筒形件液压拉深过程最优压边力的研究

结合筒形件液压拉深新装置的基本工作原理，提出了筒形件拉深法兰部分切向应变更为精确的简化计算公式，进一步获得了该法兰区域板料径向及切向应力的新的数学表达式。应用能量法重新建立了筒形件拉深时法兰区板料不起皱的最小压边力的数学表达式。明确指出液压拉深时拉深中的危险断面在板料凹模圆角区和筒壁区相交处，建立了相应的拉深力的计算公式，并获得了拉深破裂临界状态时极限拉深力及径向应力表达式。推导出了拉深破裂最大压边力的公式．指出实际拉深时最佳压边力应在防皱最小压边力和拉破最大压边力之间选取，同时根据该结果也能计算液体压力与最小拉深系数的关系。计算结果表明，该液压拉深方法可大幅度提高拉深变形程度，值得在工业实际中推广应用。     

一种适用于板料成形过程分析的自适应有限元方法

本文主要讨论在板料成形过程的动态显式有限元分析中,有限元网格的丙分割技术。单元为四节点壳单元,板料的材料特性假定满足Ｈｉｌｌ各向异性的弹塑性准则,采用自适应ｈ－方案,通过细化和聚合单元调整网格的疏密,模具被假定为由刚性小平面组成,与同一单元的节点发生接触处的模具表面的法线之间的夹角作为单元再分的判据。通过对方表盒冲压成形过程的计算,说明该方法是有效的。     

三维板料成形过程的显式有限元分析

本文采用基于随动坐标系的假定应变域壳单元及显式有限元格式求解三维板料成形问题。板材料服从Ｈｉｌ各向异性弹塑性准则，板料与模具之间的接触界面由主仆面接触搜寻法处理，接触力由罚参数法计算。文中给出了几个三维成形过程的计算实例。数值算例表明，本文方法具有较高的计算精度和计算效率，可在微机上分析中等复杂程度的成形过程     

基于有限元的板料拉延成形质量评价准则及工艺参数优化研究

近年来,以有限元分析工具并结合优化算法来提高板料的成形性能已成为新的研究热点.然而,如何建立合理的板料成形质量评价准则以形成日标函数,从而量化冲压件的成形质量是其关键技术之一.该文在研究国内外现有的各种评价拉裂和起皱缺陷准则的基础上,提出了指数加权评价准则,该准则量化了单元落在成形极限图上不同区域和离安全区域距离远近不同分别对拉裂和起皱权值贡献的差异.结合方形盒标准考题验证了提出的评价准则的合理性.将该质量评价准则应用到了一个实际零件的成形优化研究中,优化的结果显著的提高了板料的成形性能.     

网链缠结对凝胶薄膜起皱的影响

凝胶薄膜在变形时易发生屈曲、起皱等失稳现象,这在凝胶薄膜的应用中是非常重要的．近年来,针对凝胶薄膜的屈曲、起皱失稳行为,越来越多的科研人员尝试从力学角度进行分析．但是大多数的研究是基于Flory-Rehner弹性凝胶理论,未考虑凝胶网链缠结引起的物理交联对凝胶自由能的影响,模型精度不高．本文采用Edwards-Vilgis所提出的Slip-link模型对平面内起皱的凝胶薄膜进行分析,研究了不伸展参数、滑移参数对聚合物凝胶增量模量的影响以及不伸展参数、滑移参数、基底材料泊松比对凝胶薄膜起皱时的临界波长和临界应力的影响．结果表明：化学势在一定范围内变化时,随着化学势的增加,增量模量、临界波长、临界应力减小;不可伸长参数越大,增量模量、临界波长及临界应力越大;滑移参数越大,增量模量、临界波长及临界应力越小．     

金属塑性变形极限判据

研究出金属材料塑性变形极限判据，它为断裂力学和失效分析提供理论依据。利用这判据，裂纹尖端的临界应变和相应的临界应力可以确定。在板料成形中，拉应力下颈缩失稳的临界应变值可以定出。节省大量试验工作。     

塑性各向异性板料本构关系及冲压成形的数值模拟

推导了具有一般屈服函数形式的弹塑性速率型本构关系;给出了用于板料成形的Hill塑性各向异性屈服模型下本构关系的具体形式;用有限元动力显式计算程序MSC/DYTRAN模拟了金属板料的冲压成形;通过算例分析,考察了塑性各向异性对凸耳形成和大小以及对成形模拟结果准确性的影响;数值结果和实验结果表明：各向（厚向）异性本构模型比各向同性本构模型更真实地反映了板料的成形性。     

正交各向异性薄板的弹塑性屈曲分析

本文应用混合硬化正交各向异性塑性理论和屈曲的能量法则，推导了正交各向异性薄板在面内压缩情况下的弹塑性稳定方程，计算了相应的临界荷载，并讨论几何形状、边界条件及诱导荷载比等对临界应力的影响。分析表明材料的各向异性性质对弹塑性临界应力的有较大的影响。     

圆柱形含能材料热爆炸临界参数计算

根据变分原理,计算了各表面散热条件不同的有限长圆柱含能材料的热爆炸临界参数和临界温度,研究了长径比对热爆炸临界参数和临界温度的影响;计算了各表面散热条件不同的有限长圆柱材料的热爆炸临界参数,得出了Biot数和对热爆炸临界参数和临界温度的作用。计算表明,用变分的方法将求解热爆炸导热方程问题转化为对一个特征值方程求解,求解过程要简单得多,且精度高、速度快。     

基于物理中面FGM板屈曲的有限元分析

基于物理中面的概念,根据最小势能原理推导了功能梯度材料FGM薄板屈曲的有限元控制方程,求得临界荷载的有限元解。利用FGM板的屈曲方程与参考均匀板的屈曲方程之间的相似性,建立了FGM板的临界荷载与参考均匀板的临界荷载之间的相似转换关系式,从而将FGM板临界荷载的计算转变为参考均匀板的临界荷载和材料不均匀系数的计算,极大地提高了计算效率,为FGM的推广起积极的推动作用。通过数值算例,将由有限元法和转换关系式得到的临界荷载进行了比较,并讨论了边界条件、荷载工况、材料组成和几何尺寸等对FGM板临界荷载的影响。     

夹层梁总体屈曲及皱曲的有限元计算

皱曲是夹层结构的一种短波屈曲模式,通常发生于夹心较厚或夹心刚度较低的情况。由于模型规模的限制,在常规有限元建模时通常将夹层板模拟为二维板单元,这种方法忽略了面板和夹心在厚度方向上的相互作用,无法计算出皱曲模式。针对上述问题,本文首先介绍了一个计算夹层结构总体屈曲和皱曲的统一理论,并将此理论的计算结果作为理论解。为了同时...     

方板对角拉伸分叉、鼓动与起皱

以Ｈｉｌ关于弹塑性材料唯一性的充分性条件为理论基础，采用虚功率增率型原理和Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ曲壳单元的弹塑性大变形有限元模型成功地模拟了方板对角拉伸（ＹＢＴ）分叉后继变形的鼓动与起皱过程，并与同类实验结果进行了比较最后还讨论了板厚ｔ和端面拉伸宽度Ｂ对分叉模式和起皱模式的影响为板材成形过程中发生的分叉、鼓动与起皱现象提供一种有效的有限元数学模型     

Stretch-induced wrinkling of polyethylene thin sheets: Experiments and modeling

This paper presents a study on stretch-induced wrinkling of thin polyethylene sheets when subjected to uniaxial stretch with two clamped ends. Three-dimensional digital image correlation was used to measure the wrinkling deformation. It was observed that the wrinkle amplitude increased as the nominal strain increased up to around 10%, but then decreased at larger strain levels. This behavior is consistent with results of finite element simulations for a hyperelastic thin sheet reported previously (Nayyar et al., 2011). However, wrinkles in the polyethylene sheet were not fully flattened out at large strains (>30%) as predicted for the hyperelastic sheet, but exhibited a residual wrinkle whose amplitude depended on the loading rate. This is attributed to the viscoelastic response of the material. Two different viscoelastic models were adopted in finite element simulations to study the effects of viscoelasticity on wrinkling and to improve the agreement with the experiments, including residual wrinkles and rate dependence. It is found that a parallel network model of nonlinear viscoelasticity is suitable for simulating the constitutive behavior and stretch-induced wrinkling of the polyethylene sheets.     

A comparative analysis of numerical approaches to the mechanics of elastic sheets

Numerically simulating deformations in thin elastic sheets is a challenging problem in computational mechanics due to destabilizing compressive stresses that result in wrinkling. Determining the location, structure, and evolution of wrinkles in these problems has important implications in design and is an area of increasing interest in the fields of physics and engineering. In this work, several numerical approaches previously proposed to model equilibrium deformations in thin elastic sheets are compared. These include standard finite element-based static post-buckling approaches as well as a recently proposed method based on dynamic relaxation, which are applied to the problem of an annular sheet with opposed tractions where wrinkling is a key feature. Numerical solutions are compared to analytic predictions of the ground state, enabling a quantitative evaluation of the predictive power of the various methods. Results indicate that static finite element approaches produce local minima that are highly sensitive to initial imperfections, relying on a priori knowledge of the equilibrium wrinkling pattern to generate optimal results. In contrast, dynamic relaxation is much less sensitive to initial imperfections and can generate low-energy solutions for a wide variety of loading conditions without requiring knowledge of the equilibrium solution beforehand.     

含胶接缺陷的椭球泡沫夹层结构破坏机理与承载能力研究

采用试验和有限元方法,对含胶接缺陷的椭球泡沫夹层结构在外压作用下的破坏模式和承载能力进行了研究。针对国内在研的大尺寸椭球泡沫夹层结构,实施了全尺寸静力外压试验,发现初始胶接缺陷破坏了夹层结构界面应力传递的连续性;随着载荷增加,面板发生皱褶且脱胶界面继续扩展,从而降低结构整体承载能力。通过红外无损检测确定了缺陷的类型和形貌;采用预留相应初始脱粘面积、脱粘间隙以及内聚力单元模拟界面脱粘的有限元分析方法,对含胶接缺陷的椭球泡沫夹层结构承载能力进行预测。数值结果表明:含胶接缺陷结构易发生面板皱褶,且结构顶部和根部区域较易发生界面脱粘扩展。数值和试验结果取得了较好的一致性,本文结果可为同类结构设计提供参考。     

Stretch-induced stress patterns and wrinkles in hyperelastic thin sheets

Wrinkles are commonly observed in stretched thin sheets and membranes. This paper presents a numerical study on stretch-induced wrinkling of hyperelastic thin sheets based on nonlinear finite element analyses. The model problem is set up for uniaxial stretching of a rectangular sheet with two clamped ends and two free edges. A two-dimensional stress analysis is performed first under the plane-stress condition to determine stretch-induced stress distribution patterns in the elastic sheets, assuming no wrinkles. As a prerequisite for wrinkling, development of compressive stresses in the transverse direction is found to depend on both the length-to-width aspect ratio of the sheet and the applied tensile strain in the longitudinal direction. A phase diagram is constructed with four different distribution patterns of the stretch-induced compressive stresses, spanning a wide range of aspect ratio and tensile strain. Next, an eigenvalue analysis is performed to find the potential buckling modes of the elastic sheet under the prescribed boundary conditions. Finally, a nonlinear post-buckling analysis is performed to show evolution of stretch-induced wrinkles. In addition to the aspect ratio and tensile strain, it is found that the critical condition for wrinkling and the post-buckling behavior both depend sensitively on the sheet thickness. In general, wrinkles form only when both the magnitude and the distribution area of the compressive stresses are sufficiently large. The wrinkle wavelength decreases with increasing strain, in good agreement with the prediction by a scaling analysis. However, as the tensile strain increases, the wrinkle amplitude first increases and then decreases, eventually flattened beyond a moderately large critical strain, in contrast to the scaling analysis.     

Postbifurcation behavior of wrinkles in square metal sheets under Yoshida Test

The stretching of a square sheet along one of its diagonals, called “Yoshida Test”, has been developed to simulate the wrinkling behavior in press forming of steel sheets into autobody panels. The finite deformation, onset of wrinkling, and growth of wrinkles in such a specimen are investigated. Hill's yield criterion for sheet materials having the normal anisotropy and Hill's quasistatic bifurcation criterion are employed. The growth of wrinkles in the finite deformation process is incrementally and numerically determined by a thin shell finite element in a convected coordinate system. The Lagrangian formulation of the thin shell finite element is based on Hill's variational principle for elastic-plastic solids, a modification of Love-Kirchhoff postulates and a quasiconforming element technique. The shell element fulfills the interelement C¹ continuity condition in a variational sense. Reasonable agreements between the present numerical results and available analytical and experimental results are shown.     

Multiscale tow-phase flow modeling of sheet and cloud cavitation

A multiscale two-phase flow model based on a coupled Eulerian/Lagrangian approach is applied to capture the sheet cavitation formation, development, unsteady breakup, and bubble cloud shedding on a hydrofoil. No assumptions are needed on mass transfer. Instead natural free field nuclei and solid boundary nucleation are modelled and enable capture of the sheet and cloud dynamics. The multiscale model includes a micro-scale model for tracking the bubbles, a macro-scale model for describing large cavity dynamics, and a transition scheme to bridge the micro and macro scales. With this multiscale model small nuclei are seen to grow into large bubbles, which eventually merge to form a large scale sheet cavity. A reentrant jet forms under the sheet cavity, travels upstream, and breaks the cavity, resulting in the emission of high pressure peaks as the broken pockets shrink and collapse while travelling downstream. The method is validated on a 2D NACA0015 foil and is shown to be in good agreement with published experimental measurements in terms of sheet cavity lengths and shedding frequencies. Sensitivity assessment of the model parameters and 3D effects on the predicted major cavity dynamics are also discussed.     

A new computational method for wrinkling analysis of gossamer space structures

A new Modified Displacement Component (MDC) method is proposed to accurately predict wrinkling characteristics in the membrane by eliminating the singularity of the displacement solution. In MDC method, a singular displacement component is primarily obtained at the wrinkling point by introducing the first-order characteristic vector multiplied by a positive intermediate parameter in the singular stiffness matrix. The non-singularity displacement solution is then obtained by modifying the singular displacement component based on three equality relationships at the wrinkling point. Where, the accurate introduction and the timely removal of the critical wrinkling mode are two key steps. In our simulation, we use a direct perturbed method to accurately consider these two key steps. In the direct perturbed method, some small, quantitative, out-of-plane forces are applied onto the membrane surface directly based on the first wrinkling mode, and then removed immediately after wrinkling starts. Several effective strategies are then used to advance the convergence. A wrinkling test using photogrammetry is used to verify the validity of our method. In addition, we also studied the secondary wrinkling characteristics occurred in the post-wrinkling phase in the end. The secondary wrinkling characteristics are the basic explanations of the wrinkling expansion and evolution in the post-wrinkling phase.     

Initiation and growth of wrinkling due to nonuniform tension in sheet metal forming

An experimental investigation was conducted on the initiation and growth of wrinkling due to nonuniform tension using the Yoshida buckling test. The initiation of wrinkling was detected by strain gages mounted on both surfaces of the samples in the loading and transverse directions. The bifurcation of aluminum auto body sheets appeared to be smooth and much less abrupt than that observed in a steel sheet. A special fixture was designed to, perhaps for the first time, continuously measure the in situ growth of the buckle heights so that the rates of buckle growth were monitored as functions of strain and stress in the loading direction. In contrast to what is commonly believed, it was found that the buckle height is not predominantly determined by the material yield strength, and lower averager value does not increase the rate of buckle growth. Crystallographic texture components and pole figures of the test materials were also measured, and the relationship of plastic anisotropy with wrinkling behavior was investigated by experiments with specimens aligned in the rolling direction, the transverse direction and 45-deg to the rolling direction of the sheet materials.