Recursive polynomial curve schemes and computer-aided geometric design

A class of polynomial curve schemes is introduced that may have widespread application to CAGD (computer-aided geometric design), and which contains many well-known curve schemes, including Bézier curves, Lagrange polynomials, B-spline curve (segments), and Catmull-Rom spline (segments). The curves in this class can be characterized by a simple recursion formula. They are also shown to have many properties desirable for CAGD; in particular they are affine invariant, have the convex hull property, and possess a recursive evaluation algorithm. Further, these curves have shape parameters which may be used as a design tool for introducing such geometric effects as tautness, bias, or interpolation. The link between probability theory and this class of curves is also discussed.Communicated by Klaus Höllig.     

Integrable evolution systems of geometric type

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics - We present necessary conditions for the integrability of multicomponent third-order evolution systems of geometric type. For the considered examples, the...     

Stability and geometric properties of constant weighted mean curvature hypersurfaces in gradient Ricci solitons

In this paper, we study stability properties of hypersurfaces with constant weighted mean curvature (CWMC) in gradient Ricci solitons. The CWMC hypersurfaces generalize the f-minimal hypersurfaces and appear naturally in the isoperimetric problems in smooth metric measure spaces. We obtain a result about the relationship between the properness and extrinsic volume growth under the assumption of a limitation for the weighted mean curvature of the immersion. Moreover, we estimate Morse index for CWMC hypersurfaces in terms of the dimension of the space of parallel vector fields restricted to hypersurface.     

An elementary geometric nonstandard proof of the Jordan curve theorem

We give an elementary proof, using nonstandard analysis, of the Jordan curve theorem. We also give a nonstandard generalization of the theorem. The proof is purely geometrical in character, without any use of topological concepts and is based on a discrete finite form of the Jordan theorem, whose proof is purely combinatorial.Some familiarity with nonstandard analysis is assumed. The rest of the paper is self-contained except for the proof a discrete standard form of the Jordan theorem. The proof is based on hyperfinite approximations to regions on the plane.Research of the first author partially supported by FONDECYT Grant # 91-1208 and of the second author, by FONDECYT Grant # 90-0647.     

Quantum solitons and the Haldane phase in antiferromagnetic spin chains

A survey is given of the relevance of solitons for the present understanding of antiferromagnetic quantum spin chains. For the -chain the basic elementary excitations are solitons. Two solitons combine to form a magnon and its internal degree of freedom is observed as an excitation continuum. For S = 1 chains the existence of the massive Haldane phase is related to the dissociation of soliton pairs (pairs of domain walls with respect to antiferromagnetic order). Based on the hidden (or string) order, the appropriate mean field theory for antiferromagnetic S = 1 chains is introduced as based on uncorrelated solitons and applied to calculate correlation functions. It is described how to include correlations between solitons using an approximate mapping to an effective chain. The basic elementary excitations in the Haldane phase are identified as solitons with respect to the hidden order.     

Poisson structures for geometric curve flows in semi-simple homogeneous spaces

We apply the equivariant method of moving frames to investigate the existence of Poisson structures for geometric curve flows in semi-simple homogeneous spaces. We derive explicit compatibility conditions that ensure that a geometric flow induces a Hamiltonian evolution of the associated differential invariants. Our results are illustrated by several examples of geometric interest.     

Accretive growth kinematics via null evolution curve

It is known that the kinematics on the Lorentzian surfaces changes according to the casual characters of the vector fields. Suspicions, the character of the generator curve affects the surface growth. Therefore, we determine the model of the growth function in the three-dimensional Minkowski spacetime with a null generating curve. Moreover, the proposed method is illustrated with various examples.     

Geometric equivalence,geometric similarity,and geometric compatibility of algebras

Most attention is focused on conditions laid on the algebras from a given variety, which provide the coincidence of their algebraic geometries. The notions mentioned in the title of the paper play a leading part. Bibliography: 26 titles. __________ Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 330, 2006, pp. 201–222.     

Projectors in nonlinear evolution problem: Acoustic solitons of bubbly liquid

The method of one-dimensional disturbances splitting into components of rightward propagating, leftward propagating, and stationary components by projection technique is applied to compressible liquid with bubbles. By such projecting, the fundamental system of equations is transformed to three nonlinear equations of the interacting components. A small parameter is introduced which determines input of nonlinear and dispersive terms. The system is reduced to one of a Korteweg-de Vries type. It is shown that these three-mode evolution equations are approximately reduced to intergrable KdV-MKdV equation on a class of initial conditions specified by projecting, soliton solution is presented.     

A method to convexify functions via curve evolution

This paper is devoted to a new method which allows to compute the convex envelope of a given function, by an evolution equation and techniques of curve evolution. We study the problem in the context of viscosity solutions and we propose numerical algorithms, to convexify a function, in one and two dimensions. In the end, we validate the model by presenting various numerical results. Key words: convex envelope, curve evolution, viscosity solutions, nonlinear second order elliptic and parabolic PDE's, finite differences scheme.     

Plateaued functions,partial geometric difference sets,and partial geometric designs

Plateaued functions on finite fields have been studied in many papers in recent years. As a generalization of plateaued functions on finite fields, we introduce the notion of a plateaued function on a finite abelian group. We will give a characterization of a plateaued function in terms of an equation of the matrix associated to the function. Then we establish a one‐to‐one correspondence between the ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$‐valued plateaued functions and partial geometric difference sets (with specific parameters) in finite abelian groups. We will also discuss two general methods (extension and lifting) for the construction of new partial geometric difference sets from old ones in (abelian or nonabelian) finite groups, and construct many partial geometric difference sets and plateaued functions. A one‐to‐one correspondence between partial geometric difference sets (in arbitrary finite groups) and partial geometric designs will be proved.     

Numerical approximation of anisotropic geometric evolution equations in the plane

Harald Garcke Naturwissenchaftliche Fakultät I' Mathematik, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany Robert Nürnberg Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK Received on 13 April 2006. Revised on 20 February 2007. We present a variational formulation of fully anisotropic motionby surface diffusion and mean curvature flow, as well as relatedflows. The proposed scheme covers both the closed-curve caseand the case of curves that are connected via triple junctionpoints. On introducing a parametric finite-element approximation,we prove stability bounds and report on numerical experiments,including regularized crystalline mean curvature flow and regularizedcrystalline surface diffusion. The presented scheme has verygood properties with respect to the distribution of mesh pointsand, if applicable, area conservation.     

Loss of convexity and embeddedness for geometric evolution equations of higher order

We show that for a large class of geometric evolution equations of immersed surfaces in the Euclidean space, there are compact embedded surfaces that lose their embeddedness and compact strictly convex surfaces that lose their convexity under these evolution equations.     

Decomposition of Schramm–Loewner evolution along its curve

We show that, for $\kappa \in (0,8)$, the integral of the laws of two-sided radial SLE${}_{\kappa }$ curves through different interior points against a measure with SLE${}_{\kappa }$ Green’s function density is the law of a chordal SLE${}_{\kappa }$ curve, biased by the path’s natural length. We also show that, for $\kappa >0$, the integral of the laws of extended SLE${}_{\kappa }(?8)$ curves through different interior points against a measure with a closed formula density restricted in a bounded set is the law of a chordal SLE${}_{\kappa }$ curve, biased by the path’s capacity length restricted in that set. Another result is that, for $\kappa \in (4,8)$, if one integrates the laws of two-sided chordal SLE${}_{\kappa }$ curves through different force points on $\mathbb{R}$ against a measure with density on $\mathbb{R}$, then one also gets a law that is absolutely continuous w.r.t. that of a chordal SLE${}_{\kappa }$ curve. To obtain these results, we develop a framework to study stochastic processes with random lifetime, and improve the traditional Girsanov’s Theorem.     

A variational formulation of anisotropic geometric evolution equations in higher dimensions

We present a novel variational formulation of fully anisotropic motion by surface diffusion and mean curvature flow in , d ≥ 2. This new formulation leads to an unconditionally stable, fully discrete, parametric finite element approximation in the case d = 2 or 3. The resulting scheme has very good properties with respect to the distribution of mesh points and, if applicable, volume conservation. This is demonstrated by several numerical experiments for d = 3, including regularized crystalline mean curvature flow and regularized crystalline surface diffusion.     

Numerical analysis for a system coupling curve evolution attached orthogonally to a fixed boundary,to a reaction–diffusion equation on the curve

We consider a semidiscrete finite element approximation for a system consisting of the evolution of a planar curve evolving by forced curve shortening flow inside a given bounded domain , such that the curve meets the boundary orthogonally, and the forcing is a function of the solution of a reaction–diffusion equation that holds on the evolving curve. We prove optimal order error bounds for the resulting approximation and present numerical experiments.     

扩展的Bianchi恒等式及其在几何流演化方程中的应用

在初始版本的第一,二Bianchi恒等式的基础上,利用二阶或三阶协变导数引申出扩展的二阶协变和三阶协变Bianchi恒等式.这类二阶协变Bianchi恒等式在黎曼曲率张量沿着两类特殊的几何流-里奇(Ricci)流和双曲几何流的演化方程中有一定的应用.给出这方面的应用例子并加以阐述.