用等离子光谱仪同时检测GCr15中Si,Mn,P,Cr元素含量的方法

正公布号:CN105675588A公布日:2016.06.15申请人:中车资阳机车有限公司摘要:本发明属于化学分析方法,尤其涉及用等离子光谱仪同时检测GCr15中Si,Mn,P,Cr元素含量的方法。其特征:包括称样、溶样、定容,ICP测定和工作曲线的绘制等步骤。本发明通过用浓高氯酸和硝酸混合酸经低温分解溶样,在同一母液中采用等子体光谱仪同时测定GCr15中Si,Mn,P,     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铅锭中的硒

采用硝酸溶样,在不分离大量铅基体情况下,用聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)掩蔽基体,建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定铅锭中微量硒的简单、快速分析方法。研究了最佳溶样方法,探讨了PESA用量对测定结果的影响,优化了仪器的工作参数,考察了测定条件以及共存元素对测定结果的影响。实验表明,PESA可以有效地消除铅锭中基体元素Pb的干扰,铅锭中的共存离子Ca、Cu、Sb、Sn、Cr、Fe、Zn和Co不干扰Se的测定。Se的方法检出限为0.29ng/mL。该方法用于实际样品测量时结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.74%~3.08%(n=5)之间,加标回收率为95%~108%。     

X射线荧光光谱扩展基本参数法测定不锈钢中的多种成分

针对多种类不锈钢多元素成分解析问题,应用X射线荧光光谱分析软件UniQuant,采用扩展基本参数法对多元不锈钢、双相不锈钢进行光谱干扰校正和基体校正,重新设定和优化多元不锈钢基体元素的测试条件,计算背景因子、杂质因子、谱线灵敏度系数和光谱重叠系数,测定Si、Mn、S、P、Ni、Cr、Cu、Mo、V、Al、Ti、Nb、Co、Ta、Fe的相对标准偏差在0.04%~3.8%,Ca、Zr、W、As、Sb、Sn的相对标准偏差在5.4%~20.3%,未知样品检测值与认定值比对结果相当理想,Ni、Cr的平均偏差小于0.05%,可以用很少标准样品实现各类型不锈钢多元素成分准确检测,检测范围宽,适用性好。     

火花直读光谱法对铝合金中各元素含量测量结果的不确定度评定

分析了火花直读光谱法测定铝合金中Si、Fe、Cu、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cr、Ti元素含量测量结果的不确定度来源,对不确定度分量进行了评定与计算,Si、Fe、Cu、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cr、Ti测量结果的相对扩展不确定度分别为2. 9%、2. 5%、2. 6%、2. 7%、2. 6%、2. 6%、2. 5%、2. 7%(包含因子k均为2).     

前列舒通胶囊中26种无机元素的分析

目的：明确造成前列舒通胶囊不同批次间差异的标志性无机元素,并进行安全性评价。方法：采用ICP-MS测定制剂中Al、As、B、Ba、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se、Sn、Sr、Ti、Tl、V、Zn和Hg元素含量并进行数据分析。运用主成分及综合评分结合聚类分析手段,确定制剂的特征性元素;进行元素含量和相关性分析,明确不同批次各元素的差异及元素之间的关系;以多元素含量为指标,绘制无机元素谱图。结果：19批样品中均未检测出Se、Mo、Sn、Sb、Tl和Hg,且Pb、Cd、As、Cu、Hg均符合限量标准,无机元素含量谱图趋势一致。主成分分析提取了4个主成分,确定元素B、K、Al、V、Cr、Ca、Ti、Na、Co和Mn可作为特征元素。主成分得分图将19批样品分为两类,聚类分析及综合评分结果与其一致,两类样品中各元素含量存在差异性。相关性分析中,明确了B与K、Al、Cr正相关,K与Cr、Co正相关,V与Cr、Mn正相关,Mn与Co正相关,Ca、Ti、Na两两正相关。结论：通过分析前列舒通胶囊中无机元素含量,确定了特征元素,为前列舒通胶囊质量全面控制研究提供科学依据。     

ICP-OES法测定镍铬合金中Si，Mn，Fe，Ti，Al，Cu多种元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定镍铬合金中Si,Mn,Fe,Ti,Al,Cu元素含量的分析方法。确定了溶样方法和分析谱线,采用基体匹配消除干扰。对方法精密度和准确度进行实验,实验结果表明,各元素的相对标准偏差均小于3%,加标回收率在86.8%～106.9%,镍铬合金标准物质的各元素测定结果均与标准值一致。所建立的方法快速、准确,适用于镍铬合金中多元素同时测定。     

ICP-OES法测定镍铬合金中Si、Mn、Fe、Ti、Al、Cu

本文建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定镍铬合金中Si、Mn、Fe、Ti、Al、Cu元素含量的分析方法。确定了溶样方法和分析谱线,采用基体匹配消除干扰。对方法精密度和准确度进行实验,实验结果表明,各元素的相对标准偏差均小于3%,加标回收率在86.8%～106.9%之间,镍铬合金(GBW(E)020023)标准物质的各元素测定结果均与标准值一致。所建方法快速、准确,适用于镍铬合金中多元素同时测定。     

硅青铜光谱标准样品研制

经化学成分设计、原料精选、熔炼加工、均匀性检验等步骤,研制了硅青铜光谱标准样品。该硅青铜光谱标准样品以高纯铜为主原料,按杂质元素的性质,在选定的条件下分批加入Si、Ni、Zn等15种杂质元素制备而成。杂质元素的定值区间分别为:Zn 0.112%～4.29%,Pb 0.030%～0.264%,Sn 0.055%～0.611%,P 0.009 7%～0.107%,Mn0.066%～1.68%,Fe0.023%～2.02%,Ni0.116%～4.02%,Si0.147%～3.80%,Mg0.000 51%～0.007 2%,Cr0.009 8%～0.090%,As 0.001 4%～0.011%,Sb 0.001 6%～0.008 2%,Bi 0.000 74%～0.025%,Co 0.005 1%～0.051%,Al0.002 8%～0.082%。定值结果的扩展不确定度为0.000 04%～0.09%(k=2)。该标准样品成分设计合理,化学成分均匀,定值结果准确,涵盖范围广,可广泛用于硅青铜QSi0.6-2、QSi3-1、QSi1-3、QSi3.5-3-1.5等系列主、杂元素的分析检测,已被批准为国家级标准样品,标准编号为GSB 04-3755-2020。     

ICP-AES法同时测定配合饲料中的微量元素

采用ICP—AES法同时测定配合饲料中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Ca、Mg、P、Pb、Cr、Cd元素的含量。选择了合适的分析线、溶样酸及酸的用量，各元素测定结果的相对标准偏差为0．40％～6．52％，回收率为90．8％～104．5％。     

ICP-AES法测定枸橼酸铋制剂中的杂质元素

采用微波消解的方法溶样,用ICP-AES法同时测定了枸橼酸铋制剂中的Ca、Mg、Cr、Mn等杂质元素的含量,考察了微波消解的条件和基体元素Bi对被测元素分析谱线强度的影响。方法的检出限为0．6～16ng／mL,相对标准偏差为1．58％～6．64％,加标回收率为92％～104％。该方法简单、快速、准确,结果令人满意。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。