质谱特征结合等效链长定性分析植物油中的脂肪酸

建立了质谱特征结合等效链长快速定性植物油中脂肪酸的方法。首先根据质谱特征判断脂肪酸的类型并鉴定出其中的饱和脂肪酸甲酯,然后利用它们的保留时间信息计算得到不饱和脂肪酸甲酯的等效链长值,与已建立的脂肪酸甲酯数据库对照实现不饱和脂肪酸甲酯的结构鉴定。用NaOH-甲醇对5种常见植物油(花生调和油、茶籽调和油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、大豆油)中的脂肪酸进行衍生和提取,采用DB-23石英毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm)分离脂肪酸甲酯的同系物和异构体,气相色谱质谱法(GC/MS)测定,结果表明,5种样品油中所含不饱和脂肪酸的组成和含量上均存在明显差异。本方法无需标准品即可快速定性检测脂肪酸同系物及异构体,适用于油脂、食品中脂肪酸的成分分析。     

食品中苏丹红1号的GC-MS/SIM快速分析方法研究

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)选择离子检测法(SIM),提出一种测定食品中苏丹红1号的新方法.色谱柱30 m×0.25 mm PR-SR石英毛细管柱,进样口温度280℃,柱温200℃,10 cC/min升至280℃;柱前压100kPa,载气He;EI离子源,选择m/z 77、115、143、248离子用于SIM检测,并根据这4个抽出离子的峰面积比进行确证.苏丹红1号的线性范围为0.01～10.0 mg/L,相对标准偏差小于6.1%,回收率85%～90%,检出限为0.001 mg/kg,每个样品分析时间为5 mm.本法与欧洲健康与消费者保护委员会发布的方法(HPLC法)相比灵敏度高两个数量级,分析时间缩短,用色谱保留时间、质谱同时定性,消除了食品中杂质的干扰,避免了只用色谱保留时间定性可能产生的假阳性,结果准确可靠,选择性和重复性好,适用于所有食品成品及原料的检验.     

全二维气相色谱第二维死时间的测定

建立了两种恒压模式下全二维气相色谱第二维死时间的测定方法。一种方法是利用不同压力下的相对保留时间差规律,计算非同步调制的全二维气相色谱第二维的保留时间,再利用正构烷烃同系物的保留规律线性拟合计算第二维的死时间;测定的第二维的死时间与温度的线性相关系数大于0.997。另一种方法是在已知化合物保留因子和温度关系的条件下,在一次程序升温中测定此化合物的3个以上不同流出温度条件下的表观保留时间,再根据该表观保留时间计算出死时间与温度的关系。实验结果表明,两种方法对死时间测定的偏差小于0.05 s。这两种方法适合于各种类型的全二维气相色谱,无论其调制方式是同步还是非同步。     

质谱识别新型合成苯环己哌啶类物质氟胺酮异构体

采用气相色谱质谱技术（GC-MS）和液相色谱高分辨质谱技术（LC-Q-Orbitrap/MS）对新精神活性物质2-氟胺酮、 3-氟胺酮以及4-氟胺酮的碎裂途径进行研究。GC-MS研究发现氟胺酮及其异构体易失去一分子甲胺和一分子乙基自由基,并经互变异构形成大共轭结构,易生成稳定的碎片离子m/z 164。但由于3-氟胺酮的F原子作用位点不重合,与F原子位于邻对位时相比较,稳定性下降,导致其生成的碎片离子m/z 164丰度相对低。LC-MS研究发现2-氟胺酮结构中的苯环上F原子容易与环己酮上的酮基形成分子内氢键,并且氟胺酮及其异构体经裂解失去一分子甲胺形成大共轭结构,促使氟胺酮及其异构体生成碎片离子m/z 191。由于F原子的位置不同,共轭体系的稳定性不同,使得2-氟胺酮及4-氟胺酮生成稳定的碎片离子m/z 191,而3-氟胺酮的碎片离子m/z 191进一步失去一分子水生成特征碎片离子m/z 173。上述特征碎裂方式可用于2-氟胺酮、 4-氟胺酮体与3-氟胺酮的质谱识别,也可为类似混合物中新精神活性物质异构体的快速分离鉴定提供技术支持。     

同系物季铵盐离子液体阳离子的离子交换色谱法分析

建立了离子交换色谱-直接电导检测法分离测定3种同系物季铵盐离子液体阳离子(四甲基铵、四乙基铵和四丙基铵阳离子)的方法。采用磺酸型阳离子交换色谱柱,以乙二胺-柠檬酸-乙腈为淋洗液,考察了淋洗液种类、浓度及色谱柱温度对3种阳离子保留的影响。并根据测定对象不同,调整乙二胺浓度及乙腈含量以改善分离效果。淋洗液中增加乙腈含量,可明显缩短四丙基铵阳离子的保留时间,并改善其色谱峰形。季铵阳离子同系物的保留符合碳数规律。优化的色谱条件为:流速1.0 mL/min,色谱柱温度40℃;以0.02 mmol/L乙二胺-0.12 mmol/L柠檬酸(pH 4.0)为淋洗液分离测定四甲基铵;以0.2 mmol/L乙二胺-0.4 mmol/L柠檬酸-1%乙腈(pH 4.0)为淋洗液分离测定四乙基铵和四丙基铵。所测阳离子的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.015,0.22,1.88 mg/L,相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于2.3%。将方法应用于表面活性剂和实验室合成的离子液体的分析,加标回收率为99%~104%。本方法简单、准确、可靠,具有良好的实用性。     

吡啶离子液体阳离子的离子色谱法分析

建立了离子色谱-直接电导检测法分离测定3种吡啶离子液体阳离子(N-乙基吡啶、N-丁基吡啶和N-己基吡啶阳离子)的方法.采用磺酸型阳离子交换色谱柱,以乙二胺-柠檬酸-乙腈为淋洗液,考察了淋洗液种类和浓度以及色谱柱温度对离子液体阳离子保留的影响.实验发现,吡啶阳离子的保留过程是放热过程,其同系物的保留符合碳数规律.优化的色...     

凝胶色谱在线净化-气相色谱-质谱联用快速测定土壤中六六六和滴滴涕残留

采用加速溶剂萃取(ASE)及凝胶色谱(GPC)在线净化,实现了土壤中六六六及滴滴涕的8种异构体或同系物残留量的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用快速测定。以二氯甲烷-丙酮(1+1)为溶剂,采用加速溶剂萃取土壤样品,萃取液经合并,蒸干后溶于10 mL丙酮中,通过GPC-GC-MS联用仪可实现净化后直接在线检测,检测模式为离子监测(SIM)模式,利用保留时间和特征离子进行定性,外标法定量。在此检测方法下,8种有机氯农药在0.02~0.4 mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.014 7~0.078 3μg.kg-1之间,加标回收率在101.4%~129.5%范围内。     

多肽植物激素系统素及相似多肽的质谱裂解机理和反相色谱保留规律研究

采用液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱(LC-QTOF-MS)联用技术,研究了系统素及其相似多肽的质谱裂解机理和色谱保留规律,探讨了它们的碰撞诱导解离规律.结果表明,系统素准分子离子一般带有2-5个电荷;在低碰撞能条件下,多肽母离子发生碰撞诱导解离,产生b型和Y型碎片离子;烟草系统素I最强母离子[M+3H]3+的最优碰撞能为...     

GC／MS检测信息的综合利用

从充分利用气相色谱／质谱（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）提供的信息来鉴定ＧＣ流出组分的目的出发，并以脂肪醇分析为例讨论了ＧＣ保留指数在ＭＳ谱图解析及ＭＳ鉴定结果的合理性检验方面的作用。总结了ＧＣ保留的同系物规律、极性规律、加和规律及异构物规律来指导ＭＳ谱图解析。提出了含氧化合物官能团相对于－ＣＨ２－质量数的保留指数附加贡献值辅助ＭＳ确定化合物的类别。同时采用了ＧＣ／ＭＳ中选择离子检测方法（ＳＩＭ）在分子离子峰受噪音干扰或太弱以至完全未观测到时来进一步佐证其相对分子质量。     

GC-MS/SIM法同时测定食品中的苏丹红Ⅰ~Ⅳ

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)选择离子检测法(SIM),建立了准确可靠、灵敏度高、快速简便的同时测定食品中苏丹红Ⅰ~Ⅳ的新方法。色谱柱为PR-SR石英毛细管柱(20m×0.25mm),进样口温度280℃,柱温200℃,以15℃/min升至280℃;柱前压130kPa,载气He;EI离子源,选择m/z77,105,115,143,176,247,248,261,352,380用于SIM检测,并按不同的采样时间分成4组,每组4个离子,分别对应于每种苏丹红进行定性分析确证;选择苏丹红Ⅰ~Ⅳ各自的分子离子峰m/z248,276,352,380作抽出离子图进行定量分析。苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ的线性范围为0.01~10.0mg/L,苏丹红Ⅲ、Ⅳ的线性范围为0.1~10.0mg/L;检出限苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ为1μg/kg,苏丹红Ⅲ为5μg/kg,苏丹红Ⅳ为10μg/kg;回收率86%~95%。本法与欧洲健康与消费者保护委员会的方法(HPLC法)相比灵敏度高1~2个数量级,分析时间缩短,用色谱保留时间、质谱同时定性,消除了食品中杂质的干扰,结果准确可靠,选择性和重复性好,适用于所有食品成品及原料的检验。     

Comparison of available analytical methods to measure trans-octadecenoic acid isomeric profile and content by gas-liquid chromatography in milk fat

Accurate quantification of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) could be achieved by infrared spectroscopy or by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Accurate quantification by GLC should be achieved using specific highly polar capillary columns such as 100 m CP-Sil 88 or equivalent. A pre-fractionation of cis and trans-fatty acids could be performed by silver-ion thin-layer chromatography (Ag-TLC), silver-ion solid-phase extraction (Ag-SPE), or by high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC). A pre-fractionation step allows accurate determination of the isomeric profile but it is not essential to achieve quantification of total trans-18:1 isomers nor to determine the level of vaccenic (trans-11 18:1) acid in dairy fat. TFA content could also be calculated in milk fat based on the TAG profile determined by GLC. In this paper, different GLC methods suitable to measure the total of trans-18:1 isomers, vaccenic acid and trans-18:1 acid isomeric distribution in milk fat were compared. Pre-separation of cis- and trans-18:1 isomers by Ag-TLC followed by GLC analysis under optimal conditions was selected as the reference method. Results obtained using alternative methods including pre-separation by HPLC followed by GLC analysis, direct quantification by GLC or calculation from the triacylglycerol (TAG) profile were compared to data acquired using the reference method. Results showed that accurate quantification of total trans-18:1 isomers and vaccenic acid could be achieved by direct quantification by GLC under optimal chromatographic conditions. This method represents a very good alternative to Ag-TLC followed by GLC analysis. On the other hand, we showed that pre-fractionation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by HPLC represents a good alternative to Ag-TLC, even if some minor isomers are not selectively purified using this procedure.     

Quantitative analysis of fatty-acid-based biofuels produced by wild-type and genetically engineered cyanobacteria by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Simple and rapid quantitative determination of fatty-acid-based biofuels is greatly important for the study of genetic engineering progress for biofuels production by microalgae. Ideal biofuels produced from biological systems should be chemically similar to petroleum, like fatty-acid-based molecules including free fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty acid ethyl esters, fatty alcohols and fatty alkanes. This study founded a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for simultaneous quantification of seven free fatty acids, nine fatty acid methyl esters, five fatty acid ethyl esters, five fatty alcohols and three fatty alkanes produced by wild-type Synechocystis PCC 6803 and its genetically engineered strain. Data obtained from GC-MS analyses were quantified using internal standard peak area comparisons. The linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and precision (RSD) of the method were evaluated. The results demonstrated that fatty-acid-based biofuels can be directly determined by GC-MS without derivation. Therefore, rapid and reliable quantitative analysis of fatty-acid-based biofuels produced by wild-type and genetically engineered cyanobacteria can be achieved using the GC-MS method founded in this work.     

Creating a fatty acid methyl ester database for lipid profiling in a single drop of human blood using high resolution capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

Capillary gas chromatography (CGC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) was optimized for the separation and detection of the fatty acids occurring in the lipid fraction of blood. A fingertip blood sample (ca. 50 microL) was transesterified into the methyl esters and analyzed on a 100 m x 0.25 mm ID column coated with a biscyanopropyl polysiloxane (HP-88) stationary phase. The method was retention time locked. Programmed temperature vaporization injection (PTV) in the solvent venting mode was applied to minimize the sample size, while maintaining high sensitivity. The total analysis time was ca. 60 min. Retention times and both electron impact (EI) and positive chemical ionization (PCI) mass spectrometry were combined to elucidate the fatty acids according to alkyl chain, degree of unsaturation and position of the double bonds. Using extracted ion chromatograms about 100 fatty acids and related compounds were detected in blood samples and most of them were identified. This work resulted in a very large fatty acid methyl esters database, containing retention time and mass spectral information that will be applied to metabolomic studies.     

Analysis of conjugated linoleic acids as 9-anthrylmethyl esters by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A simple and highly sensitive method for determining the fatty acid composition of food lipids containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is described. The method is based on the separation of the 9-anthrylmethyl ester derivatives of saturated and unsaturated (conjugated and non-conjugated) fatty acids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Just like the other fatty acids, CLA reacts readily with 9-anthryldiazomethane at room temperature to produce 9-anthrylmethyl esters without isomerization and decomposition of the conjugated double bonds. Clear resolution of the individual fatty acids as their 9-anthrylmethyl esters is achieved on a highly efficient octadecylsilylated silica column (150- x 3-mm i.d., 3-microm particle size) using a stepwise gradient elution with methanol-water. The method is standardized with commercially available CLA isomers (cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12-octadecadienoic acids, and their cis,cis and trans,trans isomers) and applied for determination of the fatty acid compositions of milk and sdairy products.     

Structural characterization of 5,6-dichlorotetradecanoic acid, an isolated metabolite of 9,10-dichlorooctadecanoic acid, by studying picolinyl esters, pyrrolidides and methyl esters with electron ionization mass spectrometry

A method is presented for identification of positional isomers of dichlorinated fatty acids, based on derivatization to picolinyl esters prior to gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis in the electron ionization mode. The mass spectra of the picolinyl esters showed structure-specific fragmentation patterns. By using the picolinyl ester, 5,6-dichlorotetradecanoic acid was identified as a metabolite from a cell-culture medium obtained by culturing human cell lines in media supplemented with threo-9,10-dichlorooctadecanoic acid. This indicates that dichlorinated fatty acids are degraded by beta-oxidation. It is also possible to locate tentatively the position of chlorine atoms in 5,6-dichlorotetradecanoic acid as its methyl ester or pyrrolidide.     

Identification of fatty acids in gas chromatography by application of different temperature and pressure programs on a single capillary column

A method for the identification of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) based on the analysis of shifts in equivalent chain lengths (ECL) is described. The method is based on two-dimensional retention data achieved on one capillary column. Various temperature and pressure programs are applied on the same cyanopropyl column and the shifts in the ECL values are analysed by multivariate methods. The chain length, number of double bonds, and the double bond positions can be determined with high accuracy. The same procedure is suitable for determination of the number of trans and cis double bonds in trans fatty acids, and for detection of artefacts in fatty acid methyl ester chromatograms.     

Isolation of chlorinated fatty acid methyl esters derived from cell-culture medium and from fish lipids by using an aminopropyl solid-phase extraction column

An aminopropyl-based solid-phase extraction technique was used for isolation of chlorinated fatty acids in lipids. A range of different chlorinated fatty acids was eluted in a small volume of solvent (4 ml) and the recoveries of the different species and isomers were quantitative. Only 1% of the vastly dominating unchlorinated fatty acid methyl esters were recovered in the fractions containing the chlorinated fatty acid methyl esters. This method makes it possible to isolate and detect > or = 1 microg of a chlorinated fatty acid methyl ester in 1 g of lipid.     

In-house validation of an improved sample extraction and clean-up method for GC determination of isomers of nervonic acid in meat products

An improved extraction and clean-up method for determination of brain-specific fatty acids, in particular lignoceric acid (C24:0) and the cis/ trans isomers of nervonic acid (15 c-t C24:1), in meat products has been developed. The method is based on isolation of the polar lipids of interest from the bulk lipids by solid-phase extraction. The fatty acids, derivatised to their fatty acid methyl esters, are quantified by GC in a DB5 column. Fresh meat samples were extracted by using a mixture of n-butanol:hexane (1:9) as solvent. The extract was loaded in a silica gel cartridge column previously equilibrated with hexane. The first fraction containing the major part of the fat was eluted with hexane while acetone and methanol allowed the elution of fatty acids bound to polar moieties such as nervonic and lignoceric acids. This second fraction containing the analyte was methylated and injected into the GC for quantification after addition octacosane (C(28)) as internal standard.     

Optimization of the selectivity of a cyanopropyl stationary phase for the gas chromatographic analysis of trans fatty acids

The quantification of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated trans fatty acids in partially hydrogenated fats by gas-liquid chromatography on a CP-Select CB-FAME capillary column was optimized using equivalent chain length values of fatty acids methyl esters that could coelute in the temperature range from 155 to 200 degrees C. The most appropriate temperature for the simultaneous determination of these trans isomers is around 197 degrees C. It is proposed a system to discriminate trans from cis octadecenoic fatty acid methyl esters based on the angular coefficient values of the equivalent chain length curves. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.28 and 0.93 mg g(-1). Quantification was performed in the range from 0.93 to 280 mg g(-1). Quantification accuracy was estimated by spike recovery of elaidic and trans-13-octadecenoic acids in hydrogenated fat samples. The obtained levels were from 97.60 to 103.28% for elaidic acid and from 98.12 to 99.27% for trans-13-octadecenoic acid. These results indicate that the accuracy of the methodology proposed for the quantification of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated trans fatty acids in hydrogenated fats is adequate.