黔产市售鱼腥草中重金属含量分析及膳食风险评估

为研究黔产市售鱼腥草中铅、镉、铬、砷4种重金属的含量水平及其膳食健康风险水平。以贵州贵阳(GY)、遵义(ZY)、铜仁(TR)、安顺(AS)、毕节(BJ)、六盘水(LPS)、黔东南(QDN)、黔西南(QXN)、黔南(QN)等9个市(州)市售鱼腥草为研究对象,利用微波消解处理样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定样品中的4种重金属含量,利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法对重金属的污染程度进行评价,利用目标危害系数法进行膳食风险评估。结果显示,鱼腥草中Pb含量为0.084～0.12 mg/kg, Cd含量为0.041～0.068 mg/kg, Cr含量为0.076～0.43 mg/kg, As含量为0.074～0.14 mg/kg。TR、QDN、ZY市售鱼腥草Pb的单项污染指数均大于1,9个市(州)市售鱼腥草Cd、Cr、As的单项污染指数均小于1。不同市(州)市售鱼腥草的内梅罗综合污染指数大小次序为1>TR>QDN>ZY>AS>GY>BJ>QXN>0.7≥QN>LPS。单一重金属的膳食健康风险指数(THQ)总体上...     

浅论绿茶与乌龙茶氟含量对人体健康的影响

分别用重蒸水和自来水，通过蒸煮法和浸泡法制出不同浓度的绿茶液和乌龙茶液，对比测定研究茶液中氟含量，结果表明，茶液中的氟含量随茶叶浓度增加而增加，且乌龙茶高于绿茶，当茶叶浓度超过１０．０ｇ／Ｌ时，茶液中的氟含量即超过国家饮水卫生标准，提示人们饮用水茶液浓度在５．０ｇ／Ｌ左右为宜。     

海南产与市售六种中药材中重金属含量的比较研究

用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了海南产与市售六种中药材中 (益智、槟榔、胡椒、广藿香、丁香及肉豆蔻 )的铜、铅、镉含量 ,用氢化物原子荧光法测定了其中砷、汞含量。通过对海南与市售六种中药材中铜、铅、镉、砷及汞五种重金属元素含量的比较研究 ,说明海南生态环境优良 ,是实现中药材GAP种植 ,生产绿色中药材的最佳环境     

茶叶中重金属浸出规律的研究

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了红茶和绿茶中铅、铜、锌的含量。考察了浸泡次数、浸泡温度和浸泡时间对铅、铜、锌3种金属元素浸出率的影响。结果表明,茶叶中铅、铜、锌的浸出率随浸泡次数的增多而减少,随浸泡温度的升高而增大,30min前随浸泡时间延长而增加。     

应用ICP-MS测定市售红葡萄酒中重金属元素的含量

目的随着对葡萄酒功效的认识,它逐渐成为普通人喜欢的饮品,所以对葡萄酒中各种成分的研究也成了热点。方法借助先进的ICP-MS技术对4种葡萄酒中的各种重金属和微量元素进行测定。结果金属元素质量浓度由高到低顺序为:As,Cr,Pb,Cd,As最高不超过0.5μg.mL-1,结论符合国家食品卫生标准。     

山西省马铃薯主产区土壤重金属含量状况评价与膳食暴露评估

【目的】探明山西马铃薯种植区域土壤重金属污染状况,并对马铃薯进行重金属摄入健康风险评价。【方法】选取山西省境内马铃薯优势产业基地县(区)作为调查研究对象,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析了马铃薯产地土壤及产品中铅、镉、砷、铬、镍、铜、锌等七种重金属元素含量状况,并采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对土壤中重金属进行生态风险评价,采用目标危险系数法对马铃薯进行重金属摄入健康风险评价。【结果】山西省马铃薯主产区土壤中7种重金属单项污染指数均小于1,综合污染指数小于0.5,潜在生态危害为轻微,土壤环境质量总体属于非污染水平,成人和儿童因食用马铃薯而摄入重金属的健康风险指数均小于1。【结论】山西省马铃薯主产区土壤中重金属污染程度较低,而马铃薯中重金属的残留对人体健康存在隐患,建议制定预防性手段,加强对马铃薯及其他蔬菜等土壤中重金属的跟踪与监测,确保农产品产地环境质量,从而确保农产品质量安全。     

超临界CO_2络合萃取绿茶中Cu、Pb和Cd的研究

本文采用超临界CO2络合萃取法萃取绿茶中的Cu、Pb和Cd。分别考察了不同改性剂和络合剂、萃取压力、萃取温度以及静态和动态萃取时间对三种重金属的萃取率影响。研究结果表明:以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)/HNO3为络合剂,乙醇为改性剂,在20MPa、333K、静态和动态萃取时间分别为30min的最佳条件下,Cu、Pb和Cd的萃取率分别为78.3%、73.2%和69.5%。     

宁波市饮用水中重金属铁锌铜健康风险度评价

对宁波市区内36个样点的饮用水中Fe,Zn,Cu的质量浓度进行了调查研究,并应用目前美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对各区饮用水中Fe,Zn,Cu所引起的健康风险度作了初步评价。结果表明,宁波市区Fe,Zn,Cu的平均质量浓度范围分别为Fe 35~809μg/L,Zn51~1 147μg/L,Cu 14~98μg/L;通过饮水途径所引起的非致癌健康风险中Zn在邱隘(样点)的致癌年风险最大(1.7×10-5),但低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的通过饮水途径最大可接受年风险水平(5×10-5),Cu,Fe的年风险水平(10-8~10-9)均远低于ICRP推荐的最大可接受风险水平。因此与Fe,Cu相比,Zn为主要的风险污染物,应进行优先管理。     

宁波市饮用水中重金属污染物镉健康风险评价

对宁波市区内36个监测点的饮用水中Cd的质量浓度进行了调查研究,并应用目前美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对各区饮用水中Cd所引起的健康风险度作了初步评价。结果表明,宁波市区镉的平均质量浓度范围为0～3.2μg/L;通过饮水途径所引起的致癌健康风险中Cd在邱隘的致癌风险最大(8.7×10-6.a-1),但低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的通过饮水途径最大可接受风险水平(5×10-5.a-1)。由于邱隘地区饮用水中的镉风险度相对较高,因此应优先对其进行管理。总体来说,Cd的个人年风险在10-6水平,所以宁波市通过饮水所引起的慢性镉暴露不会对暴露人群引起健康危害。     

鲁西南沿黄县区玉米中铅、镉、砷、铬的重金属含量及健康风险评价

为了评估鲁西南沿黄县区(东明县、牡丹区、鄄城县、郓城县)玉米中铅、镉、砷、铬重金属的污染风险,采集该地区玉米果穗,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)仪测定其玉米籽粒中铅、镉、砷、铬的含量,并使用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合多因子指数法和目标危险系数法开展玉米籽粒重金属污染评价和健康风险评价。结果表明,鲁西南沿黄县区玉米籽粒中重金属铅、镉、砷、铬的含量均未超出GB 2762—2017中规定的限量,重金属含量以Cr最高;鲁西南沿黄县区P_综和TTHQ均小于1,说明玉米籽粒中的重金属元素含量为清洁安全等级,食用该地区玉米对人体的健康风险较低。     

Speciation Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sludge of Huainan,China

In order to fully understand the morphological characteristics and pollution status of heavy metals in the dewatered sludge of Huainan Municipal sewage treatment plant, the physical and chemical properties were analyzed, and the content and occurrence forms of heavy metals (As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) in the sludge were studied using the geological accumulation method (Igeo), risk assessment coding method (RAC), and potential ecological risk index method to evaluate the ecological risk. The results showed that the municipal sludge in Huainan was rich in nutrients, with good prospects for agricultural utilization. There were differences in the morphological distributions of different heavy metals. The Igeo values for Ni, As, Cr, and Pb were below 0. The results of RAC indicated that the risk level of Cr in sludge was a low risk, and those of other heavy metals were moderate risks. The potential ecological risk of Cd had the highest potential ecological risk, and the other six metals were of low ecological risk. This conclusion can provide basic data and a theoretical reference for the comprehensive utilization of sludge in sewage treatment plants.     

黑苦荞保健茶中重金属的分析评价

采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光度法测定了四川省凉山州某几个品牌黑苦荞保健茶中的重金属铅、镉、铬、无机砷和汞的含量,并以NY/T 1510-2007标准绿色食品麦类制品为依据,对黑苦荞保健茶重金属污染状况进行了分析评价。结果表明,黑苦荞保健茶受重金属元素污染的程度由高到低表现为铅、铬、镉、无机砷和汞,但含量均未超过国家标准规定;黑苦荞叶芽茶和全株茶的重金属污染较为严重,全胚茶未受重金属污染。     

Quality Assessment of Wild and Cultivated Green Tea from Different Regions of China

Natural products have always enjoyed great popularity among consumers. Wild tea is an interesting alternative to tea from intensive plantations. The term “wild tea” is applied to many different varieties of tea, the most desirable and valued of which are native or indigenous tea plants. Special pro-health properties of wild tea are attributed to the natural conditions in which it grows. However, there are no complex studies that describe quality and health indicators of wild tea. The aim of this research was to evaluate the quality of wild and cultivated green tea from different regions of China: Wuzhishan, Baisha, Kunlushan, and Pu’Er. The assessment was carried out by verifying the concentration of selected chemical components in tea and relating it to the health risks they may pose, as well as to the nutritional requirements of adults. Wild tea was characterized by higher micronutrient concentration. The analyzed teas can constitute a valuable source of Mn in the diet. A higher concentration of nitrates and oxalates in cultivated tea can be associated with fertilizer use. The analyzed cultivated tea was a better source of antioxidants with a higher concentration of caffeine. There were no indications of health risks for wild or cultivated teas.     

Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment of Metals and Nitrogen Compounds in Drinking Water from an Urban Area Near a Former Non-Ferrous Ore Smelter

The quality and potential health risk of drinking waters in Medias, a town near a former non-ferrous ore smelter in Romania, was assessed using the drinking water quality index (DWQI), hazard quotient (HQ) and total hazard quotient (THQ). A total of 29 water samples collected from 26 wells and 3 springs used as drinking water sources, located in near proximity to agricultural, industrial or household contamination sources, were characterized. The obtained results indicated high NO₂^?, NO₃^?, Cd and Mn levels that exceeded the corresponding maximum allowable concentrations. According to the DWQI values, only 10% of water sources have acceptable quality, while 21% are threatened, and 69% have poor- quality. The health risk assessment suggested a high risk for NO₃^? for more than 72% of the drinking waters HQ_NO3^??>?1.0 but no risk for metals and NO₂^? (HQ_metals< 1.0; HQ_NO2^?< 1.0).     

共沉淀分离富集偏最小二乘法在茶叶重金属测定中的应用

以铜试剂为共沉淀剂,在pH值为10.0的条件下,共沉淀分离富集茶叶中痕量金属离子Ni^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Cd^(2+)和Cu^(2+),并分析了铜试剂与金属离子形成配合物的最佳沉淀条件.用4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)作为这4种重金属离子的显色剂进行分光光度测定,采用偏最小二乘-紫外可见光度法同时测定了四组分金属离子的模拟混合试样,并在茶叶中进行上述金属离子含量的测定.方法操作简便、结果可靠,对茶叶中重金属测定有一定实用价值.     

Simultaneous Determination and Health Risk Assessment of Four High Detection Rate Pesticide Residues in Pu’er Tea from Yunnan,China

Four pesticides with a high detection rate in Pu’er tea have been determined by a QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) method with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and combined ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole linear ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). MWCNs have been compared with other common purification materials, and found to be superior. The matrix effect was systematically studied, and the results show that the MWCNs can quickly and effectively reduce matrix interference values, which were in the range from −17.8 to 13.8. The coefficients (R²) were greater than 0.99, with the limit of quantification ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 μg/kg, and the recovery rate ranging from 74.8% to 105.0%, while the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 3.9% to 6.6%. A total of 300 samples, taken from three areas in which Yunnan Pu’er tea was most commonly produced, tested for four pesticides. The results show that the detection rate of tolfenpyrad in Pu’er tea was 35.7%, which is higher than other pesticides, and the lowest was indoxacarb, with 5.2%. The residual concentrations of chlorpyrifos, triazophos, tolfenpyrad and indoxacarb ranged from 1.10 to 5.28, 0.014 to 0.103, 1.02 to 51.8, and 1.07 to 4.89 mg/kg, respectively. By comparing with China’s pesticide residue limits in tea (GB 2763-2021), the over standard rates of chlorpyrifos, tolfenpyrad, and indoxacarb were 4.35%, 0.87% and 0%, respectively. The risk assessment result obtained with the hazard quotient (HQ) method shows that the HQ of the four pesticides was far less than one, indicating that the risk is considered acceptable for the four pesticides in Pu’er tea. The largest HQ was found for tolfenpyrad, 0.0135, and the smallest was found for indoxacarb, 0.000757, but more attention should be paid to tolfenpyrad in daily diets in the future, because its detection rate, and residual and residual median were all relatively high.     

废旧电池中的重金属对人体的危害

讨论了废旧电池对环境的致毒作用和对人体健康的危害，介绍了废旧电池中重金属在生物体中的吸收、转化、分布、作用部位及毒性，指出人类社会的可持续性发展与自然生态循环的协调一致要求从源头上制止污染，而不是在术端治理污染，即从根本上改变人类的物质生活方式，重新回到生态系统的框架之内。     

大气颗粒物中重金属生态风险评价与源解析

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）分析厦门市大气TSP中重金属含量,研究大气重金属生态风险和来源。结果表明,各功能区大气TSP日均质量浓度范围为192-326μg/m3;TSP中各重金属含量空间分布差异较大,含量由高到低分别为：工业区,交通区,居住区。富集因子显示,Cd和As在3个功能区的富集程度极高,Cu在3个功能区也有不同程度的富集,Sr和Mg在居住区和交通区存在一定程度的富集。潜在生态风险评价表明,重金属潜在生态风险程度由高到低的顺序为：Cd,As,Cu,Pb,Co,Ni,Cr,V,Mn,Ti,三个功能区综合潜在生态风险程度极高,由高到低顺序为：居住区,交通区,工业区。多元统计分析结果表明,重金属主要来源于自然和人为扬尘、工业活动以及交通和燃烧排放,贡献率分别为43.56%、26.19%和17.12%。