动态断裂力学的无限相似边界元法

对弹性动力学的相似边界元法进行了进一步研究,推导了相应的计算公式,并在此基础上提出了动态断裂力学的无限相似边界元法.与传统的边界元法相比,相似边界元法由于只需在少数单元上进行数值积分,大大减少了计算量.对动态断裂力学问题,无限相似边界元法由于在裂纹尖端的边界上设置了逼近于裂纹尖端的无限个相似边界单元,可直接得到裂纹尖端具有奇异性的应力,而不需要设置奇异单元,从而突破了奇异单元对应力奇异性阶次的局限.另外,还讨论了无限相似边界元法得到的无限阶的线性代数方程组的求解方法.     

Boundary element analysis of contact problems using artificial boundary node approach

An improved version of the regular boundary element method, the artificial boundary node approach, is derived. A simple contact algorithm is designed and implemented into the direct boundary element, regular boundary element and artificial boundary node approaches. The exisiting and derived approaches are tested using some case studies. The results of the artificial boundary node approach are compared with those of the existing boundary element program, the regular element approach, ANSYS and analytical solution whenever possible. The results show the effectiveness of the artificial boundary node approach for a wider range of boundary offsets.     

近场波动模拟的一种应力人工边界

采用平面波和远场散射波混合透射，引入无限介质线弹性本构关系建立了一种应力人工 边界条件. 其优点在于边界结点反应与内部有限元结点反应采用相同的积分格式计算，有限 元积分方法稳定时不存在人工边界失稳问题. 数值算例表明：边界精度高于现有黏性边 界、黏弹性人工边界，以及一、二阶透射人工边界.     

THEORETICAL RELATIONS OF BOUNDARY DISPLACEMENT DERIVATIVES AND TRACTIONS AT SINGULAR BOUNDARY POINT FOR 2D ISOTROPIC ELASTIC PROBLEMS

Although boundary displacement and traction are independent field variables in boundary conditions of an elasticity problem at a non-singular boundary point, there exist definite relations of singularity intensities between boundary displacement derivatives and tractions at a singular boundary point. The analytical forms of the relations at a singular smooth point for 2D isotropic elastic problems have been established in this work. By using the relations, positions of the singular boundary points and the corresponding singularity intensities of the unknown boundary field variables can be determined a priori. Therefore, more appropriate shape functions of the unknown boundary field variables in singular elements can be constructed. A numerical example shows that the accuracy of the BEM analysis using the developed theory is greatly increased.     

各向异性柱体扭转的充分必要的边界积分方程

本文列出各向异性柱体扭转问题无量纲化后的有关方程的边界条件推导和验证了基本解，并指出一些书中基本解列式有误＾［９－１１］，列出了充分必要的边界积分方 程，进行了数据计算，并与习用的边界积分方程所得结果进行了比较，表明在退化值附近，习用的边界积分方程所得的边界剪应力会出现巨大的误差，扭转刚度的误差则要小得多，而充要的边界积分方程计算的结果则如终保持良好的精度，再次显示了它的优点。     

流体流动的边界滑移问题研究进展

最近十几年来,随着现代微/纳米测试以及分子动力学模拟技术的出现和发展,流体流动的边界滑移问题研究获得了突 飞猛进的发展.边界滑移相关研究大体可分为3个方面: 实验、分子动力学模拟和理论数值分析,前两者主要以发现边界滑移现象、探索边界滑移的产生机理以及各因素对边 界滑移的影响规律为主要研究目的,而后者主要研究边界滑移的物理模型、相关问题的计算方法以及边界滑移对流体系 统流体动力学行为的影响.本文首先简要回顾了液体流动的边界滑移及其相关问题的早期研究历史,随后对边界滑移问题 的研究现状进行了综述,最后展望了该领域今后的研究重点及其应用前景.     

不可压粘性流体浸入边界直接力法及软件实现

浸入边界法通过在N-S方程中施加体积力模拟不可滑移固壁边界及动边界,避免生成复杂贴体网格及动网格,极大地节省了网格建模时间及动网格计算消耗。本文提出一种新型附加体积力简化计算方法,将简化附加体积力以源项形式嵌入动量方程迭代中,通过用户自定义函数对CFD软件FLUENT二次开发,实现了浸入边界法和通用流体力学求解器的耦合计算。通过静止圆柱和动圆柱绕流数值模拟进行了验证,并探讨了插值函数对计算精度的影响。研究表明,通过引入浸入边界模型,能够提高计算效率,并实现结构网格背景下复杂边界和动边界的高效建模。     

On the existence of solutions of boundary value problems of duffing type systems

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Reducing the Order of the Boundary Condition in a Theory of Plane Strain Elasticity with Boundary Reinforcement

We consider an elastic solid whose boundary is partly reinforced in such a way that the coated part of the boundary can be represented by the union of a finite number of open curves. We show how the (nonstandard) boundary condition on the reinforcement can be integrated resulting in an equivalent (lower-order) boundary condition which, unlike its higher-order counterpart, permits analysis of the corresponding boundary value problems using the boundary integral equation method. Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 74B05, 45E05, 35J25     

Electro-osmotic pore pressures in soil due to an alternating electrical field

Pore pressure development in a soil specimen due to electro-osmosis under alternating current conditions is examined theoretically. Solutions to the governing equation are derived for one-dimensional flow with boundary conditions corresponding to an impervious (conventional no-flow boundary), a partially drained boundary, and a partially drained boundary with an intervening permeable zone between the boundary and the soil. These latter two boundary conditions can arise from details of pore pressure measuring systems at the specimen boundaries during laboratory experiments. An analysis of the solutions indicates that for a perfect no-flow boundary, excess pore pressures measured at an electrode consist of a steady state and rapidly-decaying transient response. The pore pressures exhibit a 45 degree phase shift relative to the applied electric current. The effect of the partially drained boundary is to reduce the peak to peak amplitude of the pore pressure and to increase the phase shift to as much as 90 degrees depending on the compressibility of the pore pressure measuring system. The effect of the impeded and partially drained boundary is to further reduce the amplitude of the pore pressures and to increase the phase shift to as much as 180 degrees depending on the relative permeability of the impeded boundary.     

Effective elastic properties of doubly periodic array of inclusions of various shapes by the boundary element method

A rectangular cell of known boundary conditions is cut out from a medium containing the doubly periodic array of inclusions. The stress and strain relationship of the rectangular cell is obtained by using the classical boundary element methods. By matching the boundary condition requirements, the effective elastic properties of the doubly periodic array of inclusions can then be calculated. Numerical examples from the sub-domain boundary element method and the single domain boundary element method are compared and discussed. However, the present method cannot be readily extended to domains having circular or curved boundary parts.     

Numerical boundary conditions for unsteady transonic flow calculations

In calculations of transonic flows it is necessary to limit the domain of computation to a size that is manageable by computers. At the boundary of the computational domain, boundary conditions are required to ensure a unique solution. Since wave solutions exist in the unsteady transonic flow field, incorrect boundary conditions may result in spurious reflections from the computational boundary. This may introduce errors into the solution. To prevent the spurious reflections, absorbing boundary conditions are often used on the computational boundary. In this paper we describe a method to derive absorbing boudary conditions for transonic calculations. We demonstrate both theoretically and numerically that the use of the absorbing boundary conditions will reduce the spurious reflections in the calculation.     

A NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT FORMULATION FOR TORSION PROBLEMS OF ANISOTROPIC BODIES

Non-dimensionalized equations and boundary conditions are presentedfor the torsion problem of an anisotropic body.The error of the fundamental solutioncited in some boundary element books is pointed out after an examination of thefundamental solution.Furthermore,a necessary and sufficient boundary integralequation is given for the problem and compared with the conventional boundaryintegral equation.Numerical results show that great errors of the boundary shearstresses obtained by the conventional boundary integral equation appear with a smallerror of torsion stiffness.Meanwhile,the necessary and sufficient boundary integralequation always gives accurate results.     

弹性力学的一种边界无单元法

首先对移动最小二乘副近法进行了研究，针对其容易形成病态方程的缺点，提出了以带权的正交函数作为基函数的方法－改进的移动最小二乘副近法，改进的移动最小二乘逼近法比原方法计算量小，精度高，且不会形成病态方程组，然后，将弹性力学的边界积分方程方法与改进的移动最小二乘逼近法结合，提出了弹性力学的一种边界无单元法，这种边界无单元法法是边界积分方程的无网格方法，与原有的边界积分方程的无网格方法相比，该方法直接采用节点变量的真实解为基本未知量，是边界积分方程无网格方法的直接解法，更容易引入界条件，且具有更高的精度，最后给出了弹性力学的边界无单元法的数值算例，并与原有的边界积分方程的无网格方法进行了较为详细的比较和讨论。     

断裂力学的相似边界元法及其应用

首先对弹性力学的相似边界元法进行了研究,推导了相应的计算公式。与传统的边界元法相比,相似边界元法由于只需在少数单元上进行数值积分,当边界单元数目较多时大大减少了计算量。在此基础上,将相似边界元法应用于断裂力学,对路面断裂力学问题进行了计算,与有限元法的结果比较,说明了本文方法在减少计算量的情况下仍能较好地保证精度。     

三维势流场的比例边界有限元求解方法

比例边界有限元法(SBFEM)是线性偏微分方程的一种新的数值求解方法。该方法只对计算域边界利用Galerkin方法进行数值离散,相对于有限元方法(FEM)减少了一个空间坐标的维数,而在减少的空间坐标方向利用解析方法进行求解;相对于边界元法(BEM),比例边界有限元方法不需要基本解,避免了奇异积分的计算,所以它结合了有限元和边界元方法的优点。本文建立了利用比例边界有限元法求解三维Laplace方程的数值模型并用于计算三维物体周围的水流场,将计算结果与解析解和边界元方法进行了对比,结果表明此方法可以很好地模拟水流场,且具有较高的计算精度。     

电磁弹性固体三维问题的虚边界元-等额配点法

依据弹性力学虚边界元法的基本思想和电磁弹性固体的基本解,提出了电磁弹性固体三维问题的虚边界元-等额配点法.该方法继承传统边界元法优点的同时,有效地避免了传统边界元法的边界积分奇异性的问题.算例表明该方法有很高的精度,是求解电磁弹性固体三维问题的一个有效的数值方法.     

浸入边界法及其应用

浸入边界法主要用于模拟存在复杂外形结构的流场的运动情况和处理各种动边界问题,目前已广泛应用于计算流体力学领域.浸入边界法既是数学建模方法又是数值离散方法,它将物体边界与流体的相互作用通过在流体运动方程中加体积力项来体现,并在数值计算中采用简单的笛卡尔网格,避免了按照物体边界形状生成贴体网格时所遇到的各种问题.浸入边界法分为连续力法和离散力法:连续力法主要用于处理弹性边界问题,它的力源项满足特定的力学关系式;离散力法主要用于处理固体界面问题,它的力源项由边界条件推导得到.着重阐述了浸入边界法的基本原理和数学构造,对目前已有的几种不同的浸入边界法做了简单地介绍,并给出了一些应用实例,最后提出了浸入边界法未来的发展方向.     

A new outflow boundary condition

Boundary conditions come from Nature. Therefore these conditions exist at natural boundaries. Often, owing to limitations in computing power and means, large domains are truncated and confined between artificial synthetic boundaries. Then the required boundary conditions there cannot be provided naturally and there is a need to fabricate them by intuition, experience, asymptotic behaviour and numerical experimentation. In this work several kinds of outflow boundary conditions, including essential, natural and free boundar conditions, are evaluated for two flow and heat transfer model problems. A new outflow boundary condition, called hereafter the free boundary condition, is introduced and tested. This free boundary condition is equivalent to extending the validity of the weak form of the governing equations to the synthetic outflow instead of replacing them there with unknown essential or natural boundary conditions. In the limit of zero Reynolds number the free boundary condition minimizes the energy functional among all possible choices of outflow boundary conditions. A review of results from applications of the same boundary conditions to several other flow situations is also presented and discussed.