茄呢基氮芥衍生物的合成及生理活性

茄呢基氮芥衍生物的合成及生理活性;氮芥;茄呢醇;合成;生理活性     

长链醇和胺修饰的芳香氮芥衍生物的合成及生理活性

为了研究不同取代基对苯甲酸氮芥抗肿瘤活性的影响,以对氨基苯甲酸为起始原料,设计合成了6个新化合物,目标产物结构经元素分析、1H NMR和MS等确证.采用MTT法对白血病细胞HL-60、白血病细胞K562和肝癌细胞SMMC-7721进行了体外的抗肿瘤活性筛选.活性测试结果表明这些长链醇和胺修饰苯甲酸氮芥后,目标产物的抗肿瘤活性未得到提高,均弱于参照药物美法伦.     

Synthesis and characterization of glycosylated nitrogen mustard derivatives and their interaction with bovine serum albumin

To improve the specificity of nitrogen mustards towards tumor cells, glucose-nitrogen mustard, fructose-nitrogen mustard, and lactose-nitrogen mustard were prepared as three novel glycosylated nitrogen mustard derivatives by esterification of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic chloride (BCC) with glucose, fructose, and lactose, respectively. BCC was synthesized from bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride and triphosgene. The topic products were characterized by infrared (IR) and mass spectrometry (MS), and their interaction with bovine serum albumin was investigated by measuring fluorescence spectra in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris–HCl) buffer solution at physiological conditions.     

Lethal Effect of Benzene Nitrogen Mustard Glucoside Derivate on K562 Cells

A new synthesized benzene nitrogen mustard was converted into glycosyl donor-trichloroacetimidate that was glycosylated with p-nitrophenol（glycosyl donors） to form β-lactosyl p-nitrobenzene under the protection of acetyl in a stereoselective manner, was prepared and evaluated for its cytotoxicity towards cultured K562 cell line. Methylthiazoy tetrazolium（MTT） assay, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, flow cytometry（FCM） and immunohistochemistry were utilized to explore the mechanisms of how the compound arrests the growth of HCT-T cells. This new synthesed benzene nitrogen mustard glucoside derivate（BNMGD） presented a lower toxicity to normal cells, but is significantly more toxic to K562 cells compared with nitrogen mustard, meanwhile it can induce the apoptosis of K562 cells. These results indicate that the new synthesized BNMGD can inhibit the growth of K562 cells and induce the apoptosis, and its cytotoxicity towards cultured K562 cell line is much more effective than that of nitrogen mustard.     

8-取代黄酮的合成及生理活性研究

设计合成了8-黄酮甲基氮芥和6种8-黄酮甲基多聚异戊二烯胺类化合物, 产物结构经¹H NMR, MS及元素分析确证. 合成的7个化合物与氮芥类抗肿瘤药物美法仑一起对白血病细胞(K562)、中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)、黑色素瘤细胞(B16)等3种肿瘤细胞进行了初步的体外生理活性测试. 结果表明, 对3种受测细胞, 8-黄酮甲基氮芥的体外活性均与美法仑接近; N,N-二(8-黄酮甲基)香叶基胺则表现出比美法仑更高的体外抗肿瘤活性.     

两类氮芥衍生物的合成及其生理活性研究

设计合成了3个苯胺氮芥和6个萘酰亚胺-氮芥衍生物,产物结构均经1H NMR,13C NMR,ESI-MS和元素分析确认.使用MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]法测试了9个化合物对HL-60,K562和SMMC-7721三种...     

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC POLYMER ⅩⅦ. THE SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF POLYPHOSPHATES CONTAINING BOTH NUCLEIC ACID BASE AND NITROGEN MUSTARD

Seven new polyphosphates containing both nucleic acid base and nitrogen mustard were preparedby reacting the monomers, i.e. 1,3-dihydroxyalkyl-5-fluorouracil(II_(a.,b, g)), 1,3-dihydroxyalkyluracil(II_(c,d)) and 1, 3-dihydroxyalkylthymine (II_(e,f)) with W, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphoramide dichlo-ride (I). The monomers and polymers were characterized by ~1H-NMR, IR spectra and elementalanalysis. All of the polymers obtained are soluble in water. The antitumor activity of some of thesepolymers were tested against Ehrlish Ascites in mice. The results showed that the polyphosphatescontaining both 5-fluorouracil and nitrogen mustard exhibit lower toxicity and higher antitumor ac-tivity. The inhibition ratio of the polymer (III_a) is 66%.     

毒气之王和糜烂性毒剂

糜烂性毒剂是一种以皮肤糜烂为主兼有全身中毒为特点的毒剂。文章介绍了芥子气、氮芥和路易氏气等糜烂性毒剂的发现历史、理化性质、中毒机理、救治方法;同时探讨了无害化转化的方法,包括利用芥子气和路易氏气转化成为太阳能电池的重要物质和利用糜烂性毒剂的中毒机理来研究治癌的化疗药物。     

A Convenient Synthesis of Novel Phosphoramide Mustard Analogues of 2-Arylquinolone

A series of novel phosphoramide mustard analogues of 2-arylquinolones are synthesized through a convenient and facile phosphorylated reaction, and their structures are elucidated by NMR, IR, and HR MS. The amino acid esters and phosphoryl nitrogen mustard are linked to 2-arylquinolone to improve their undesirable physicochemical and biological properties.     

O-取代苯基-O-(2-硬脂酰胺基)乙基-N,N-二(2-氯乙基)磷酰胺的合成和生物活性

N-脂肪酰基乙醇胺(NAE)作为植物体内的一种内源物质, 在调节植物生长方面起着重要作用. 为了弥补其分子结构中长的脂肪链所带来的溶解性能以及在植物体内传导性能的缺陷, 我们将N-硬脂酰乙醇胺(NAE18)引入氮芥磷酸酯中, 合成了一系列标题化合物. 在合成工作中发现: 在NAE18与氮芥芳基磷酰氯的反应过程中, 4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)起着关键性的催化作用. 在不加DMAP的相同实验条件下, 反应不能进行. 对所合成的标题化合物进行了植物生长调节和杀菌活性的测定, 初步生测结果表明: 经过结构修饰后, 大多数目标化合物的活性相对NAE18有所增强, 但有关生物活性仍有待进一步研究.     

Aromatic Nitrogen Mustard‐Based Prodrugs: Activity,Selectivity, and the Mechanism of DNA Cross‐Linking

Three novel H₂O₂‐activated aromatic nitrogen mustard prodrugs ( 6 – 8 ) are reported. These compounds contain a DNA alkylating agent connected to a H₂O₂‐responsive trigger by different electron‐withdrawing linkers so that they are inactive towards DNA but can be triggered by H₂O₂ to release active species. The activity and selectivity of these compounds towards DNA were investigated by measuring DNA interstrand cross‐link (ICL) formation in the presence or absence of H₂O₂. An electron‐withdrawing linker unit, such as a quaternary ammonia salt ( 6 ), a carboxyamide ( 7 ), and a carbonate group ( 8 ), is sufficient to deactivate the aromatic nitrogen mustard resulting in less than 1.5 % cross‐linking formation. However, H₂O₂ can restore the activity of the effectors by converting a withdrawing group to a donating group, therefore increasing the cross‐linking efficiency (>20 %). The stability and reaction sites of the ICL products were determined, which revealed that alkylation induced by 7 and 8 not only occurred at the purine sites but also at the pyrimidine site. For the first time, we isolated and characterized the monomer adducts formed between the canonical nucleosides and the aromatic nitrogen mustard ( 15 ) which supported that nitrogen mustards reacted with dG, dA, and dC. The activation mechanism was studied by NMR spectroscopic analysis. An in vitro cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that compound 7 with a carboxyamide linker dramatically inhibited the growth of various cancer cells with a GI₅₀ of less than 1 μM , whereas compound 6 with a charged linker did not show any obvious toxicity in all cell lines tested. These data indicated that a neutral carboxyamide linker is preferable for developing nitrogen mustard prodrugs. Our results showed that 7 is a potent anticancer prodrug that can serve as a model compound for further development. We believe these novel aromatic nitrogen mustards will inspire further and effective applications.     

新型氮芥和卤代烷基哌嗪芳香醛的合成

通过对Vilsmeier反应、烷基化反应和氯化反应的改进提出了以简单易得的苯胺和苯基哌嗪为原料制备氮芥和哌嗪芳香醛的方法. 采用该改进的方法合成了8个氮芥和哌嗪芳香醛, 其中7个为新化合物. 它们的结构均经质谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱和元素分析确证.     

Determination of nitrogen mustard hydrolysis products in rat urine samples using GC-MS

A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was developed, validated and demonstrated by measuring the levels of nitrogen mustard hydrolysis products in the urine collected from dosed rats. The recovery values for trimethylsilyl derivatives of EDEA and MDEA are between 82-95% and 88-112%, respectively. In vivo studies performed by using three different doses (0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg) of HN2 base of nitrogen mustard. MDEA concentrations were between 43.1-232.2 ng/mL. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) values are 2.5 ng/mL and 1.6 ng/mL for EDEA and MDEA, respectively, and the precision of the method in terms of RSD is between 5-8%.     

高分子药物研究——ⅩⅦ. 二羟烷基嘧啶与N,N’-双(2-氯乙基) 二氯磷酰胺缩聚物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究

本文通过七种二羟烷基嘧啶单体与N,N’一双(2-氯乙基)氯磷酰胺进行缩聚反应,制得了七种新的含核酸碱基或其类似物和氮芥的聚磷酸酯,用核磁、红外光谱及元素分析确定了单体和聚合物的结构。部分聚合物试验结果表明,既含氮芥又含5-氟尿嘧啶的聚合物具有较高的抗癌活性和较低的毒性,聚合物(Ⅲ_a)对小鼠艾氏腹水癌的抑制率可达66％。     

Novel Terpyridine Conjugated Nitrogen Mustard Derivatives: Synthesis,Spectral Properties,and Anticancer Activity

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - A series of 2,2′:6′,2′-terpyridine conjugated nitrogen mustard derivatives with structurally symmetrical character and rather small...     

具有抗肿瘤活性甾体氮芥类化合物的研究进展

本文按照甾体的甾核结构对甾体氮芥化合物进行分类,综述了近年来新合成的甾体氮芥类化合物及其衍生物的抗肿瘤活性及研究进展,并对此方面的发展趋势和应用前景作了展望。     

Design and Synthesis of Glycosylated Aromatic Nitrogen Mustard Derivatives

Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy(ADEPT) is a new strategy for the treatment of cancer that has arisen in recent twenty years, the main merits of which are that it can improve the selectivity of anticancer drugs and reduce the side effects in remote tissue. In the present study, two prodrugs-glycosylated aromatic nitrogen mustard derivatives were synthesized. Glucose and lactose were converted into glycosyl donors-trichloroacetimidate; the obtained glycosyl donors were glycosylated with p-nitrophenol(glycosyl donors) to form β-glucosyl p-nitrobenzene and β-lactosyl p-nitrobenzene that were protected by acetyl in a stereoselective manner; the two products were reduced by zinc dust and then treated with ethylene oxide, afforded two glycosylated nitrogen mustard derivatives that were protected by acetyl; the last step was to deacetylate and then afforded the two target compounds that could be used as prodrugs of ADEPT for further Anti-tumor research.     

Implications of enzymatic, acidic and thermal hydrolysis of DNA on the occurrence of cross-linked melphalan DNA adducts

Calf thymus DNA was treated with melphalan, a nitrogen mustard, and the formation of melphalan cross-linked DNA adducts was investigated. These cross-linked adducts could not be detected either in the enzymatically or in the thermally generated DNA hydrolysates. However, a search for DNA cross-linked adducts in the hydrolysates obtained under acidic conditions revealed the presence of different types of cross-links, mainly containing an adenine moiety. These results are very important because they show that the detection of cross-links is dependent on the hydrolytic procedure used and that these cross-linked adducts are formed under totally different reaction conditions from those in in vivo situations. This can explain the very low abundance or even the absence of cross-linked adducts in nitrogen mustard treated animals. The generally accepted theory that the anti-cancer activity of bifunctional mustards such as melphalan is due to cross-linking of DNA strands remains therefore from our point of view questionable.     

Some 2-fluoroethylamines derived from hydrocinnamic acid, phenylpyruvic acid and DL-phenylalanine

Fluorine-containing nitrogen mustards attached to hydrocinnamic acid, phenylpyruvic acid and -phenylalanine as carrier groups have been synthesized. The N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-(2′-fluoroethyl)amines are obtained by alkylation of the sodium salts of N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amines with 2-fluoroethyl p-toluenesulfonate or 2-bromofluorethane, removal of the benzyloxycarbonyl group, followed by hydroxyethylation and chlorination. The bis(2-fluoroethyl)amines are obtained by heating the bis(2-p-toluenesulfonyloxyethyl)amines with potassium fluoride in a suitable solvent. By these reactions, methyl m-aminohydrocinnamate was converted to the chlorofluoro mustard XIX and the bis-fluoro mustard XX. Starting with aniline, the above reactions, in conjunction with the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, afforded the benzaldehyde mustards VII and VIII. These are converted to the corresponding azlactones. A two-step hydrolysis of the azlactones afforded the chlorofluoro mustard IXA and the bisfluoro mustard IXB of phenylpyruvic acid. Reduction of the azlactone with zinc and acid, followed by hydrolysis, afforded the corresponding -phenylalanine mustards XIIIA and XIIIB.     

Quantum molecular study of sulfur mustard

The sulfur mustard, HD, a chemical warfare agent, has been studied by ab initio quantum molecular computations (HF /6-31G * and 6-31G ) on its various forms (neutral, ethylene sulfonium, and free carbonium ions). The geometries of these molecules have been completely optimized and the minimal energy conformations determined with their associated charge distributions. We discuss these results on electrostatic properties with respect to the mechanism of DNA alkylation by HD and compare them with our previous study of the nitrogen mustard mechlorethamine.