6影响稀土复合氧化物电性的因素

合成了多种类型的稀土复合氧化物, 研究它们的结构、电学性质。通过大量实验数据, 总结了电子构型、自旋状态、电子输运通道与原子簇对稀土化合物电性影响的规律。中心离子的最外层电子轨道中若有未成对电子, 并未呈半充满状态时,导电性好; 化合物结构中必须具有原子间距小于0.31nm的-M-X-M-X-或-M-M-M-连续输运通道, 且中心离子的电子构型符合上述导电性好的条件, 化合物导电性好。孤立的原子簇不能成为导电通道, 因此它的存在将减少导电性能。     

ⅥA族元素(S、S_e、T_e)桥连的钼铁混合金属羰基原子簇化合物的结构化学

本文总结了六种钼—铁混合金属羰基原子簇化合物的合成、结构类型和电子计数。从这些具有不同骨架构型的簇合物可以看出,主族元素—主族元素之间的相互作用对这类原子簇化合物的骨架构型变化和稳定性有着重要作用。     

镨和铕离子注入硅的快速热退火研究

利用离子注入技术将稀土Ｐｒ和Ｅｕ离子引入外延硅片中，经快速热退火使注入层再结晶和电激活。对Ｐｒ离子注入样品，在较低温度９４０℃下退火，样品具有电子导电性，注入离子起施主作用，而在较高强度１２４０℃下退火，则具有穴穴导电性，注入离子起受主作用，即有两种导电行为。     

含DMIT配体配合物的结构与导电性

本文描述了含DMIT(4,5-二硫基-1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮)配体配合物的含成和导电性,讨论了其各个结构层次及其与导电性的关系。Ni、Pd、Pt、的DMIT导电配合物的分子结构特征是平面构型和离域π电子态,晶体结构特征是配位阴离子堆砌成各种形式的、导电能力不同的分子柱和分子层,作为非导电组元的平衡离子对导电性也有重要影响。     

稀土卟啉配合物电子结构和光谱的INDO/CI研究

利用ＩＮＤＯ／ＣＩ方法研究镧系金属卟啉配合物中稀土离子的络合高度及溶剂配位,发现稀土卟啉配合物的优化分子构型和络合高度随稀土离子半径减小而降低。对系列稀土卟啉配合物的电子光谱主要吸收带进行了指认,计算结果与实验值能较好地吻合。讨论了稀土卟啉化合物的电子结构及能级变化规律,并分析了它们的特征电子光谱。     

层状三元簇合物的电子结构和导电性研究——(Ⅰ)D型ABO_2化合物的电子结构和导电机理

本文采用SCCC—EHMO法,研究了D型ABO_2化合物的电子结构与导电性等关系,提出了一个双子晶格导电新模型,系统地解释了该类簇合物的导电性,总结了若干结构规律,给出了判别导电性的量子化学指标。     

氧化镧对HDPE热氧化分解行为的影响

聚合物改性是聚合物结构与性能研究中的一个重要领域,而稀土元素具有4f0-145dl-106s2的电子构型,由于4f轨道的特殊性和5d轨道的存在,稀土离子具有丰富的电子能级,离子半径较大,电荷较高,又有较强的络合能力,可对多种聚合物的热稳定性产生影响[1,7].     

碳原子簇的结构与质谱的关联（Ⅱ）

根据出现在质谱中的各种大小的碳原子簇的相对丰度,分析了由激光产生的碳原子簇离子的统计分布,研究了这些统计分布与碳原子簇结构的关联。研究结果表明：相同构型的原子簇的相对丰度可以由同一条对数正态分布曲线来描述,由此能够获得碳原子簇构型的变化情况。质谱中分布曲线的数目对应于具有不同构型或不同结构稳定性的原子簇的数目。如果某些簇离子的谱峰明显地高出分布曲线,它们的结构应特别稳定,其成簇原子数就是所谓的“奇幻数”（ｍａｇｉｃｎｕｍｂｅｒ）,例如在石墨质谱中的Ｃ＿（６０）就属于这种情况。原子簇的统计分布还与它们的生成过程有关,由此可能揭示出原子簇的产生机理。     

BaCe_(0.8)Zr_(0.1)La_(0.1)O_(3-α)陶瓷的制备和电性能研究

以高温固相反应法制备了BaCe0.8Zr0.1La0.1O3-α陶瓷,用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其晶体结构和断面形貌进行了表征。以陶瓷材料为固体电解质、多孔性铂为电极,用交流阻抗谱技术测定了材料在500～900℃下不同气体气氛中的电导率;用气体浓差电池方法测定了材料在干燥空气和湿润空气中的离子迁移数;研究了材料的离子导电特性。结果表明,该陶瓷材料为单一钙钛矿型BaCeO3斜方晶结构。在500～900℃下,干燥和湿润的氧气、空气和氮气中,材料的电导率随着温度升高和氧分压增大而增大。在干燥的空气中,材料的氧离子迁移数为0.06～0.17,表现为氧离子与电子空穴的混合导电性,其中,电子空穴导电为主导。在湿润的空气中,材料的质子迁移数为0.52～0.01,氧离子迁移数为0.14～0.27,表现为质子、氧离子和电子空穴的混合导电性,其中,在500～550℃下,质子导电为主导;高于550℃,电子空穴导电为主导。     

Cun,Agn,Aun（n=2,3,4）原子簇结构的理论分析

在应用ＤＶ－Ｘａ自洽场方法研究Ｃｕｎ，Ａｇｎ，Ａｕｎ原子簇电子结构基础上，分析了原子簇中原子轨道间的相互作用及其大小随几何构型的变化，并讨论了原子簇的Ｘａ总能量与原子簇几何构型的关系，采用单、双过渡态理论方法分别计算原子簇分子轨道的电离能和分子轨道的电子跃迁能，结果表明Ａｇｎ的电离能计算值与实验值符合较好，而Ａｕｎ原子簇则有一定偏差，这可能是由Ａｕｎ的较大相论效应引起的，Ａｇ４的电子跃迁能与实验值     

含稀土氨合成催化剂还原的研究

氨合成铁催化剂中添加稀土氧化物已有不少报道,有的活性有所提高.我们通过添加稀土. 调整催化剂组成和改进制工艺得到几种活性较高,而且是非常容易还原的催化剂.本文的目的是研究稀土氧化物对催化剂还原性能的影响及几种活性较高容易还原的含稀土催化剂的本征还原动力学.     

稀土配合物的荧光衰减动力学特性和时间分辨光谱分析研究

研究了稀土配合物的荧光衰减动力学特性及其影响因素,拟定出长寿命组份存在下测定短寿命组份及短寿命组份存在下测定长寿命组份的2种时间分辨荧光光谱分析方法。用于纯稀土氧化物及合成水样中痕量铕和镝的测定,获得了满意的结果。     

以TiCl4为钛源合成钛硅分子筛

Since titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) was first prepared by Taramasso et al[1] in 1983,the synthesis of TS-1 and its application in partial oxidation have become a hotspot in the zeolite catalytic field.For the traditional synthesis route of TS-1,the key problem is its costly price and severe synthesis conditions,which hamper its industrial application.To avoid using costly alkali-free tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) as a template,Müller et al[2] reported that TS-1 could be synthesized using tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) as a template with ammonia as the base to adjust the basicity of the gel.     

Electronic phase separation in transition metal oxide systems

Electronic phase separation is increasingly getting recognized as a phenomenon of importance in understanding the magnetic and electron transport properties of transition metal oxides. The phenomenon dominates the rare-earth manganates of the formula Ln(1-x)A(x)MnO(3)(Ln = rare earth and A = alkaline earth) which exhibit ferromagnetism and metallicity as well as charge-ordering, depending on the composition, size of A-site cations and external factors such as magnetic and electric fields. We discuss typical phase separation scenarios in the manganates, with particular reference to Pr(1-x)Ca(x)MnO(3)(x= 0.3-0.4), (La(1-x)Ln(x))(0.7)Ca(0.3)MnO(3)(Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd and Y) and Nd(0.5)Sr(0.5)MnO(3). Besides discussing the magnetic and electron transport properties, we discuss electric field effects. Rare-earth cobaltates of the type Pr(0.7)Ca(0.3)CoO(3) and Gd(0.5)Ba(0.5)CoO(3) also exhibit interesting magnetic and electron transport properties which can be understood in terms of phase separation.     

Polymerization of acetylenes with rare earth coordination catalysts

The polymerization of acetylene and its derivatives by rare earth coordination catalysts and the characterization of the polymers so obtained in our laboratory are reviewed. Because of the metallic conductivity possessed by doped polyacetylene and the unique properties such as conductivity (semiconductivity), paramagnetism, migration and transfer of energy and chemical reactivity and complex formation ability often shown by acetylenic polymers, which seem promising as specialty polymers, there has been considerable interest in the polymers of acetylene and its derivatives. A wide variety of catalyst systems have been developed for the polymerization of acetylenes. But there has been no information concerning the use of rare earth compounds as catalysts in the polymerization of acetylene and its derivatives. We for the first time in 1981 have succeeded in the polymerization of acetylene with rare earth coordination catalysts, which in turn is a development based upon earlier work on the diene polymerization using rare earth coordination catalysts(Ref. 1). Using rare earth catalysts, acetylene can be polymerized conveniently into high cis polyacetylene films with metallic sheen at room temperature and phenylacetylene can also be polymerized into high molecular weight, high cis polyphenylacetylene films at ambient temperature. Thus new varieties of polyacetylenes have been developed and a novel family of coordination catalysts consisting of a rare earth compound plus trialkyl aluminum for the polymerization of acetylenes has been exploited. This article reviews our studies on the polymerization of acetylene and its derivatives with rare earth coordination catalysts and on the characterization of the polyacetylenes prepared.     

The Complexes of Rare Earth Elements with 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Preparation, properties and thermal decomposition

The conditions of the formation of rare earth(III) 2,5-dihydroxybenzoates have been studied; their compositions and solubilities in water at 293 K have been determined. The IR spectra of the anhydrous complexes with the general formula Ln(C7H5O4)3 have been recorded and their thermal decompositions in static air determined. During heating the anhydrous complexes of Y, Pr-Lu decompose to the oxides Ln2O3, Pr6O11 and Tb4O7 with formation of the intermediate Ln2(C7H4O4)3. The lanthanum complex decomposes to the oxide in three steps forming La2(C7H4O4)3 and La2O2CO3 as intermediates and the Ce(III) complex decomposes directly to CeO2. The properties of rare earth 2,5- and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoates have been compared. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Synthesis of rare earth monoxides

The standard Gibbs energy changes for the formation of an ionic or metallic monoxide from rare earth metal and sesquioxide have been calculated. Under high pressures ionic ytterbium monoxide and lighter rare earth metallic monoxides should be obtained, which is confirmed by experiments in a belt-type apparatus in the range 15–80 kbar and 500-1200°C. For Ln =La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, a face-centered cubic compound is obtained from each reaction. The cell parameters are respectively 5.144, 5.089, 5.031, 4.994, and 4.943 ± 0.005A?. The compounds appear golden yellow with a metallic luster. From chemical analyses and cell parameter consideration it is concluded that these compounds are the rare earth monoxides. For Ln =Gd, Dy, Tm, no reaction is observed at 50 kbar and 1000°C. The rare earth monoxides show a variety of properties: LaO, CeO, PrO, and NdO are metallic with the rare earth in the trivalent state; EuO and YbO are semiconductors with the rare earth in the divalent state; SmO is metallic with samarium in an intermediate valence state close to 3.     

Recent Advances in Rare Earth‐Doped Hydrides

The optical properties of rare earth ions in different inorganic host materials, for instance oxides, silicates, borates, or nitrides, have been used in applications for many years, from color TV to fluorescent tubes, lasers, or pc‐LEDs. However, rare earth metal ion‐doped hydrides have not really been considered as host lattices and up to now only been studied in a relatively small number of investigations. Yet, for certain metal hydrides these studies, e.g., allowed the determination of the crystal field strength and nephelauxetic effect of the hydride anion using the Eu²⁺ 5d excited state. In air‐sensitive hydrides, the use may be restricted to fundamental studies and local probes. But recently more and more air‐stable mixed anionic hydrides have been discovered, which may serve as hosts. This short review summarizes the synthesis and characterization of rare earth metal ion‐doped hydrides reported so far.     

The Reduction of Rare‐Earth Metal Halides with Unlike Metals – Wöhler's Metallothermic Reduction

Rare‐earth halides may be reduced by rare‐earth metals (conproportionation) and, as an alternative, by unlike metals such as alkali or alkaline‐earth metals, a route first established for the production of rare‐earth metals. It has great power for exploratory research subject to enhanced reactivity at lower temperatures and the formation of alkali halide flux for crystal growth. A large number of new compounds, ternary and higher, salt‐like and (semi‐)metallic including interstitially stabilized cluster compounds has been synthesized and characterized during the last decades.     

Rare‐Earth Oxide Nanostructures: Rules of Rare‐Earth Nitrate Thermolysis in Octadecylamine

The decomposed regularity of rare‐earth nitrates in octadecylamine (ODA) is discussed. The experimental results show that these nitrates can be divided into four types. For rare‐earth nitrates with larger RE³⁺ ions (RE=rare earth, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd), the decomposed products exhibited platelike nanostructures. For those with smaller RE³⁺ ions (RE=Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb), the decomposed products exhibited beltlike nanostructures. For terbium nitrate with a middle RE³⁺ ion, the decomposed product exhibited a rodlike nanostructure. The corresponding rare‐earth oxides, with the same morphologies as their precursors, could be obtained when these decomposed products were calcined. For cerium nitrate, which showed the greatest differences, flowerlike cerium oxide could be obtained directly from decomposition of the nitrate without further calcination. This regularity is explained on the basis of the lanthanide contraction. Owing to their differences in electron configuration, ionic radius, and crystal structure, such a nitrate family therefore shows different thermolysis properties. In addition, the potential application of these as‐obtained rare‐earth oxides as catalysts and luminescent materials was investigated. The advantages of this method for rare‐earth oxides includes simplicity, high yield, low cost, and ease of scale‐up, which are of great importance for their industrial applications.