超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定食品中34种非法添加减肥类化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱测定食品(含保健食品)中34种减肥类非法添加化合物的方法。采用Waters CORTECS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm),以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液-含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源、正离子或负离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式检测。西布曲明等29种化合物在0.5~10μg/L范围内、氯噻嗪等5种化合物在2.5~50μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.99;西布曲明等29种化合物在5、10和20μg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为49.2%~136.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~15.0%(n=6),氯噻嗪等5种化合物在25、50和100μg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为51.5%~130.9%,RSD为0.8%~14.0%(n=6);西布曲明等29种化合物的检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,氯噻嗪等5种化合物的检出限为25μg/kg,定量限为50μg/kg。本方法已应用于实际样品的测定,共检出了12种化合物,有效打击了非法添加行为。     

铜质水嘴中铅含量与析出量的相关性探讨

试验探讨铜质水嘴中铅含量与析出量的关系。对一系列含铅标准铜片按照GB/T 17219–1998《生活饮用水输配水设备及防护材料的安全性评价标准》要求进行浸泡试验,使用原子吸收光谱法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测浸泡液中的铅含量,再利用20个已知铅含量的铜质水嘴样品进行析出量的检测和验证。得到铜质水嘴中铅含量与析出量的关系。试验结果表明:大部分内腔有电镀层的铜质水嘴,铅析出量小于5.0μg/L;内腔无电镀层的铜质水嘴中铅含量小于0.5%时,铅析出量小于5.0μg/L,符合GB/T 17219–1998标准要求。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定紫菜中扑草净的残留量

建立了固相萃取净化与气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定紫菜中扑草净除草剂残留量的检测方法。样品由乙腈溶剂提取浓缩后,活性炭和氨基柱双柱串联固相萃取净化,由气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定。方法定量限为2μg/kg,满足国外最低10μg/kg的限量要求;方法在10,40和100μg/kg 3个添加水平和不同人员操作条件下,回收率均稳定在90%~120%之间,RSD%≤7.1%。     

蛋品中苏丹红残留的液相色谱串联质谱测定法研究

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）测定了蛋品中苏丹红I、II、III、Ⅳ号染料的残留。制样后,装柱,应用基质固相分散技术,用氯仿、乙腈混合溶液（体积比为90：10）淋洗,浓缩定容后经ZORBAX SB-C18柱分离,采用电喷雾正离子,多反应监控（MRM）模式检测。外标曲线定量,苏丹红I、II、III、Ⅳ的线性范围分别为0.5～100ng/g,5.0～100ng/g,1.0～100ng/g和2.0～100ng/g,线性方程的相关系数都大于0.99,添加样品回收率在87.3～113％之间,相对标准偏差均小于9.1％。针对四种苏丹红染料,该方法的检测低限分别可达0.1μg/kg,2.0μg/kg,0.2μg/kg,0.4μg/kg,可以满足国内外蛋品中苏丹红监控要求。     

蛋品中苏丹红残留的液相色谱串联质谱测定法研究

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）测定了蛋品中苏丹红I、II、III、Ⅳ号染料的残留。制样后,装柱,应用基质固相分散技术,用氯仿、乙腈混合溶液（体积比为90：10）淋洗,浓缩定容后经ZORBAX SB-C18柱分离,采用电喷雾正离子,多反应监控（MRM）模式检测。外标曲线定量,苏丹红I、II、III、Ⅳ的线性范围分别为0.5～100ng/g,5.0～100ng/g,1.0～100ng/g和2.0～100ng/g,线性方程的相关系数都大于0.99,添加样品回收率在87.3～113％之间,相对标准偏差均小于9.1％。针对四种苏丹红染料,该方法的检测低限分别可达0.1μg/kg,2.0μg/kg,0.2μg/kg,0.4μg/kg,可以满足国内外蛋品中苏丹红监控要求。     

铅中毒的辅助诊断工具

在铅中毒的早期研究中 ,判定一个人是否发生铅中毒往往与临床症状相联系。在用其他方法或指标确定为铅中毒的病例中 ,发铅普遍升高。Kopito ( 1 976)发现 ,1 6例铅中毒儿童的发铅含量平均为 2 82 μg/g,而 41例对照儿童仅为 2 4μg/g。作者认为 ,发铅测定是筛选儿童是否铅中毒的最简单方法。Suzuki ( 1 95 8)测定了日本铅作业工人和健康人的发铅含量 ,发现蓄电池厂工人发铅平均为 2 1 7μg/g,人造丝制造厂工人为 1 68μg/g ,印刷厂男工为 1 0 0 μg/g,女工为 5 5 μg/g,均显著高于男、女性健康对照组 ,后者分别为 1 0 μg/g和 1 5 μg/g ,…     

石墨烯-管尖固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定贝类中3种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素

本实验以石墨烯为吸附剂,制作了石墨烯-管尖固相萃取装置,结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)技术,建立了一种同时测定贝类中3种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素的分析方法。样品采用90%的甲醇提取,正己烷去脂,乙酸乙酯反萃取,石墨烯-管尖固相萃取净化,Kinetex XB-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)分离,在电喷雾正离子模式下,以选择反应监测方式测定,外标法定量。结果表明,贝类中3种原多甲藻酸毒素在1.0～100μg/kg的范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,定量限(LOQ)均为1.0μg/kg;在1.0μg/kg、5.0μg/kg和50μg/kg 3个加标水平的添加下,回收率在78.5%～102%之间,相对标准偏差小于15%。该方法具有灵敏、简单、快速等特点,适用于贝类水产品中3种原多甲藻酸毒素的分析检测。     

微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收法测定药食两用中药材中的铅

建立测定药食两用中药材中铅含量的微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析方法。样品经微波消解后,以2%磷酸二氢铵为基体改进剂,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定药食两用中药材中的铅含量。在2~40μg/L范围内,铅的质量浓度与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r大于0.999,检出限为5μg/kg。加标回收率为94.0%~105.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5.0%(n=6)。该方法操作简便快速,准确度较高,基体干扰小,适合药食两用中药材中铅的检测。     

气相色谱高分辨质谱测定婴儿胎发中含氯持久性有机污染物

婴儿的胎发是评价婴儿在母体环境中污染物累积暴露水平的良好介质。含氯持久性有机污染物是人体中残留浓度最高的持久性有机污染物。本研究依次采用HCl酸化、正己烷/二氯甲烷混合溶液萃取、硅胶和氧化铝混合填充小柱净化,以及气相色谱高分辨质谱法检测了北京20个婴儿胎发中的16种典型含氯持久性有机污染物。结果表明,16种目标物的检出限可达到1.0~2.5μg/kg,替代物五氯硝基苯回收率大于67.6%,加标样品中目标物回收率范围为62.5%~92.3%。20个胎发样品中六氯苯、β-六六六和p,p’-滴滴伊检出率均为100%,γ-六六六、2,4,4’-三氯联苯和2,2’,5,5’-四氯联苯的检出率分别为85%,50%和40%。4种污染物总量的浓度分布范围分别为5.48~8.40μg/kg(六氯苯)、3.86~27.1μg/kg(六六六)、1.16~18.3μg/kg(滴滴涕)和2.20~22.1μg/kg(多氯联苯),平均浓度分别为6.91,6.10,5.53和3.44μg/kg。此方法和分析结果可用于胎儿体内16种含氯持续性有机污染物蓄积水平和母体内累计暴露水平的评价。     

加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取净化-气相色谱/质谱法测定土壤中的多环芳烃

建立了加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取净化-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定土壤中16种多环芳烃的方法。土壤样品经正己烷-丙酮提取,经无水Na₂SO₄脱水、氮吹浓缩后,弗罗里土小柱净化,采用气相色谱/质谱检测,内标法定量。结果表明:该方法在质量浓度0.4～10μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数(r²)大于0.9962,检出限为4.8～25μg/kg,定量限为19.2～100μg/kg;在0.05,0.15,0.40 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为55.4%～129.0%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～11%。采用该方法检测土壤样品,除苊烯、苊、芴3种多环芳烃未检出外,其他13种多环芳烃均有检出,其含量范围在6.6～86μg/kg。     

The determination of low lead levels in the bone of lead-depleted mice by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Low lead levels in the femurs of mice fed with a lead-depleted diet have been determined by use of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman-effect background correction. The method is based on the use of Mg(NO3)2/Pd as matrix modifier which enables significant reduction of the spectral interferences prevalent if chemical modifiers based on NH4H2PO4 with either Ca or Mg are used for samples rich in Ca3(PO4)2 matrix. The method was developed and validated by use of the NIST standard reference material 1486 bone. Bones were decomposed in a pressurized microwave-heated system using 70% nitric acid. Forty-three mice femurs, with a mass of 74.62 +/- 12.54 mg, were dissolved in concentrated nitric acid. The lead results found in SRM 1486 (1.25 +/- 0.15 microg g(-1), n = 9) were in good agreement with the certificate (1.335 +/- 0.014 microg g(-1)). Recoveries of 200 ng lead added to the SRM before or after digestion were 99.0 +/- 1.4% and 98.5 +/- 1.6%, respectively. The lead detection limit in bone samples is 0.06 microg g(-1) dry mass. This method is, therefore, suitable for the determination of very low lead levels (0.06-0.20 microg Pb kg(-1) bone) in the femurs of mice fed a diet with lead level of < 20 microg kg(-1).     

市场海产品铅含量分析以及小鼠对铅的吸收研究

用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP -MS）测量了深圳市市场上销售的花甲、生蚝、鲍鱼等16种海产品,分析了铅含量以及同位素比,其中响螺、青口贝、生蚝的铅质量分数最高,分别为（1．52±0．21）,（1．66±0．23）,（1．16±0．15）μg/g 干质量,超标,其它小于1．00μg/g 干质量,同位素比207 Pb/206 Pb 为0．76～0．89之间。将花甲,鲍鱼,生蚝,喂食昆明小白鼠（每组5只,质量35～38 g）,喂食前后（24 h）眼球取血0．030 mL 左右对比分析海鲜中铅进入血液的量,结果表明,生蚝喂食后铅有明显的上升,其中孕鼠生物有效性显著大于对照鼠。通过用水合醋酸铅加入鼠粮中喂食哺育期间母鼠,而被哺乳的新生小鼠血铅含量和母鼠喂食铅成正比,最后一组小鼠血液铅达到（1．95±0．35）μg/g,该组一直喂养2个月（8周）后小鼠个体体质量（15±4 g）与对照（26±5 g）相比显著小。实验表明高含量铅的海产品对孕妇以及哺乳期间母亲和婴儿更为危险。     

铅染毒家兔脂质过氧化水平和神经传导速度的变化及关系研究

为观察铅对脂质过氧化水平和神经传导速度(NCV)的影响,并探讨两者关系,1 6只家兔随机分为2组,每组8只,染铅组饮用0 1 %醋酸铅水,对照组予以去离子水,持续8周,测定了两组家兔股神经NCV及血浆和脑组织丙二醛(MDA)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T -SOD)水平,分析了MDA、T -SOD与NCV之间的关系。结果表明,染铅组NCV显著低于对照组(P <0 0 1 ) ,NCV与脑组织MDA之间存在相关关系(r=-0 5 2 1 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,但染铅组MDA、T -SOD与对照组比较未达到显著性差别(P >0 0 5 )。提示铅中毒能引起NCV减慢,这与脂质过氧化水平有关,脂质过氧化损伤可能是铅致中毒性周围神经病的机制之一。     

Observation of the lead carbonyls, PbnCO(n=1-4): reactions of lead atoms and small clusters with carbon monoxide in solid argon

Reactions of laser-ablated Pb atoms with CO molecules in solid argon lead to the formation of the lead carbonyls, PbnCO (n=1-4), using matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy. Absorption at 2027.7 cm(-1) is assigned to C-O stretching mode of the PbCO product, which appears and increases on annealing, disappears on broadband irradiation, and recovers on further annealing. Small lead cluster mono-carbonyls PbnCO (n=2-4) are also observed in the present infrared spectra. Based on the results of stepwise annealing and the comparison with theoretical predictions, the absorptions at 1915.5, 1923.8, and 2042.8 cm(-1) are assigned to Pb2CO, Pb3CO, and Pb4CO, respectively. Bridging CO is found in Pb2CO or Pb3CO, whereas terminal CO in Pb4CO. The density functional theory calculations have been performed on these molecules and small naked lead clusters. The good agreement between experimental and calculated vibrational frequencies, relative absorption intensities, and isotopic shifts provides strong support for the identifications of these lead mono-carbonyls PbnCO (n=1-4). Furthermore, energetic analysis for the possible reactions of lead atoms with CO molecules is also given.     

Reactions of lead cluster ions with acetone

Reactions of lead cluster cations and anions with acetone have been studied using a homemade reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Association with acetone to form Pb(k)(CH(3)COCH(3))(n)(+), high-energy pathway reactions forming Pb(k)CH(3)(+), and intraheterocluster reaction of Pb(k)(CH(3)COCH(3))(n+1)(+) to give Pb(k)CH(3)(CH(3)COCH(3))(n)(+) were the main reaction pathways for lead cluster cations with acetone. Decomposition of acetone by Pb(k)(-) to give Pb(k)C(m)(-) ions and their further association with acetone, Pb(k)C(m)(CH(3)COCH(3))(-), were the dominant reactions of lead cluster anions with acetone. Pb(7)(-), Pb(10)(-), and Pb(k)C(5)(-) were 'magic numbers' with special structural stabilityin Pb(k)(-) and Pb(k)C(m)(-), respectively. In addition, Pb(k)H(-), CH(2)COCH(3)(CH(3)COCH(3))(n)(-) and Pb(k)CH(2)COCH(3)(CH(3)COCH(3))(n)(-) were also observed in the reaction of lead cluster anions. Some reaction mechanisms are proposed for these reactions. To investigate the isotope effect for the reaction of lead cluster cations and anions with acetone and to verify the structural assignments of the observed ions, reactions of lead cluster cations and anions with deuterated acetone-d(6) were also performed.     

硒对铅诱发动物体内变化的效应

综述了实验动物体内硒和铅的相互作用。研究结果表明,硒有拮抗铅毒的作用。全文包括上部分：（１）硒对铅诱发动物生长变化的效应;（２）硒对铅诱发动物血和器官中变化的效应;（３）三对铅诱发组织脂质过氧化的效应;（４）硒对抗铅毒性的可能机理。     

Evaluation of the accuracy of the determination of lead isotope ratios in wine by ICP MS using quadrupole, multicollector magnetic sector and time-of-flight analyzers

Different mass analysers [(quadrupole (Q), time-of-flight (TOF) and multicollector (MC) sector-field (SF)] of ions produced in an inductively coupled plasma were evaluated for the determination of lead isotope ratios in wine samples. A population of 20 wines of different origin including two reference wines from the EC Standards, Measurement and Testing Programme with concentrations varying between 7-140 mug Pb l(-1) was investigated. Wines were analyzed directly by Q ICP MS and MC ICP MS. The poor sensitivity of the TOF instrument, further aggravated by matrix signal suppression, did not allow the acquisition of data for wine samples that contained less than 50 mug l(-1) in the direct sample introduction mode. The separation and preconcentration of lead were therefore required. The precision obtained for the (206)Pb/(207)Pb and (208)Pb/(206)Pb were similar and equal to 0.14-2.7% for Q ICP MS, 0.04-0.17% for TOF ICP MS and 0.01-0.12% for MC ICP MS. The precision for (206)Pb/(204)Pb was 0.44-5.29, 0.15-1.7, 0.08-1.6%, respectively. On the level of accuracy, the data from TOF ICP MS and MC ICP MS were in good agreement. The accuracy of Q ICP MS data was judged satisfactory in comparison with the other techniques but their poor precision was a significant obstacle on the way of using these data for the determination of the geographic origin of wine.     

应用多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海洋碳酸盐中稳定铅同位素组成

研究了多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP MS)测定铅同位素比值时,影响测试结果准确度和精密度的主要因素及其优化过程。在优化条件下,10 h内连续30次测定4 ng/mL NIST SRM 981同位素标准溶液铅同位素比值,获得208Pb/206Pb、207Pb/206Pb和206Pb/204Pb相对标准偏差(RSDs)分别为0.005%、0.004%和0.054%。长期监测208Pb/206Pb、207Pb/206Pb和206Pb/204Pb,标准偏差(2SDs)分别为0.000 06、0.000 05和0.006 7。采用NEPTUNE MC-ICP MS法测定了低铅海洋碳酸盐样品中稳定铅的同位素比值,并对南海橙黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)和库氏砗磲(Tridacna gigas)进行了分析,得到全流程空白为8～10 pg,重复样误差优于0.1%。经0.50 mol/L HNO3洗脱之后,得到海南珊瑚样品中208Pb/206Pb、207Pb/206Pb的比值分别为2.086 2±0.001 5、0.849 90±0.001 47(n=16);海南砗磲样品中208Pb/206Pb、207Pb/206Pb的比值分别为2.116 9±0.004 2、0.864 81±0.001 62(n=9)。进一步考察了南海海洋碳酸盐中204Pb的同位素比值。分析结果表明,南海海洋碳酸盐中稳定铅同位素比值与中国气溶胶、珠江三角洲大气沉降、黄土及南海海底玄武岩等具有很好的相关性。方法适用于复杂基体高钙低铅的海洋碳酸盐样品中铅同位素比值的分析。     

The determination of low lead levels in the bone of lead-depleted mice by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Low lead levels in the femurs of mice fed with a lead-depleted diet have been determined by use of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman-effect background correction. The method is based on the use of Mg(NO₃)₂/Pd as matrix modifier which enables significant reduction of the spectral interferences prevalent if chemical modifiers based on NH₄H₂PO₄ with either Ca or Mg are used for samples rich in Ca₃(PO₄)₂ matrix. The method was developed and validated by use of the NIST standard reference material 1486 bone. Bones were decomposed in a pressurized microwave-heated system using 70% nitric acid. Forty-three mice femurs, with a mass of 74.62 ± 12.54 mg, were dissolved in concentrated nitric acid. The lead results found in SRM 1486 (1.25 ± 0.15 μg g^–1, n = 9) were in good agreement with the certificate (1.335 ± 0.014 μg g^–1). Recoveries of 200 ng lead added to the SRM before or after digestion were 99.0 ± 1.4% and 98.5 ± 1.6%, respectively. The lead detection limit in bone samples is 0.06 μg g^–1 dry mass. This method is, therefore, suitable for the determination of very low lead levels (0.06–0.20 μg Pb kg^–1 bone) in the femurs of mice fed a diet with lead level of < 20μg kg^–1.     

Pb(m)-Phenyl (m = 1-5) complexes: an anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional study

The phenyl-lead metal complexes ([Pb(m)C6H5]-) produced from the reactions between benzene and lead clusters formed by laser ablation on a lead solid sample are studied by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and density functional theory (DFT). The adiabatic electron affinities (EAs) of [Pb(m)C6H5]- are obtained from PES at 308 nm, and the differences between the PES of [Pb(m)C6H5]- and the PES of Pbm- are discussed in detail. The results reveal that the phenyl group binds perpendicularly on lead clusters through the Pb-C sigma bond and the complexes have a closed shell structure. Calculations with DFT are carried out on the structural and electronic properties of [Pb(m)C6H5]-, and the adiabatic detachment energy for the optimized structures of anion are in agreement with the experimental PES results. The density of states (DOS) calculated is compared with experimental PES and is discussed. The most possible structures for each species are concluded, and the bonding between Pb and phenyl is analyzed, which also proves that the phenyl group binds perpendicularly on lead clusters through the Pb-C sigma bond.