New 1,2,3‐triazolo[4,5‐d]1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]pyridazine derivatives II

New tricyclic 1,2,3‐triazolo‐1,2,4‐triazolo‐pyridazine derivatives, bearing a methyl substituent on the 1,2,3‐triazole ring, were prepared as potential biological agents. N‐Methylation of dimethyl 1,2,3‐triazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylate allowed synthesis of the isomeric 1‐methyl‐4,7‐dihydroxy and 2‐methyl‐4,7‐dihydroxy triazolo‐pyridazines 4a and 4b which, by a chlorination reaction, gave the corresponding 1‐methyl‐4‐chloro‐( 6a ), 1‐methyl‐7‐chloro‐ ( 6b ) and 2‐methyl‐4‐chloro‐ ( 9 ) substituted 1,2,3‐triazolo‐pyridazines. The nucle‐ophilic substitution with hydrazine hydrate and the suitable cyclization to form the 1,2,4‐triazole ring, provided the expected tricyclic isomeric derivatives 8a, 8b and 11 respectively. The p‐methoxybenzyl substituent, introduced as a leaving group to obtain either v‐triazolo‐pyridazine or v‐triazolo‐s‐triazolo‐pyri‐dazine derivatives unsubstituted on the 1,2,3‐triazole ring, appeared inadequate. Some compounds underwent binding assays toward the adenosine A₁and A_2A receptors.     

Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolo[4′,3′:1,6]pyridazino[4,5-b]quinoline derivatives

This paper reports the synthesis of 10-phenyl-2H-pyridazino[4,5-b]quinoline-1-thione 10 and its further transformation into the hitherto unknown 12-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4′,3′:1,6]pyridazino[4,5-b]quinoline 4 . 3-Carbethoxy-2-dichloromethyl-4-phenylquinoline 8 was reacted with hydrazine to give 9 which in turn was transformed by the Lawesson Reagent into the corresponding thione 10 . On treating 10 with anhydrous hydrazine, 11 was obtained and subsequently cyclized in the presence of formic or acetic acids to afford the tetracyclic derivatives 4a and 4b , respectively, in satisfactory yields. When 3-carbethoxy-2-chloromethyl-4-phenylquinoline 5 was reacted with hydrazine, compound 7 was the sole isolated product.     

Reactivity of 4‐Phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione and Diethylazocarboxylate in [4+2]‐Cycloaddition and Ene Reactions: Solvent,Temperature, and High‐Pressure Influence on the Reaction Rate

We have studied the solvent, temperature, and pressure influences on the reaction rates of cyclic and acyclic N=N bonds in the Diels–Alder and ene reactions. The transfer from N‐phenylmaleimide ( 9 ) to a structural analogue, 4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione ( 2 ), is accompanied by the rate increase in five to six orders of magnitude in the Diels–Alder reactions with cyclopentadiene ( 4 ) and 9,10‐dimethylanthracene ( 5 ), whereas the transfer from dimethyl fumarate ( 10 ) to diethyl azodicarboxylate ( 1 ) increases only in one to two orders of magnitude. The ratio of the reaction rate constants ( 2 + 4 )/( 1 + 4 ) is very large (5.2 × 10⁷) and almost the same (5.3 × 10⁷) as in the ene reactions with tetramethylethylene ( 7 ), ( 2 + 7 )/( 1 + 7 ). It has been observed that the N=N bond in reagent 2 has strong electrophilic, and its N–N moiety in the transition state has nucleophilic properties, which results from the analysis of the solvation enthalpy transfer of reagents, activated complex, and adduct in the Diels–Alder reaction of 2 with anthracene 22 .     

New 1,2,3‐triazolo[4,5‐e]1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐c]pyrimidine derivatives II

The 7‐chloro‐3‐(2‐chlorobenzyl)‐ and 7‐chloro‐3‐(2‐fluorobenzyl)‐1,2,3‐triazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidines ( 1 and 4 ), by nucleophilic replacement with some hydrazides, gave the corresponding 7‐hydrazidoderivatives ( 2a‐e and 5a‐e ). These, by heating in Dowtherm, underwent an intramolecular cyclization to form the new tricyclic 7‐substituted‐3‐(2‐chlorobenzyl)‐ and 3‐(2‐fluorobenzyl)‐1,2,3‐triazolo[4,5‐e]1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐c]pyrimidines ( 3a‐d and 6a‐d ). The 7‐hydrazino‐3‐(2‐chlorobenzyl)‐ and 7‐hydrazino‐3‐(2‐fluorobenzyl)‐triazolo‐pyrimidines ( 9a and 9b ) were also prepared via the corresponding mercapto ( 7a and 7b ) and thiomethyl ( 8a and 8b ) derivatives.     

A convenient and facile synthesis of pyridine,pyridazine, pyrimido‐[4,5‐c]pyridazine,pyrido[3,4‐c]pyridazine, 1,6‐naphthyridine and phthalazine derivatives

Ethyl 2‐arylhydrazono‐3‐butyrates 2 reacted with 2‐cyano‐N‐(4‐methylphenyl) acetamide 1a and 2‐cyano‐N‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)acetamide 1b to give the pyridinedione, 4 and pyridazine 5 derivatives in 3:1 ratio. The products 4 and 5 have been transformed into different phthalazine, pyrimido[4,5‐c]‐pyridazine, pyrido[3,4‐c]pyridazine and 1,6‐naphthyridine derivatives. The chemical structures have been confirmed by analytical and spectral analysis.     

One pot syntheses of thiazol‐2‐hydrazone,pyridino[2,3‐d]pyridazine,pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyridazine,and isoxazolo[4,5‐d]pyridazine derivatives

Reactions of the pyridazine derivatives 1a–c with phenyl isothiocyanate followed by heterocyclization with ethyl chloroacetate gave the thiazolidinone derivatives 6a–c . The reactivity of 6a towards some chemical reagents was studied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:258–262, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10026     

Kinetics of the ene reactions of 4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione with β‐pinene and 2‐carene: Temperature,high pressure,and solvent effects

The data on temperature, solvent, and high hydrostatic pressure influence on the rate of the ene reactions of 4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione ( 1 ) with 2‐carene ( 2 ), and β‐pinene ( 4 ) have been obtained. Ene reactions 1 + 2 and 1 + 4 have high heat effects: ∆H_r‐n ( 1 + 2 ) −158.4, ∆H_r‐n( 1 + 4 ) −159.2 kJ mol⁻¹, 25°C, 1,2‐dichloroethane. The comparison of the activation volume (∆V^≠( 1 + 2 ) −29.9 cm³ mol⁻¹, toluene; ∆V^≠( 1 + 4 ) −36.0 cm³ mol⁻¹, ethyl acetate) and reaction volume values (∆V_r‐n( 1 + 2 ) −24.0 cm³ mol⁻¹, toluene; ∆V_r‐n( 1 + 4 ) −30.4 cm³ mol⁻¹, ethyl acetate) reveals more compact cyclic transition states in comparison with the acyclic reaction products 3 and 5 . In the series of nine solvents, the reaction rate of 1+2 increases 260‐fold and 1+4 increases 200‐fold, respectively, but not due to the solvent polarity.     

Hydrate frameworks involving the pyridazino[4,5‐d]pyridazine unit as a multiple hydrogen‐bond acceptor

1,4,5,8‐Tetramethylpyridazino[4,5‐d]pyridazine trihydrate, C₁₀H₁₂N₄·3H₂O, (I), and 1,2,3,6,7,8‐hexahydrocinnolino[5,4,3‐cde]cinnoline tetrahydrate, C₁₂H₁₂N₄·4H₂O, (II), exhibit exceptional functionality of the condensed N₄‐heteroaromatic frame as a symmetric acceptor of four hydrogen bonds [N...O = 2.843 (2)–2.8716 (10) Å]. Thus, all the N atoms of the electron‐deficient and highly π‐acidic polynitrogen heterocycles function as lone‐pair donors. In (I), all the molecular components lie on or across special positions; the site symmetry is 2/m for the organic and m2m and m for the two water molecules. In (II), the organic polycycle lies across a crystallographic inversion center. Both structures involve a hydrogen‐bonded centrosymmetric water–pyridazine dimer as the basic supramolecular unit, which is integrated into two‐dimensional [in (I)] and three‐dimensional [in (II)] hydrate frameworks by hydrogen bonding with the additional water molecules [O...O = 2.744 (2)–2.8827 (19) Å]. The hydrate connectivity exists in the form of an (H₂O)₃ trimer in (I) and as a one‐dimensional zigzag (H₂O)_n chain in (II).     

Silver(I) sulfate coordination polymers with 4,4′‐bipyridazine and pyridazino[4,5‐d]pyridazine

Poly[[μ₄‐4,4′‐bipyridazine‐μ₅‐sulfato‐disilver(I)] monohydrate], {[Ag₂(SO₄)(C₈H₆N₄)]·H₂O}_n, (I), and poly[[aqua‐μ₄‐pyridazino[4,5‐d]pyridazine‐μ₃‐sulfato‐disilver(I)] monohydrate], {[Ag₂(SO₄)(C₆H₄N₄)(H₂O)]·H₂O}_n, (II), possess three‐ and two‐dimensional polymeric structures, respectively, supported by N‐tetradentate coordination of the organic ligands [Ag—N = 2.208 (3)–2.384 (3) Å] and O‐pentadentate coordination of the sulfate anions [Ag—O = 2.284 (3)–2.700 (2) Å]. Compound (I) is the first structurally examined complex of the new ligand 4,4′‐bipyridazine; it is based upon unprecedented centrosymmetric silver–pyridazine tetramers with tetrahedral AgN₂O₂ and trigonal–bipyramidal AgN₂O₃ coordination of two independent Ag^I ions. Compound (II) adopts a typical dimeric silver–pyridazine motif incorporating two kinds of square‐pyramidal AgN₂O₃ Ag^I ions. The structure exhibits short anion–π interactions involving noncoordinated sulfate O atoms [O...π = 3.041 (3) Å].     

Synthesis of 4‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3,5‐dione derivatives through cyclic transformations of 3‐(2‐phenylcarbazoyl)‐2(3H)‐benzoxazolone derivatives

Four 3‐(3‐benzylidene‐2‐phenylcarbazoyl)‐2(3H)‐benzoxazolone derivatives 3 have been synthesized from benzoxazolone derivatives 1 and benzaldehyde N‐chloroformylphenylhydrazone 2. By acid hydrolysis, these compounds yielded 3‐(2‐phenylcarbazoyl)‐2(3H)benzoxazolone derivatives 4 which were not isolated and were transformed via an intramolecular reaction into 4‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3,5‐dione derivatives 5 in a good yield. Attempts to cyclize these compounds by intramolecular elimination of water into tricyclic compounds 6 with various dehydrating agents were unsuccessful.     

Facile Synthesis of New [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3‐b]pyridazine

A number of new [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐b]pyridazines were prepared by either cyclocondesation of substituted hydrazinopyridazines with orthoesters or oxidative cyclization of their hydrazone analogs in nitrobenzene as an oxidizing agent. A host of other new [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐b]pyridazine derivatives were synthesized by sequential treatment of the latter compounds with carbon disulfide and alkyl halides.     

4,5,9,10‐Tetrahydro‐4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐9,10‐epoxy‐3H,10aH‐cyclobuta[a]benzo[2,3,4‐de]isoquinoline‐3,5‐dione

In the title compound, C₂₁H₁₅NO₃, which is one of the photoreaction products of N‐methyl‐1,8‐naphthalene­dicar­box­imide with phenyl­acetyl­ene, the cyclo­butene and epoxy rings are trans to each other across the cyclo­hexene ring of the tetralin moiety. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the cyclo­butene and cyclo­hexene rings is 112.80 (2)°, while the latter makes a dihedral angle of 103.70 (9)° with the epoxy ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯O intermolecular interactions.     

Synthesis and Some Biochemical Properties of a Novel 5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydropyrimido[4,5‐c]pyridazine Nucleoside

A novel nucleoside analogue is described based on the pyridazine ring system. The nucleoside was successfully incorporated into DNA via both its phosphoramidite and 5′‐triphosphate derivatives. Enzymatically, the analogue behaves essentially as thymidine: it is a good substrate for the DNA polymerases Taq and exonuclease‐free Klenow fragment, leading to full‐length products when present in either the primer or template strands. In hybridisation studies, the nucleoside displays ambiguous base‐pairing properties, including universal base properties.     

C‐phosphorylation of 1,2,4‐triazoles with phosphorus(III) halides. Synthesis of 4,5‐dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐c][1,4,2]diazaphosphinine derivatives

Phosphorylation of 4‐ and 1‐substituted 1,2,4‐triazoles with PCl₃, PhPCl₂, Ph₂PCl, and (Et₂N)₂ PCl was carried out. A novel phosphorus‐containing condensed heterocyclic system ( 18, 23 ) was constructed by the reactions of 2‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐1‐(4‐chlorophenylcarboxamido)‐5‐trifluoromethylbenzene with PBr₃ and PhPBr₂. Treatment of the bromophosphonite 18 with an excess of morpholine in the presence of sulfur resulted in a diazaphosphinine ring opening and provided functionalized 1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ylphosphonic acid derivatives 21 and 22 . © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:146–152, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10010     

8‐Fluoro‐4‐hydroxy‐1H‐[1,2,4]triazino[4,5‐a]quinoline‐1,6(2H)‐dione: Synthesis and reactivity

A simple and versatile methodology to synthesise 4‐hydroxy‐1H‐[1,2,4]triazino[4,5‐a]quinoline‐1,6(2H)‐dione from methyl 6‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydro‐2‐quinolinecarboxylate has been developed. It involves car‐bohydrazide formation followed by a condensation with triphosgene to form the fused [1,2,4]triazino ring. In addition, the reactivity of the [1,2,4]triazino ring has been studied.     

Synthesis of a New Imidazo[4′,5′:3,4]pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine‐4,8‐dione Heterocyclic System

A novel imidazo[4′,5′:3,4]pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine‐4,8‐dione heterocyclic system was synthesized starting from available 4‐amino‐6‐tert‐butyl‐3‐methylthio‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(4H)‐one in four steps with 28% overall yield.     

A [4 + 2] cycloaddition strategy to pyridine boronic ester derivatives

Alkynylboronate cycloadditions of 1,4-oxazin-2-ones and 2-pyrazinones provide a direct and regioselective route to functionalized pyridine boronic ester derivatives.