分光光度法测定头孢氨苄

头孢氨苄与茚三酮在酸性水溶液中能发生显色反应。表观摩尔吸光系数为是７．９５×１０＾３Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１。作者详细研究了该反应的条件，应用拟定的方法测定药物制剂含量与药典方法一致，回收率在９９％以上。     

紫外分光光度法测定丙酮酸

基于丙酮酸在紫外吸收光谱290～340nm区有较强的吸收,建立了分光光度法测定丙酮酸(盐)的方法。在pH11．0的水溶液中,位于320nm处,丙酮酸有吸收,而其他有机酸和杂质无吸收或吸收不明显。在320nm处,丙酮酸在0．2～2．8g／L范围内符合比耳定律,其R2为0．9997,平均回收率99．8％,RSD0．46％。该法适合于发酵液和分离提取过程中丙酮酸及其盐类的测定。     

紫外可见分光光度法测定酶解桑葚酒中多糖含量

采用紫外可见分光光度法测定酶解桑葚酒中的多糖含量。向酶解桑葚酒中加入硫酸,使样品中的多糖水解成单糖,并迅速脱水生成糖醛衍生物,加入苯酚作为显色剂,检测波长为490 nm,标准工作曲线线性方程为y=0.056 8x–0.035,相关系数r=0.999 4。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.03%(n=5),平均加标回收率为98.69%。该方法用于检测酶解桑葚酒中多糖含量,简便、快速。     

紫外分光光度法测定乙二醛含量的研究

首次报道利用醛基的成肟反应以及乙二醛二肟对紫外光的特征吸收，用紫外分光光度法测定乙二醛的含量。试验表明，在８．２×１０＾－６－５．９×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度范围内，乙二醛溶液遵守Ｂｅｅｒ定律；方法的平均回收率为１００．７％（ｎ＝９，ＲＳＤ＝１．１％），具有简便，快速等优点。可供乙二醇氧化制备乙二醛研究中测定乙二醛产率用，也可用于乙二醛产品纯度的测定。     

酶催化分光光度法测定过氧化氢

过氧化氢能够氧化茜素红使之褪色,而模拟酶-血红蛋白对其具有催化作用.建立了一种以茜素红为指示剂的过氧化氢一茜素红一血红蛋白酶催化反应体系测定痕量过氧化氢的方法.确定了反应的最佳条件,体系的酸度为pH 9.8的氨水-氯化铵缓冲溶液,最大吸收波长为525 nm.线性范围为3.0×10-7～8.0×10-5mol·L-1,检出限(3s/k)为5.2×10<'-8>mol·L-1,表观摩尔吸光率为1.1×104mol-1·cm-1.该方法可用于雨水及消毒水中过氧化氢含量的测定.并以此样品为基体,测定了方法的平均回收率和相对标准偏差(n=5)依次为100.3%及3.26%.     

酶催化分光光度法测定蛋白质

基于血清白蛋白对辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化H2O2氧化邻苯二酚紫的反应具有强烈的抑制作用,建立了一种测定血清白蛋白的新方法。在优化的实验条件下:pH4.0NaAc-HAc缓冲介质,(30±0.2)℃恒温反应10min,以430nm为测定波长,本方法测定牛血清白蛋白(BSA)线性范围为(0.4～5.0)×10-7mol/L;检出限为8.6×10-9mol/L。以稳态速率法测定了米氏常数(Km)和米氏速率(Vm),确定其抑制类型为竞争性抑制。方法用于人血清样品中蛋白质的测定,操作简便,灵敏度高,选择性好,结果满意。     

分光光度法测定二氢黄酮化合物对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用

采用分光光度法测定了来源于几种药用植物的天然二氢黄酮类化合物清除超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)的能力,探讨了二氢黄酮类化合物清除O-2·的活性与结构之间的关系,以期为开发利用天然抗氧化剂提供科学依据.     

酶催化分光光度法测定盐酸甲氧氯普胺

试验发现血红蛋白(Hb)对酸性铬蓝K与过氧化氢的氧化褪色反应的催化作用因甲氧氯普胺的存在而受到抑制。此反应系在pH 9.5的氨性缓冲介质中进行,并根据在551 nm波长(为酸性铬蓝K在此条件下的吸收峰)处测得的吸光度A0(试剂空白溶液)、A1(加Hb溶液)及A2(加Hb和甲氧氯普胺溶液),按所给公式计算反应的抑制率(I%)。甲氧氯普胺的浓度在3.0×10-6~1.2×10-4mol·L-1范围内与所算得的抑制率呈线性关系。上述反应的检出限(3s/k)为2.8×10-8mol·L-1。浓度水平在4.0×10-5mol·L-1时,测得其相对标准偏差(n=11)为4.6%。根据以上方法,测定了药物针剂中甲氧氯普胺含量,测得结果与其标示值相符。     

紫外分光光度法测定富马酸二甲酯的含量

本文研究了用紫外分光光度法测定富马酸二甲酯含量的方法 ,探讨了测定过程中有关条件的变化对测定的影响 ,获得了测定的适宜条件 :波长 2 1 0± 2nm ;温度 1 9～ 2 5℃ ;无水乙醇为溶剂 ;测定体系的pH为7.2 5～ 8.2 5。DMF的含量与溶液的吸光度的关系为P =0 .0 933A +0 .0 4 1 6,经与色 -质谱分析结果对比表明本法具有较高的准确性     

乙基紫褪色分光光度法测定七叶皂苷钠

在pH 4.1的BR缓冲溶液中,乙基紫(EV)与七叶皂苷钠(SA)作用,形成离子缔合物,溶液颜色发生明显褪色.其最大褪色波长位于594 nm处,七叶皂苷钠的质量浓度与褪色强度呈正比,七叶皂苷钠的质量浓度在0.15～35.0μg/mL范围内遵守比尔定律,相关系数为R=0.9995,摩尔吸光系数为2.5×104L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限为45.8 ng/mL.该方法已用于片剂和尿样中七叶皂苷钠的测定.     

Rapid titrimetric and spectrophotometric assay methods for the determination of lamivudine in pharmaceuticals using iodate and two dyes

One titrimetric and two spectrophotometric methods, which are simple, sensitive and rapid, are described for the assay of lamivudine in bulk drug and in tablet dosage forms using potassium iodate and two dyes, methyl orange and indigocarmine, as reagents. In titrimetry, an aqueous solution of lamivudine is titrated directly with iodate in an acidic medium, and in the presence of an excess of bromide using methyl orange as an indicator. After the decoloration of the red color of methyl orange, the residual bromine is titrated iodometrically to a starch endpoint. Spectrophotometric methods involve the addition of a known excess of iodate in an acidic medium and in the presence of an excess of bromide followed by the determination of residual bromine by the reaction with a fixed amount of either methyl orange and measuring the absorbance at 520 nm (method A), or indigo carmine and measuring the absorbance at 610 nm (method B). In all methods, the amount of iodate which reacted corresponds to the amount of lamivudine content. The titrimetric method is applicable over the 1.5–8.0 mg range. The systems obey Beer’s law for 0.5–5.0 μg/mL (method A) and 1.25–12.5 μg/mL (method B). The calculated apparent molar absorptivity values are found to be 3.3 × 10⁴ and 9.3 × 10³ L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹, for method A and method B, respectively, and the corresponding Sandell sensitivity values are 6.94 and 24.62 ng/cm². The limits of detection and quantification are also reported for both spectrophotometric methods. Intra-and interday precision and accuracy for the developed methods have been evaluated. The methods were successfully applied to the assay of lamivudine in tablet form and the results were compared with those of a reference method by applying the Student’s t-test and F-test. No interference was observed from common tablet adjuvants. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further ascertained by recovery experiments using the standard addition technique. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

KClO3-甲基紫催化光度法测定痕量溴的研究

在稀H2SO4介质中,以抗坏血酸为活化剂,痕量溴可强烈催化KClO3氧化甲基紫的反应,研究了反应的最佳条件及动力学参数,建立了测定痕量溴的新方法.方法的线性范围为0.0012～0.18 μg/mL,检出限为8.92×10-10g/mL.方法可用于大米、小麦及海带样品中痕量溴的测定.     

Alternative spectrophotometric method for standardization of chlorite aqueous solutions

The chlorite ion is the principal by-product of the treatment of drinking water by chlorine dioxide. In function of the chlorite salt instability, standard solutions of this ion need standardization by iodometric titration, which is a reliable method although labor intensive and time consuming. An alternative method to standardization of aqueous chlorite solutions, based on its direct UV absorption measurement, was presented. Besides the maximum absorption (260 nm) generally used in other studies, the minimum (239 nm) and isosbestic (248 nm) wavelengths were proposed as supplementary points to chlorite quantification and their molar absorptivity coefficients were estimated (155.2 ± 0.6, 104.5 ± 1.0 and 69.0 ± 1.2 L cm⁻¹ mol⁻¹, respectively). The direct spectrophotometric determination of chlorite could be made selectively even in the presence of high concentration of major contaminants (chorine dioxide, chloride and chlorate), being a simple and rapid method, consuming very low volume of sample and generating low quantities of laboratory wastes.     

Four spectrophotometric methods for determination of nitrofurazone in pharmaceutical formulations

Four simple and sensitive visible spectrophotometric methods (A-D) for the determination of nitrofurazone in bulk samples and pharmaceutical formulations are described. They are based on the formation of colored species by treating either its reduction product with 3-methylbenzothiazolin-2-one hydrazone in the presence of ferric chloride (method A: _max 600 nm) or its hydrolysis product with thiobarbituric acid (method B: _max 520 nm, 440 nm) or barbituric acid (method C: _max 400 nm) or by oxidizing it with excess N-bromosuccinimide and determining the consumed NBS using metol-isonicotinic acid hydrazide (method D: _max 620 nm).     

KBrO3氧化甲基紫褪色动力学光度法测定食品中痕量钒

基于0.004 mol/L的柠檬酸介质中,痕量V(Ⅴ)催化KBrO3氧化甲基紫的褪色反应,建立了测定痕量V(Ⅴ)的动力学光度法。方法的检出限为1.23μg/L,线性范围为0～0.16μg/mL。讨论了酸度、反应物浓度、温度、反应时间、干扰离子等因素的影响,确定了该体系反应的最佳条件。在25 mL溶液中,测定2.0μg V(Ⅴ)的RSD为1.9%(n=11)。方法可用于测定小麦和苹果中的痕量V(Ⅴ),RSD为1.1%～2.7%,标准加入回收率为97.6%～99.0%。     

原子吸收及紫外分光光度法再现性与浓度的一个新型关系式

本文提出了紫外及原子吸收分光光度法中再现性与浓度的一个新型关系式。以实验和文献数据对该式进行了验证,结果表明,该式对实验数据的拟合明显优于文献的关系式,并对该式各参数的意义进行了探讨。     

Indirect spectrophotometric determination of cyanide

A spectrophotometric method for cyanide based on its inhibition of the colour formation reaction between nickel(II) and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolylazo)-2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid has been developed, and allows the determination of down to 0.1 g of cyanide. Most of the interferences can be avoided by displacement of the hydrogen cyanide using an arsine generator.     

Comparison of methods for the spectrophotometric determination of phenols in automobile exhaust fumes

Summary The piperonal chloride reaction has been used for the quantitative determination of phenols in raw automobile exhaust fumes. This method is compared with five other methods found suitable for this purpose, and accuracy, sensitivity, and simplicity of the procedures are evaluated. Recommendations are made for the selection of methods.

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Zusammenfassung Die quantitative Bestimmung von Phenolen in rohen Automobilauspuffgasen wurde unter Benutzung der Reaktion mit Piperonalchlorid ausgeführt. Diese Methode wurde mit fünf anderen für diesen Zweck geeignet erscheinenden Verfahren hinsichtlich Genauigkeit, Empfindlichkeit und Handlichkeit verglichen, woraus sich Vorschläge für die Wahl der jeweils geeignetsten Methode ergeben.

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Résumé On a utilisé la réaction au chlorure de pipéronal pour doser les phénols dans les fumées d'échappement brutes des automobiles. On compare cette méthode avec cinq autres que l'on estime satisfaisantes et l'on évalue la précision, la sensibilité et la simplicité des procédés. On donne des recommandations pour la sélection des méthodes.

     

Solid-phase UV spectrophotometric method for determination of ciprofloxacin

A simple and inexpensive method for the determination of ciprofloxacin has been developed using solid-phase spectrophotometry. The intrinsic absorbance of ciprofloxacin fixed on a dextran-type cation-exchange resin, Sephadex SP C-25, was measured directly at 277 and 380 nm after packing the gel beads in a 1-mm cell. Using a sample volume of 10 ml, the calibration graph was linear over the range 0.05-0.3 μg ml⁻¹ with a R.S.D. of 1.11% (n=8). The sensitivity obtained is 40 times higher than that of the corresponding solution method. The method was applied to the determination of ciprofloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations and was validated by standard addition.