电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素北大核心CSCD

样品经硝酸-氢氟酸-硫酸三酸消解后,以103 Rh为内标,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素。采用标准物质制备工作溶液绘制校正工作曲线消除质谱干扰,通过控制样品的稀释因子消除非质谱干扰。各元素的线性范围为0.20~200mg·kg^(-1),检出限在0.03~0.09 mg·kg^(-1)之间。方法用于分析岩石标准物质,测定值与认定值的相对误差在-6.7%~8.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.70%~5.9%之间。实际样品中15种稀土元素的测定值的相对标准偏差在3.8%~12%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素

样品经硝酸-氢氟酸-硫酸三酸消解后,以103 Rh为内标,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素。采用标准物质制备工作溶液绘制校正工作曲线消除质谱干扰,通过控制样品的稀释因子消除非质谱干扰。各元素的线性范围为0.20~200mg·kg~(-1),检出限在0.03~0.09 mg·kg~(-1)之间。方法用于分析岩石标准物质,测定值与认定值的相对误差在-6.7%~8.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.70%~5.9%之间。实际样品中15种稀土元素的测定值的相对标准偏差在3.8%~12%之间。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定稀有多金属矿中锂铍铌钽铷铯

稀有多金属矿中的锂、铍、铌、钽、铷、铯6种元素经常伴生共存,铍的矿物大多难以被酸彻底溶解,铌、钽极易水解,准确测定这些元素需要多种方法,分析过程繁琐。本文建立了以电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法同时测定稀有多金属矿中锂、铍、铌、钽、铷、铯的方法。称取矿石样品放入高压罐中,加入氢氟酸+硫酸+硝酸的混酸,拧紧盖子后进行微波消解,在高温高压的作用下可使样品完全溶解;消解后的样品转移到聚四氟乙烯烧杯中,用电热板赶酸,以盐酸（50 %）提取样品,再加入3滴氢氟代替常规的酒石酸抑制铌、钽的水解,定容后用ICP-MS直接测定。考察了微波消解到温后的保持时间,结果表明30 min可将样品完全溶解;考察了提取液的用量,结果表明10 mL盐酸（50%）和3滴氢氟酸可将样品完全提取;优化了仪器测试条件、选择了合适的测定同位素和内标元素,各元素的质谱信号在0～20 μg/mL浓度范围呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（r）均在0.9999以上。使用微波消解法和电热板消解法分别对6个稀有多金属矿石国家一级标准物质分别进行溶解,结果表明电热板消解法铍的测定结果明显偏低,微波消解法各元素测定结果均在认定值的误差范围内。方法检出限值为3.0～10.0 μg /g;测试范围为0.001～4.3 %;相对标准偏差RSD（n=12）为0.32 ～12.5 %。质量参数满足地质矿产实验规范要求。     

微波样品消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定食品中镉含量

食品样品经硝酸和过氧化氢微波消解后,对所得试样溶液中镉用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定。使用碰撞反应池技术消除了质谱干扰。镉的质量浓度在40μg.L-1以内与其发射强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)为0.05μg.kg-1。方法用于小麦(GBW 08503)、大米(GBW10010)和茶叶(GBW 10016)等标准物质分析,所得测定值与认定值相一致。     

高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定煤中稀土元素

煤作为有机物与无机物的复杂混合物,含有多种微量元素,不同的微量元素信息代表不同的地质意义,稀土元素可以提供丰富的沉积环境与物源信息。采用高压消解罐,选用硝酸和氢氟酸混合酸消解样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定16种稀土元素的方法。讨论了样品量、消解试剂、质谱干扰等影响因素,各元素的方法检出限在0.001～0.016μg/g,NIST SRD 1632d煤标准样品实测值和标准值一致,标准样品测定结果与实测样品结果相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)小于5%,可满足煤中稀土元素的准确测定,为煤类样品中稀土元素测定提供了新的参考方法。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的研究

基于全自动消解仪优化程序,以HNO3-HF-HClO4消解体系消解飞灰样品,通过选择合适的待测同位素以及干扰元素校正方程校正质谱干扰,建立了全自动消解-电感耦合等离子质谱法（ICP-MS）测定飞灰样品中铍、钒、铬、锰、镍、铜、锌、镉、铅等9种元素的新方法。该方法采用嵌片技术和碰撞模式消除基体干扰,采用单一内标103Rh进行信号漂移校正,9种元素校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限在0.01~0.3 μg/g之间。该方法用飞灰标准物质SRM1633C进行验证,平均RSD在0.54%~2.38%之间,加标回收率为85%~120%,各元素的测定值与标准值吻合。该分析方法具有较好的准确度和精密度,适合垃圾焚烧产生飞灰样品中全量金属的测定。     

高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定煤中稀土元素

煤作为有机物与无机物的复杂混合物,含有多种微量元素,不同的微量元素信息代表不同的地质意义,稀土元素可以提供丰富的沉积环境与物源信息。采用高压消解罐,选用硝酸和氢氟酸混合酸消解样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定16种稀土元素的方法。讨论了样品量、消解试剂、质谱干扰等影响因素,各元素的方法检出限在0.001～0.016μg/g,NIST SRD 1632d煤标准样品实测值和标准值一致,标准样品测定结果与实测样品结果相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)小于5%,可满足煤中稀土元素的准确测定,为煤类样品中稀土元素测定提供了新的参考方法。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定固定污染源废气样品中铜、镍、镉的含量北大核心CSCD

用滤筒采集固定污染源废气样品,将滤筒剪碎,置于微波消解管中,加入体积比3∶1的盐酸-硝酸混合液5.0 mL和水20.0 mL,于200℃消解15 min.在所得消解液中加入水10 mL,静置0.5 h进行浸提,过滤,用水定容至50 mL.所得样品溶液采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中铜、镍、镉的含量.铜、镍、镉3种元素优化的测定条件如下:灰化温度依次为1100,1200,500℃,灰化时间均为20 s,原子化温度依次为2000,2400,1500℃,原子化时间依次为5,5,4 s.结果表明:铜、镍、镉的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的吸光度值呈线性关系,检出限(3.143s)依次为2,3,0.06μg·L^(-1).用此法测定煤飞灰中重金属成分分析标准物质(总量)(RMU010),测定值与认定值基本一致.平行测定某实际煤飞灰样品6次,测定值的相对标准偏差为2.6%~7.0%.采集某固定污染源废气样品7个,按本方法测定,测定值的相对标准偏差小于20%,说明采集方法具有一定稳定性.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯铝中杂质元素

高纯铝样品经盐酸(1+1)溶液微波消解,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定所得样品溶液中钛、铁、铜、锌、镓、银、镉、铟和铅等杂质元素的含量。选择适当的待测元素的同位素克服了质谱干扰,定量加入50μg·L~(-1)铯和锗内标元素有效地校正了基体效应。选用碰撞室技术消除了多原子离子对部分被测元素的干扰。结果表明:方法的检出限(3s)在0.003～0.042μg·L~(-1)之间。高纯铝样品中9种元素测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.9%～9.5%之间。方法用于精铝标准样品(R11C)的测定,结果与认定值基本相符。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定口红中铅的方法研究

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱准确测定口红中铅的方法.考察了不同混合酸对样品消解的效果.由HNO3+HF+H2O2组成的混合酸对称样量小于0.2 g的口红样品具有很好的消解效果;分别测定了霜类化妆品标准物质中的Pb元素和两种口红样品,验证了方法的准确度和精密度(＜3.0%).     

The Measurement of Leucine Enkephalinat the Femtomole Level by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry Methods

Abstract

FAB-MS/MS methods are used to quantify the neuropeptide leucine enkephalin (LE = YGGFL) in synthetic solutions. Maximum molecular specificity is provided by monitoring two metastable transitions from the LE (M + H)⁺, 556 → 425 and 556 → 336, in a forward geometry (E, B) mass spectrometer using a B/E linked-field selected reaction monitoring technique. Obtained sensitivity is 40 pg LE, which equals 72 fmol. The statistics of the best-fit straight lines are, for m/z 425: y = 34 + 166 (r = 0.999), and for m/z 336: y = 2.5x + 17.2 (r = 0.996).     

Structural characterization of glycoporphyrins by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Porphyrin derivatives having a galactose or a bis(isopropylidene)galactose structural unit, linked by ester or ether bonds, were characterized by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ES-MS/MS). The electrospray mass spectra of these glycoporphyrins show the corresponding [M + H](+) ions. For the glycoporphyrins with pyridyl substituents and those having a tetrafluorophenyl spacer, the doubly charged ions [M + 2H](2+) were also observed in ES-MS with high relative abundance. The fragmentation of both [M + H](+) and [M + 2H](2+) ions exhibited common fragmentation pathways for porphyrins with the same sugar residue, independently of the porphyrin structural unit and type of linkage. ES-MS/MS of the [M + H](+) ions of the galactose-substituted porphyrins gave the fragment ions [M + H - C(2)H(4)O(2)](+), [M + H - C(3)H(6)O(3)](+), [M + H - C(4)H(8)O(4)](+) and [M + H - galactose residue](+). The fragmentation of the [M + 2H](2+) ions of the porphyrins with galactose shows the common doubly charged fragment ions [porphyrin + H](2+), [M + 2H - C(2)H(4)O(2)](2+), [M + 2H - C(4)H(8)O(4)](2+), [M + 2H - galactose residue](2+) and the singly charged fragment ions [M + H - C(3)H(6)O(3)](+) and [M + H - galactose residue](+). The fragmentation of the [M + H](+) ions of glycoporphyrins with a protected galactosyl residue leads mainly to the ions [M + H - CO(CH(3))(2)](+), [M + H - 2CO(CH(3))(2)](+), [M + H - 2CO(CH(3))(2) - CO](+), [M + H - C(10)H(16)O(4)](+) and [M + H - protected galactose](+). The doubly charged ions [M + 2H](2+) fragment to give the doubly charged ions [porphyrin + H](2+) and the singly charged ions [M + H - protected galactose residue](+) and [M + H - CO(CH(3))(2)](+). For the porphyrins where the sugar structural unit is linked by an ester bond, [M + 2H](2+), ES-MS/MS showed a major and typical fragmentation corresponding to combined loss of a sugar structural unit and further loss of water, leading to the ion [M + 2H - sugar residue - H(2)O](2+), independently of the structure of the sugar structural unit. These results show that ES-MS/MS can be a powerful tool for the characterization of the sugar structural unit of glycoporphyrins, without the need for chemical hydrolysis.     

傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱测定复杂表面活性剂组分

利用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR-MS)，分析了两类复杂的离子型表面活性剂样品。实验结果表明：高分辨FT-ICR-MS，可以简单、快速、准确地获得两类化合物的结构信息，利用其高准确度的质量测定数据，计算出复杂样品中各组分的元素组成，鉴定出具体化合物，显示了FT-ICR-MS在分子结构分析和未知物鉴定中的强大能力。     

同位素质谱与无机质谱分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“无机质谱分析”课题的第二篇评述文章,它增加了同位素质谱分析的内容,故将题目改为现今题目,它综述了1985年～1990年间同位素质谱和无机质谱的发展概况。其中包括同位素示踪、同位素稀释、火花源质谱、二次离子质谱、等离子体质谱等。内容以国内为主,也收集了少量代表学科先进水平的外国文献。     

Accurate mass measurement and tandem mass spectrometry of intact globin chains identify the low proportion variant hemoglobin Lepore-Boston-Washington from the blood of a heterozygote

Within a mixture of proteins, minor polymorphic components are difficult to identify using a conventional proteomic approach. Their identification generally requires multi-dimensional separation steps, before or after proteolytic cleavage, followed by sequence analysis of the proteolytic products. In this study, we investigated the potential of tandem mass spectrometry for protein characterization by identifying the delta-beta hybrid human hemoglobin variant Lepore-Boston-Washington using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Hemoglobin Lepore-Boston-Washington occurs mainly in heterozygotes, where it comprises approximately 10% of the total non-alpha-chains, the dominant non-alpha-chain being the normal beta (approximately 90%). Furthermore, Hemoglobin Lepore-Boston-Washington has an average molecular mass (15,865.23 Da) that is only 2 Da lower than that of the normal beta-chain (15,867.24 Da). Consequently, it cannot be resolved from the normal beta-chain by mass spectrometry. Here we show how Hemoglobin Lepore-Boston-Washington was identified directly from the diluted blood of a heterozygote by analyzing the product ions from the Lepore-Boston-Washington and normal beta-chain ions without prior separation of the individual chains. This study shows the potential of the tandem mass spectrometry for identifying a minor component in an unseparated mixture of proteins.     

Collision-induced fragmentation pathways including odd-electron ion formation from desorption electrospray ionisation generated protonated and deprotonated drugs derived from tandem accurate mass spectrometry

The rapid desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) of some small molecules and their fragmentation using a triple-quadrupole and a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-ToF) have been investigated. Various scanning modes have been employed using the triple-quadrupole instrument to elucidate fragmentation pathways for the product ions observed in the collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. Together with accurate mass tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) measurements performed on the hybrid Q-ToF mass spectrometer, unequivocal product ion identification and fragmentation pathways were determined for deprotonated metoclopramide and protonated aspirin, caffeine and nicotine. Ion structures and fragmentation pathway mechanisms have been proposed and compared with previously published data. The necessity for elevated resolution for the differentiation of isobaric ions are discussed.     

质谱分子成像技术与应用进展

该文总结了二次离子质谱、基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱和常压敞开式离子化质谱三大类型质谱分子成像（MSI）技术的概况、技术与方法及其应用新进展。MSI技术作为免标记、高覆盖、高灵敏、检测范围广的可视化分析手段,不局限于生物组织或细胞中某种特定分子的检测,可对已知和未知多种分子进行同时成像分析,获得不同分子的空间分布、相对含量及结构信息,实现其分子的定性、定量与定位分析;还可提供不同生理及病理过程中功能分子的动态时空变化信息等。因此,MSI技术成为质谱领域以及分析化学等领域的研究前沿与热点方向之一,并在化学、医学、生命科学、药学和环境科学等领域显示出重大应用前景。此外,MSI技术是单细胞可视化分析和空间分辨代谢组学的强有力分析手段,可从动物或器官组织的整体、微区、单细胞等不同空间尺度,获取具有空间分布特征、时空动态变化的功能分子全景轮廓信息等而备受关注。     

数字化矩形离子阱质谱仪的设计及性能

将数字化离子阱技术和矩形离子阱(RIT)技术相结合,建立了数字化矩形离子阱质谱仪.此技术和装置既具有数字化电源的结构简单、输出稳定和易精确控制等特点,又结合了矩形离子阱的高离子存储效率、结构简单以及加工和装配容易等优点.构建了基于电喷雾(ESI)电离源的数字化矩形离子阱质谱仪系统,并使用Fenfluramine和PPG2000分别对此系统的质量分辨率和质量范围进行了测试.研究结果表明:一个用印刷线路板(PCB)制作的简单矩形离子阱,在200 V(半峰值)的数字束缚电压的驱动下,获得了大于500的质量分辨率和超过2600 Th的质量范围.实验证明,数字化离子阱技术的应用可以显著提高矩形离子阱的性能,特别是质量范围等关键的质谱仪指标.     

A broad-band FT-ICR Penning trap system for KATRIN

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment KATRIN aims at improving the upper limit of the mass of the electron antineutrino to about 0.2 eV (90% c.l.) by investigating the -decay of tritium gas molecules . The experiment is currently under construction to start first data taking in 2012. One source of systematic uncertainties in the KATRIN experiment is the formation of ion clusters when tritium decays and decay products interact with residual tritium molecules. It is essential to monitor the abundances of these clusters since they have different final state energies than tritium ions. For this purpose, a prototype of a cylindrical Penning trap has been constructed and tested at the Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, which will be installed in the KATRIN beam line. This system employs the technique of Fourier-Transform Ion-Cyclotron-Resonance in order to measure the abundances of the different stored ion species.