diphenylphosphinate) and [Co₂ L² (μ₂‐BNPP)₂]⁺ ( 2 ) (H L² = 2,6‐bis‐[N,N‐di(2‐ pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]‐4‐methylphenol, BNPP = bis(4‐nitrophenyl)phosphate) have been synthesized and their crystal structures and magnetic properties are shown. In 1 , each Co^II atom has a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination sphere with a N₃O₂ donor set and the central two Co^II atoms are bridged by one alkoxo‐O atom and one μ₂‐DPP ion with the Co1‐Co2 separation of 3.542Å. In 2 , each Co^II atom has a pseudo octahedral environment with a N₃O₃ donor set and the central two Co^II atoms are bridged by a phenolic oxygen atom of L² and two μ₂‐BNPP ions with the Co1‐Co2 separation of 3.667Å. Susceptibility data of 1 and 2 indicate intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling of the high‐spin Co^II atoms.     

Effect of Flexible Bis(Benzimidazole) Ligands on the Structures of Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymers Derived from 2,6‐Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acid

The cobalt(II) coordination polymers{[Co(L1)(nda)] · 2H₂O}_n ( 1 ) and [Co(L2)₂(nda)]_n ( 2 ), [L1 = 1,2‐bis(2‐methylbenzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, L2 = 1,4‐bis(5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, H₂nda = 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid] were hydrothermally synthesized by self‐assembly of cobalt chloride with H₂nda and different semi‐rigid bis(benzimidazole) derivatives and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. Complex 1 displays a 2D layer with (4,4) topology, complex 2 exhibits a 1D infinite chain structure, both complexes were further packed into 3D and 2D supramolecular architectures by weak hydrogen bonding. The catalytic activities of the complexes for degradation of Congo red in a Fenton‐like process are presented. In addition, the electrochemical and electrocatalytical behavior of CPEs modified with both cobalt complexes (Co‐CPE) were investigated in detail.     

Two new zinc(II) and mercury(II) complexes based on N,N′‐(cyclohexane‐1,2‐diylidene)bis(4‐fluorobenzohydrazide): synthesis,crystal structures and antibacterial activities

Reaction of N,N′‐(cyclohexane‐1,2‐diylidene)bis(4‐fluorobenzohydrazide), C₂₀H₁₈F₂N₄O₂, ( L^F ), with zinc chloride and mercury(II) chloride produced different types and shapes of neutral coordination complexes, namely, dichlorido[N,N′‐(cyclohexane‐1,2‐diylidene)bis(4‐fluorobenzohydrazide)‐κ²N,O]zinc(II), [ZnCl₂(C₂₀H₁₈F₂N₄O₂)], ( 1 ), and dichlorido[N,N′‐(cyclohexane‐1,2‐diylidene)bis(4‐fluorobenzohydrazide)‐κ⁴O,N,N′,O′]mercury(II), [HgCl₂(C₂₀H₁₈F₂N₄O₂)], ( 2 ). The organic ligand and its metal complexes are characterized using various techniques: IR, UV–Vis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, in addition to powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography and microelemental analysis. Depending upon the data from these analyses and measurements, a typical tetrahedral geometry was confirmed for zinc complex ( 1 ), in which the Zn^II atom is located outside the bis(benzhydrazone) core. The Hg^II atom in ( 2 ) is found within the core and has a common octahedral structure. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the prepared compounds were evaluated against two different bacterial strains, i.e. gram positive Bacillus subtilis and gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The prepared compounds exhibited differentiated growth‐inhibitory activities against these two bacterial strains based on the difference in their lipophilic nature and structural features.     

Ethylene polymerization by bis(salicylaldiminate)nickel(II)/aluminoxane catalysts

The homopolymerization of ethylene by using different catalytic systems based on dinitro‐substituted bis(salicylaldiminate)nickel(II) precursors such as bis[3,5‐dinitro‐N(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)]nickel(II) and bis[3,5‐dinitro‐N(phenyl)]nickel(II) in combination with organoaluminum compounds was investigated. In particular, the catalytic performances were studied as a function of the main reaction parameters, such as temperature, pressure, Al/Ni molar ratio, and duration. Methylaluminoxane resulted in the best co‐catalyst. Activities up to 200 kg polyethylene/(mol Ni × h) to give a linear high‐molecular‐weight polymer were achieved. The influence of the bulkiness of the substituents on the N‐aryl group of the aldimine ligand was also checked; it resulted in a determinant for catalytic activity rather than for polymer characteristics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2534–2542, 2004     

Allgemeiner Zugang zu Polyaminen mit Ethan-1,2-diamin-Einheiten: Synthese von nicht natürlich vorkommenden homologen und isomeren N1,4-Di(4-cumaroyl)sperminen

█tl="American"█The synthesis of the three N,N′-di(4-coumaroyl)tetramines, i.e., of (E,E)-N-{3-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]propyl}-3,3′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[prop-2-enamide] ( 1a ), (E,E)-N-{4-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]butyl}-3,3′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[prop-2-enamide] ( 1b ), and (E,E)-N-{6-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]hexyl}-3,3′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[prop-2-enamide] ( 1c ), is described. It proceeds through stepwise construction of the symmetric polyamine backbone including protection and deprotection steps of the amino functions. Their behavior on TLC in comparison with that of 1,4-di(4-coumaroyl)spermine (=(E,E)-N-{4-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]butyl}-3,3′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis[prop-2-enamide]; 2 ) is discussed.