Field inside a random distribution of parallel dipoles

We determine the probability distribution for the field inside a random distribution of electric or magnetic dipoles. Although the average contribution from any spherical shell around the probe position vanishes, at the center of a spherical distribution of parallel dipoles, the Levy stable distribution of the field is symmetric around a nonvanishing field amplitude. Omission of contributions from a small volume around the probe leads to a field distribution with a vanishing mean, which, in the limit of vanishing excluded volume, converges to the shifted distribution.     

Organic glasses: cluster structure of the random energy landscape

An appropriate model for the random energy landscape in organic glasses is a spatially correlated Gaussian field. We calculated the distribution of the average value of a Gaussian random field in a finite domain. The results of the calculation demonstrate a strong dependence of the width of the distribution on the spatial correlations of the field. Comparison with the simulation results for the distribution of the size of the cluster indicates that the distribution of an average field could serve as a useful tool for the estimation of the asymptotic behavior of the distribution of the size of the clusters for “deep” clusters where value of the field on each site is much greater than the rms disorder. We also demonstrate significant modification of the properties of energetic disorder in organic glasses at the vicinity of the electrode.     

基于广义极值的混沌电场峰值分布研究

通过分析峰值分布及广义极值分布理论关于混沌电场峰值分布的特点,获得一种混沌电场峰值分布的计算方法,结合Bootstrap重采样技术,提出了混沌电场峰值分布参数估计方法,该方法吸取了重采样技术估计的优点,对分布参数置信区间的估计更为准确、实用。以蒙特卡罗仿真和某机械搅拌混响室内电场数据为实例,结果表明,与传统的正态近似法、百分位法、BC-t等方法相比,其计算结果与实际结果更为吻合,证明了该方法具有更高的准确度。     

Conductance distribution in two-dimensional localized systems with and without magnetic fields

We have obtained the universal conductance distribution of two-dimensional disordered systems in the strongly localized limit. This distribution is directly related to the Tracy-Widom distribution, which has recently appeared in many different problems. We first map a forward scattering paths model into a problem of directed random polymers previously solved. We show numerically that the same distribution also applies to other forward scattering paths models and to the Anderson model. We show that most of the electric current follows a preferential percolation-type path. The particular form of the distribution depends on the type of leads used to measure the conductance. The application of a moderate magnetic field changes the average conductance and the size of fluctuations, but not the distribution when properly scaled. Although the presence of magnetic field changes the universality class, we show that the conductance distribution in the strongly localized limit is the same for both classes.     

Vector erf-Gaussian beams: fractional optical vortices and asymmetric TE and TM modes

We have considered the paraxial vector erf-Gaussian beams with field distribution in the form of the error function that are shaped by the cone of plane waves with a fractional step of the azimuthal phase distribution modulated by the Gaussian envelope. We have revealed that the initial distributions of the transverse electric and transverse magnetic fields have a far from standard form but at the far diffraction field the field distributions recover nearly the symmetric form.     

复合场下优化产生粒子对能量分布宽度的特性研究

采用计算量子场论的方法,对振荡场加稳恒场的组合外场下真空中正反粒子对的产生特性进行了研究.通过一系列的对比得到当振荡场的宽度减小时,一方面可增加正反粒子对的产生量,另一方面也可减小正反粒子对的能量分布宽度从而得到能量单一性更好的粒子对.同时,通过分析产生量、能量分布宽度与振荡场宽度的关系可得出,仅在一定范围内减小振荡场的宽度可使能量分布更加集中,则能量分布宽度趋于某个极限值.因此,要得到产生量多且能量分布集中的正反粒子对应选择合适的参数,这可为今后的实验设计提供数据参考.     

Transmission property and field distribution in metal-dielectric multilayer structure

We study the transmission property and field distribution in metal-dielectric multilayer structure. It is shown that the thickness of dielectric strongly affects the transmission spectral behavior and the electric field distribution inside the structure. With increase of the dielectric thickness we can get multi-passband in the spectrum over a tunable range of frequencies from ultraviolet to infrared frequency range. Moreover, the field distribution under all resonant wavelengths is obtained, which presents a law of correspondence with the transmission spectrum of the structure and a new phenomenon that multi-node appears in the field distribution in each metal-dielectric-metal cavity is predicted.     

The internal magnetic field distribution, and single exponential magnetic resonance free induction decay, in rocks

When fluid saturated porous media are subjected to an applied uniform magnetic field, an internal magnetic field, inside the pore space, is induced due to magnetic susceptibility differences between the pore-filling fluid and the solid matrix. The microscopic distribution of the internal magnetic field, and its gradients, was simulated based on the thin-section pore structure of a sedimentary rock. The simulation results were verified experimentally. We show that the 'decay due to diffusion in internal field' magnetic resonance technique may be applied to measure the pore size distribution in partially saturated porous media. For the first time, we have observed that the internal magnetic field and its gradients in porous rocks have a Lorentzian distribution, with an average gradient value of zero. The Lorentzian distribution of internal magnetic field arises from the large susceptibility contrast and an intrinsic disordered pore structure in these porous media. We confirm that the single exponential magnetic resonance free induction decay commonly observed in fluid saturated porous media arises from a Lorentzian internal field distribution. A linear relationship between the magnetic resonance linewidth, and the product of the susceptibility difference in the porous media and the applied magnetic field, is observed through simulation and experiment.     

Fisher Information and Statistical Properties of Two Qubits in Two Modes of the Gaussian Distribution

We estimate the quantum state of two qubits and a two-mode field obeying the Gaussian distribution and give the two Gaussian modes and the density matrix in explicit forms. We study the dynamic properties of the Mandel parameter as a quantifier of the statistical properties for the radiation field during the process of its time evolution. We investigate the nonlocal correlation between the two atoms as well as their entanglement with the field distribution. In addition, we obtain the Fisher information based on the estimation of the atomic state and compare it with the Mandel parameter. Finally, we explore the link between the statistical quantities of the field for different parameters of the two Gaussian modes.     

双星系统的能量及其分布

本文援引胡宁所推广的引力场总能量动量赝张量密度式,计算了双星系统的能量,其结果是正常的。然而,这能量的分布却是不确定的;分布的规律基本上与孤立静止星球的席瓦兹外域场一致。如果认为场源物质所产生的引力场不再具有引力质量,则可决定该密度式中的n值,即引力场能量的分布也被确定。 关键词：     

Sub-Poisson Distribution of a Radiation Field in a Cascade Three-Level Atomic System

In a cascade three-level atomic system, a parametric study of sub-Poisson or super-Poisson distribution of a stimulated field was performed. By numerical calculation and figures, we investigated the. time evolution of the sub-Poisson distribution of a radiation field. We found that different atomic initial states and different ratios of photon numb& of two radiation fields as well as different ratios of two transitions have a remarkable influence on this distribution. It is interesting to note that under certain conditions, in this cascade structure, there is a high degree of super-Poisson distribution that has not been reported in other structures. We try to explore this anomaly in detail.     

Bayesian approach to non-Gaussian field statistics for diffusive broadband terahertz pulses

We develop a closed-form expression for the probability distribution function for the field components of a diffusive broadband wave propagating through a random medium. We consider each spectral component to provide an individual observation of a random variable, the configurationally averaged spectral intensity. Since the intensity determines the variance of the field distribution at each frequency, this random variable serves as the Bayesian prior that determines the form of the non-Gaussian field statistics. This model agrees well with experimental results.     

Distributions of switching times of single-domain particles using a time quantified Monte Carlo method

Using a time quantified Monte Carlo scheme we performed simulations of the switching time distribution of single mono-domain particles in the Stoner–Wohlfarth approximation. We considered uniaxial anisotropy and different conditions for the external applied field. The results obtained show the switching time distribution can be well described by two relaxation times, either when the applied field is parallel to the easy axis or for an oblique external field and a larger damping constant. We found that in the low barrier limit these relaxation times are in very good agreement with analytical results obtained from solutions of the Fokker–Planck equation related to this problem. When the damping is small and the applied field is oblique the shape of the distribution curves shows several peaks and resonance effects.     

环形等离子体平衡时维持场电流的计算

本文介绍一个计算轴对称任意截面环形等离子体平衡问题的方法。先选定等离子体边界和环电流分布,用有限元方法解平衡方程的边值问题。借助于虚壳原理,得到用平衡方程解表示的能够产生平衡时所需要的维持场的虚壳电流。计算虚壳电流在等离子体区的维持场,以它为根据,采用积分方程开拓,求等离子体区外某位形上的维持场电流分布。解决这个问题的主要困难是当磁场向外开拓时遇到了不适定问题。我们用奇异值分解方法解不适定的Fredholm第一类积分方程。这个方法能容易地找到稳定解,对解决这个平衡问题是简单有效的。我们以七种等离子体截面形状,三种电流分布为具体模型,在三种维持场电流分布位形上给出了维持场电流分布。还给出了维持场形态,维持场总电流与等离子体总电流的比较,并简单讨论了维持场对等离子体整体稳定性的影响。 关键词：     

Generation of optical vortices with arbitrary shape and array via helical phase spatial filtering

We report a method for generation of arbitrary shape and array of optical vortices by use of a superposition of coherent elementary vortices based on helical phase spatial filtering in spatial frequency domain. In this method, a helical phase spatial filter (HPSF) is placed in the spatial frequency plane of a 4-f imaging processing system. We demonstrated that the output field distribution represents the convolution between the input field and an elementary vortex field introduced by the HPSF, which results in a special shape or array of optical vortices determined by the “degenerate” properties of coherent elementary vortices and the distribution formats of the input field.     

Effect of current-induced magnetic field on magnetization dynamics in spin-torque nano-oscillator with point-contact geometry

We show micromagnetic simulation results for spin-torque nano-oscillator (STNO) with point-contact geometry. Numerical results obtained from three different models are compared in order to investigate the effect of current-induced Oersted field and non-uniform current distribution on the characteristics of STNO. It is found that the Oersted field and non-uniform current distribution affect the frequency and precession mode both qualitatively and quantitatively. An anisotropic emission of spin-waves is observed only when considering the Oersted field properly. Our results suggest that a realistic consideration of the current distribution and consequent Oersted field distribution is of critical important to design STNOs and to understand the characteristics of STNOs.     

Tunneling from a 3-dimensional quantum well in an electric field: an analytic solution

We derive the stationary tunneling solution for charged particles moving in a spherical, 3-dimensional zero-range potential plus a constant electric field. From the analytic expression for the wave function we calculate the distribution of the current inside and outside the vacuum barrier. At low field strengths there is a constant spreading of the tunnel current orthogonal to the direction of the applied field. At intermediate field strengths the exact results for the current distribution behave different from the semiclassical predictions.     

Magnetic Properties of Dipolar Chains in Ferrofluids

We have investigated the dipole interaction energies per particle and the local dipole field distributions in a frozen-magnetization model of a ferrofluid chain in a saturating magnetic field. A lognormal distribution of particle diameters was assumed. The interaction energies were calculated for one-dimensional arrays of dipoles with moments parallel to the chain. We have computed the energies by various approximations related to the hard sphere particle diameter distribution. A similar approach was followed for the local field distributions. It was found that the energy per particle and mean local field were largely determined by the mean particle diameter, but the distribution of local fields was sensitive to both the mean diameter and the assumptions about spatial correlations between particles of different size. Detailed results are presented for water-soluble Fe₃O₄/PAA (polyacrylic acid).     

Effect of Media on the Electric Field of a Rhombic Nanostructure Array

Electric field distribution is an important parameter for nanostructure arrays in nanobiosensing appfications. It can influence the sensitivity and the resolution of nanobiosensors. We focus on the effect of media on the electric field distribution of a rhombic silver nanostructure array. The finite-difference time-domain algorithm- based numerical calculation method is used to monitor the electric field distribution of the silver nanostructures when the refractive index of the medium around the nanostructure array is changed. The calculated results show that tuning the refractive index of the medium around silver can have a considerable influence on the electric field distribution in the reflection and transmission directions. This effect can be used to increase the extinction efficiency and to improve the resolution of the spectra for nanobiosensing.