1^H、7^Li、23^Na、133^Cs NMR研究含氮大环醚双内酯和大环胺双内酰胺的配合性能

本文报道1^H、7^Li、23^Na、133^Cs NMR测定N, N'-二羧甲基大环醚双内酯(1-4)和大环胺双内酰胺(5), N-对甲苯磺酰基大环醚双内酯(6, 7), 4'-丹磺酰氨基苯并-18-冠-6(8)与Li^+、Na^+、K^+、Cs^+、Cd^2+和Pb^2+金属离子的配位作用, 并以非线性最小二乘法拟合计算了配合物的形成常数; 同时, 发展了一种用133^Cs NMR测量冠醚和碘离子竞争配合Cs^+的配合物形成常数的新技术。     

稀土(Ⅲ)-冠醚配位作用的热力学性质Ⅱ:臂式15-冠-5和臂式18-冠-6与稀土(Ⅲ)硝酸盐在无水乙腈溶液中配位的量热滴定

本文用量热滴定研究了N-苄基-单氮杂-15-冠-5与稀土(Ⅲ)硝酸盐(La,Ce,Pa,Nd,Sm,En,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Yb)和N-苄基-单氮杂-18-冠-6与稀土(Ⅲ)硝酸盐(La和Ce)在无水乙腈溶液中,298.15K时配位作用的热力学性质、化学计量法表明,所有稀土硝酸盐均与臂式冠醚形成1:1配合物.实验中,由联接的计算机直接算出了配合物 的稳定常数和配位反应的热焓,进而算出了配位自由能和配位熵.从热力学的观点,讨论了冠醚环的尺寸效应、空间构型等对配位稳定性的影响.     

Synthesis and multitopic complex formation of a photochromic bis(crown ether) based on benzobis(thiazole)

2,7-Bis[2-(6,7,9,10,12,13,15,16-octahydro-5,8,11,14,17-pentaoxabenzocyclopentadecen-2-yl)vinyl]-benzo[1,2-d;3,4-d']bisthiazole, 2, with crown ether styryl moieties substituted on a heterocyclic core, was synthesized and its complex forming ability with several metal cations was evaluated in acetonitrile by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results are compared to those for the analogous ligand possessing a single crown ether styryl moiety. Selective binding of the metal cation at the heterocyclic core of both ligands was observed only for Hg2+. Alkali and alkaline earth cations bind selectively at the crown ether moieties. Stability constants and pure spectra of defined stoichiometry were determined with the use of HYPERQUAD, a least-squares fitting program, and the results were validated in one case by subjecting the titration spectral matrix to singular value decomposition with self-modeling (SVD-SM). The multitopic ligand 2 forms relatively strong 2:2 stoichiometric complexes with K+, among the alkali metal cations, and Ba2+, among the alkaline earth metal cations, and is a promising selective optical sensor for these ions.     

冠醚配合物的热力学性质的研究 III. 碱金属离子与18C6甲基衍生物配位反应的电导研究

The coordination reaction of Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+ with benzo- 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6 and the newly synthesized cyclic polyethers 2, 3-benzo-8, 15-dimethyl-18-crown-6, 2, 3-benzo-8, 11, 15-trimethyl-18-crown-6 in methanol at 25`C has been studied by conductometric titration. The stability constants for the 1:1 coordination compounds were calculated. The marked selectivity of 18-crown-6 toward alkali metal ions was not found in its methyl derivatives. The induction effect of the benzene ring and methyl group on polyether ring reduced the stability of the coordination compounds. In methanol, the stability sequence of te compounds of alkali metal ions with 18-crown-6 was K+>Rb+>Cs+>Na+, that of its dimethyl derivative was K+>Rb+>Na+>Cs+ and that of its trimethyl derivative was K+>Na+>Rb+>Cs+, that is, the methyl substituent had a weaker influence on the stability of Na+ compound than on that of Rb+ or Cs+ compound. In the range of concentration studied, decrease in equivalent conductance is in agreement with the prediction on the basis of the structure of the complexes. The above results may give a clue for modifying the structure of a crown ether for specified selectivity.     

Microcomputer-controlled polarographic instrumentation and its use in the determination of stability constants of crown ether complexes

A computer-controlled polarographic system is described, based on a commercially available polarograph interfaced to a microcomputer. Experiments are controlled and monitored entirely from software, including automatic evaluation of the Tast polarograms and addition of solutions to the polarographic cell from a motor burette. The program was written in FORTH, a computer language especially apt for laboratory automation. The system is used in the determination of stability constants of crown ether complexes.     

Synthesis of 4′-Carboxy-benzo-30-crown-10 and a Thermodynamic Study of Its Complexes with Thallium and Alkali Cations in Acetonitrile Solution

A synthetic procedure has been developed for the preparation of 4-carboxy-benzo-30-crown-10. The formation of Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ and Tl+ complexes with the large crown ether was investigated conductometrically in acetonitrile solution at various temperatures. The formation constants of the resulting 1:1 complexes were determined from the molar conductance-mole ratio data. It was found that the stability of the complexes vary in the order Tl+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+ > Na+. The data obtained in this study support the existence of a wrap around structure for the above complexes in solution. The enthalpy and entropy of complexation reactions were determined from the temperature dependence of the formation constants. In all cases, the complexes were enthalpy stabilized but entropy destabilized. The resulting TS° vs. H°plot showed a fairly good linear correlation, indicating the existence of an entropy-enthalpy compensation in the large crown complexation reactions.     

冠醚配合物的研究XV．若干席夫碱及仲胺型双冠醚和碱金属离子的配位反应

本文运用微量电导滴定及计算机拟合技术，研究了若干席夫碱及仲胺型双冠醚和减金属离子的配位反应，测定了配合物的组成及稳定常数，并对实验结果进行了讨论．     

冠醚配合物的研究XV.若干席夫碱及仲胺型双冠醚和碱金属离子的配位反应

本文运用微量电导滴定及计算机拟合技术，研究了若干席夫碱及仲胺型双冠醚和碱金属离子的配位反应，测定了配合物的组成及稳定常数，并对实验结果进行了讨论。     

A new fluorescent calix crown ether: synthesis and complex formation with alkali metal ions

We synthesised a new N-benzylaza-21-crown-7 ether 5 with a dihydroxy coumarin as a fluorescence sensor and investigated the binding behaviour towards alkali metal cations in methanol by fluorescence titrations. The association constants are within one order of magnitude, with the exception of sodium. Potassium is the preferred binding partner (K(Na)=330 M(-1); K(K)=8600 M(-1); K(Rb)=8200 M(-1); K(Cs)=4400 M(-1)). The corresponding aza-21-crown-7 ether (6) was attached by a methylene unit to a resorcarene to give fluorescent calix crown ether 12. The binding abilities of the calix crown ether towards alkali metal ions in methanol have also been investigated, and an increasing complex stability, distinct for potassium and rubidium in comparison with 5, was found: K(Na)=440 M(-1); K(K)=110,000 M(-1); K(Rb)=63,000 M(-1); K(Cs)=20,000 M(-1). Like bis(crown ether)s, a cooperative complexation of the crown ether and the cavitand scaffold can be assumed. The proposed complex geometry is supported by Kohn-Sham DFT calculations for the potassium and caesium complexes.     

Evaluation of photoinduced changes in stability constants for metal-ion complexes of crowned spirobenzopyran derivatives by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

The photoinduced changes of metal-ion complexing ability of crowned spirobenzopyran derivatives were studied by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Stability constants for the complexation with various metal ions in methanol under visible-irradiation conditions were determined for the first time by ESI-MS. It was found that the stability constants of crowned bis(spirobenzopyran) derivatives with metal ions are decreased dramatically by visible irradiation due to the disappearance of powerful ionic interaction between phenolate anion(s) of the merocyanine form of their spirobenzopyran moiety and a metal ion bound to their crown ether moiety, and the decrease in the stability constants is more pronounced for the multivalent metal-ion complexes. A theoretical consideration was also made to attain reliable values of stability complexes for metal-ion complexes of crown compounds.     

Exploratory,Regression, and Neural Network Analysis of the Stability of Cation Coronates in Selected Pure Solvents

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Exploratory, regression, and neural network analysis of the stability constants of crown ether [12C4, 16C5, (CH3)216C5, DB21C7, DB24C8, DCH24C8, DB30C10] 1 :...     

Thermodynamics of Amino Acid Methyl Ester Hydrochlorides—Crown Ether Complexes in Methanol at 25°C

Stability constants, free energies, and enthalpies and entropies of the complexation of L-alanine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-Ala-HCl), L-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-Phe-HCl), and valine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-Val-HCl) with 15-crown-5 (15C5), benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5), 18-crown-6 (18C6), benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6), dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6), and dicyclohexano-24-crown-8 (DC24C8) in methanol are reported for 20°C. No significant variation in the stability constants and free energies of complexation is observed, indicating that the various crown ethers are poorly selective in binding the amino acids. However, the nature of the crown ether and the amino acid and their pattern of substitution cause a remarkable variation in the enthalpies and entropies of complexation. This indicates a strong enthalpy–entropy compensation effect. The enthalpy–entropy compensation effect for the crown ether complexes of the amino acid methyl ester hydrochlorides reported herein is compared with that of the crown ethers complexes of the amino alcohols and the free amino acid. It is found that the enthalpy–entropy compensation effect holds equally for the three classes of complexes.     

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Stoichiometry and Stability of Several Li+‐Crown Ether Complexes in Various Acetonitrile‐Nitrobenzene Mixtures

Lithium‐7 NMR spectrometry was used to study the complexation reaction between lithium ions and several 12‐, 15‐ and 18‐membered crown ethers in a number of binary acetonitrile‐nitrobenzene mixtures. Formation constants of the resulting 1:1 complexes in different solvent mixtures were determined by computer fitting of the chemical shift‐mole ratio data. There is an inverse relationship between the complex stability and the amount of acetonitrile in the mixed solvent. Among different sized crown ethers used, 15‐crowns were found to form the most stable Li⁺ complexes in the series. The influence of substitution on the macrocyclic rings on the stability of the resulting complexes is discussed.     

Potentiometric study of complexation of phenylaza-15-crown-5, 4-nitrobenzo-15-crown-5 and dibenzopyridino-18-crown-6 and other derivative of 18-crowns-6 with Na+ ion in methanol

The complexation reaction of phenylaza-15-crown-5, and 4-nitrobenzo-15-crown-5, benzo-15-crown-5 and dibenzopyrdino-18-crwon-6, dibenzo-18-crown-6,dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6(cis and trans), and 18-crown-6 with Na⁺ ion in methanol have been studied by potentiometric method. The Na⁺ ion-selective electrode has been used both as indicator and reference electrode. The stoichiometry and stability constants of complexes of these crown ethers with sodium ion were evaluated by MINIQUAD program. The major trend of stability of resulting complexes of these macrocycle with Na⁺ ion varied in the order DCY18C6 > DB18C6 > 18C6 > DBPY18C6 > phenylaza-15C5 > benzo-15C5 > 4-nitrobenzo-15C5. The obtained results in particular stability constant of complexes of DBPY18C6, phenylaza-15C5 and 4-nitrobenzo-15C5 with sodium ion in comparison with other crowns ether are novel, and interesting.     

两种臂式荧光氮杂冠醚化学传感器

合成了萘基臂式苯并氮杂15-冠-5 (3)和5-氯喹啉基臂式苯并氮杂15-冠-5 (4)两种荧光化学传感器, 由元素分析、NMR等进行了结构表征|在乙醇溶剂中采用紫外光谱和荧光光谱法分别研究了冠醚3和4对金属离子K^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Pb^2＋, Co^2＋, Ni^2＋, Mn^2＋, Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋, Cd^2＋和Hg^2＋的选择性传感性能. 结果表明, 冠醚3仅对Cu^2＋离子有显著的传感作用, 是一种典型的辐射能量转移过程. 冠醚4对Ni^2＋, Co^2＋, Cu^2＋和Mn^2＋离子有特殊的敏感性, 金属离子浓度逐渐增大使冠醚4产生先增强后猝灭的荧光现象, 荧光增强归因于阻断了从冠环氮原子到喹啉荧光体的弱光诱导电子转移(PET)过程, 而选择性猝灭源于冠醚环与喹啉基团对金属离子协同螯合的机制. 冠醚3和4的构性关系表明, 发光体基团对传感器的选择性能够产生重要的影响.     

Computerized conductometric determination of stability constants of complexes of crown ethers with alkali metal salts and with neutral molecules in polar solvents

A computerized conductometric procedure for the determination of stability constants of the complexes of crown ethers (15-crown-5, benzo-15-crown-5 and 12-crown-4) with alkali metal salts in polar solvents is described, based on a microcomputer-controlled titration system. For the control of the experiments from software, a modular computer program was written in FORTH computer language. The procedure is especially suitable for the study of 1:2 metal ion/ligand complexes, which occur frequently with the compounds used. For the study of the interaction between crown ethers and neutral molecules, an indirect procedure is outlined.     

Stoichiometry, complex stability, molecular size and conformational variations of metal ion crown ether complexes subject to diffusion coefficients in nonaqueous solutions

Both the stoichiometry and complex stability constants of crown ether complexes with metal ions have been determined by examining gradual changes in their diffusional behavior in nonaqueous solution. Diffusion coefficients, D, were evaluated by pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR titration experiments whilst complex stability constants were determined by nonlinear curve-fitting procedures, D versus c_sol., which also allow the treatment of multiple complexation equilibria (1:1 to 1:2 stoichiometries). Differences in the diffusion coefficients of the various free crown ethers with respect to their metal ion complexes indicate great sensitivity to both conformational changes and changes in molecular size upon complexation.     

Irving-Williams order in the framework of connectivity index ³χv enables simultaneous prediction of stability constants of bivalent transition metal complexes

Logarithms of stability constants, log K? and log β?, of the first transition series metal mono- and bis-complexes with any of four aliphatic amino acids (glycine, alanine, valine and leucine) decrease monotonously with third order valence connectivity index, 3χv, from Cu2+ to Mn2+. While stability of the complexes with the same metal is linearly dependent on 3χv, stability constants of Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, and Ni2+complexes with the same ligand show a quadratic dependence on 3χv. As Cu2+ complexes deviate significantly from quadratic functions, models for the simultaneous estimation of the stability constants, yielding r = 0.999 (S.E. = 0.05) and r = 0.998 (S.E. = 0.11), for log K? and log β?, respectively, were developed only for Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ complexes with amino acids.