两种随机存贮管理模型的建立和求解

建立了仓库容量有限条件下单品种、多品种允许缺货的随机存贮模型.采用连续的时间变量更合理地描述了问题,简化了模型的建立.模型的求解是一个以分段的平均损失费用函数作为目标的带约束最优化问题.针对题目中的具体数据对随机量送货滞后时间的密度函数进行了估计,解出了单品种、多品种条件下最优订货点的值和存贮方案.通过分情况讨论把单品种存贮模型推广为多品种(m种)存贮模型,论证了目标函数的独立变量为2m-1个,使模型更加清晰、求解方便.类比控制论中的相关理论提出了一定条件下多品种存贮的最优性原理,给出了证明,指出该原理简化模型和验证模型求解结果的作用.讨论了销售速率具有随机性时的存贮模型,实际当中调整修正订货点的方法,以及仓库最大存贮量的一种预测办法.最后指出了模型的优缺点.     

On A Special Case of the Quadratic Assignment Problem with an Application to Storage-and-Retrieval Devices

In a storage-and-retrieval device, items are retrieved on demand from a storage bank by a picking mechanism. Many varieties of these robotic devices are in use in manufacturing, logistics and computer peripherals. In printed circuit board manufacturing, storage-and-retrieval is intertwined with component placement and product clustering. Under certain circumstances, the problem of assigning items by type to storage slots to minimize the expected retrieval time is a quadratic assignment problem. Although such models are very difficult to solve to optimality, an important special case considered here admits an easy solution, namely, the well known “organ pipe” arrangement of items.     

仓库容量有限条件下允许缺货的两类存贮模型

研究了仓库容量有限条件下允许缺货的两类存贮问题,建立了使用租借仓库时相应的存贮模型,给出了最优存贮策略.     

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With the advance of computer storage capacity and online observation technique, more and more data are collected with curves and images. The most two important feature of curve and image data are high-dimension and high correlation between adjacent data. Functional data analysis has more advantage in deal with these data, which can not be treated by traditional multivariate statistics methods. Recently, a variety of functional data methods have been developed, including curve alignment, principal component analysis, regression, classification and clustering. In this paper, we mainly introduce the origins,development and recent process of functional data. Specifically, we firstly introduce the notion of functional data. Secondly, functional principal component analysis has been presented. Then, this paper is devoted to introduce estimation, variable selection and hypothesis testing of functional regression models. Lastly, the paper concludes with a brief discussion of future directions.     

A network queuing approach for evaluation of performance measures in autonomous vehicle storage and retrieval systems

A network queuing approach is used to estimate performance measures for Autonomous Vehicle Storage and Retrieval (AVS/R) Systems using opportunistic interleaving. The model exploits the distribution of cycle types and random storage assumptions to estimate the proportion of single and dual command cycles in a system. Comparable in accuracy and computational efficiency to procedures based on standard queuing models, the proposed technique provides the additional advantage of flexibility for modeling the interfaces between a storage system and the overall material flow system in a facility. The procedure is demonstrated for a range of problem scenarios.     

Posibilidades de un modelo sustituto de incendios mediante el empleo de redes neuronales

In recent years there has been extensive development of the fire computer models, and its use in the study of the fire safety, fire investigation, etc. has been increased. The most important types of fire computer models are the field model and the zone model. The first model reaches a better approximation to fire dynamics, but the second one requires less computational time.Additionally, in the last years, it should be noted the great advances in information processing using artificial neural networks, and it has become a useful tool with application in very diverse fields.This paper analyzes the possibilities of develop a new fire computer model using artificial neural networks. In the first approach to this objective, a simple compartment was analyzed with a field model. After that, simulations employing General Regression Neural Network were performed. This method achieves similar results that the field model employing computational times closer to the zone models. The neural network has been trained with FDS field model and validating the resulting model with data from a full scale test. In later stages other phenomena and different types of networks will be evaluated.     

Students' attitude towards computer algebra systems (CAS) and their choice of using CAS in problem-solving

We explore students choice of using computer algebra systems (CAS) in problem-solving relative to their self-reported attitude towards learning mathematics with CAS. Our research design is a case study of nine Norwegian upper-secondary mathematics students with a wide range of attitude towards CAS. Our findings on routine problems indicate that (1) students use CAS whenever students perceive the problem as time-consuming regardless of their attitude towards CAS, and (2) students attitude affects their use of CAS whenever students perceive the problem as non-time-consuming. Norway, among other countries, has implemented CAS as an essential digital resource towards learning mathematics in upper-secondary school. Our discussion focuses on the implications of our findings have on local mathematics educators and national policy-makers.     

Travel time models for automated warehouses with aisle transferring storage and retrieval machine

This paper presents analytical travel time models for the computation of travel time for automated warehouses with the aisle transferring S/R machine (in continuation multi-aisle AS/RS). These models consider the operating characteristics of the storage and retrieval machine such as acceleration and deceleration and the maximum velocity. Assuming uniform distributed storage rack locations and pick aisles and using the probability theory, the expressions of the cumulative distribution functions with which the mean travel time is calculated, have been determined. The computational models enable the calculation of the mean travel time for the single and dual command cycles, from which the performance of multi-aisle AS/RS can be evaluated. A simulation model of multi-aisle AS/RS has been developed to compare the performances of the proposed analytical travel time models. The analyses show that regarding all examined types of multi-aisle AS/RS, the results of proposed analytical travel time models correlate with the results of simulation models of multi-aisle AS/RS.     

Models and people: An alternative view of the emergent properties of computational models

Computer models can help humans gain insight into the functioning of complex systems. Used for training, they can also help gain insight into the cognitive processes humans use to understand these systems. By influencing humans understanding (and consequent actions) computer models can thus generate an impact on both these actors and the very systems they are designed to simulate. When these systems also include humans, a number of self‐referential relations thus emerge which can lead to very complex dynamics. This is particularly true when we explicitly acknowledge and model the existence of multiple conflicting representations of reality among different individuals. Given the increasing availability of computational devices, the use of computer models to support individual and shared decision making could potentially have implications far wider than the ones often discussed within the Information and Communication Technologies community in terms of computational power and network communication. We discuss some theoretical implications and describe some initial numerical simulations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 202–213, 2016     

Computer performance modelling: an overview

An overview of the state-of-the-art in the performance modelling of computer systems is presented in this paper. The various forms of modelling procedures used in the past are reviewed with a greater emphasis given to new approaches which include queueing networks for mutliple-resource system analysis. Aspects of accuracy and computational efficiency of the algorithms involved are also discussed.     

仓库容量有限条件下的随机存贮管理2

讨论了仓库容量有限条件下的随机存贮管理优化问题,认为时间是连续分布的.对于存贮一种商品的问题,根据订货点和自己仓库容量的关系分两种情况讨论,得到平均损失费与订货点、到货时间之间的关系式,利用实测数据拟合出到货时间的概率密度,建立了以平均损失费用的数学期望为目标函数的最优化模型,并使用MATLAB数学软件进行求解,得到三种商品的最优订货点分别为41,37和36.经过分析得知仓库容量与销售速率的比例、单位商品的损失费均对确定订货点都有重要影响.对于存贮多种商品的问题,根据到货时间的取值范围与两个时间临界点(销售完租借仓库中某种商品的时间和销售完所有该种商品的时间)之间的位置关系,将每种商品分为六种情况,m种商品组合起来,就有6()种不同情况,在此基础上,以m种商品的总体平均损失费用的数学期望作为目标函数,建立问题的最优化模型.针对题目中给出的三种商品的情形进行求解,得到最优订货点L*=4.807.最后,对销售速率随机的情形建立模型并进行了讨论.     

Discrete storage processes and their Poisson flow and fluid flow approximations

Consider discrete storage processes that are modulated by environmental processes. Environmental processes cause interruptions in the input and/or output processes of the discrete storage processes. Due to the difficulties encountered in the exact analysis of such discrete storage systems, often Poisson flow and/or fluid flow models with the same modulating environmental processes are proposed as approximations for these systems. The analysis of Poisson flow and fluid flow models is much easier than that of the discrete storage processes. In this paper we give sufficient conditions under which the content of the discrete storage processes can be bounded by the Poisson flow and the fluid flow models. For example, we show that Poisson flow models and the fluid flow models developed by Kosten (and by Anick, Mitra and Sondhi) can be used to bound the performance of infinite (finite) source packetized voice/data communication systems. We also show that a Poisson flow model and the fluid flow model developed by Mitra can be used to bound the buffer content of a two stage automatic transfer line. The potential use of the bounding techniques presented in this paper, of course, transcends well beyond these examples.Supported in part by NSF grant DMS-9308149.     

Changes of Working Styles in a Computer Algebra Environment – The Case of Functions

This study is an empirical investigation of 11th graders at a German high school (Gymnasium). Working over a 24-hour period in a computer lab, we investigated students' use of quadratic functions with `Derive', and trigonometric functions with `Mathplus' (or `Theorist' for Macintosh). We were particularly interested in the working styles of students while they solved problems and looked for changes in these styles, as compared to traditional paper and pencil activities. While students worked on the computer, their activities (such as inputs from the keyboard, menu choices or mouse movements) were saved by a special program, which ran in the `background'. We are interested in the possibilities of developing a research method based on these `computer protocols'. The study should be seen as an exploratory study for developing hypotheses for further empirical investigations.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

经济订货批量公式的一个注解

本文讨论了不允许缺货和允许缺货存贮模型中经济订货批量公式,并建立了修正后的存贮模,给出了相应的经济订货批量公式。     

How to choose the simulation model for computer experiments: a local approach

In many scientific areas, non‐stochastic simulation models such as finite element simulations replace real experiments. A common approach is to fit a meta‐model, for example a Gaussian process model, a radial basis function interpolation, or a kernel interpolation, to computer experiments conducted with the simulation model. This article deals with situations where more than one simulation model is available for the same real experiment, with none being the best over all possible input combinations. From fitted models for a real experiment as well as for computer experiments using the different simulation models, a criterion is derived to identify the locally best one. Applying this criterion to a number of design points allows the design space to be split into areas where the individual simulation models are locally superior. An example from sheet metal forming is analyzed, where three different simulation models are available. In this application and many similar problems, the new approach provides valuable assistance with the choice of the simulation model to be used. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Automatic control problems for reaction-diffusion systems

A class of nonlinear reaction-diffusion systems is considered. We formulate some automatic control problems based on feedback devices located on the boundary. Two different types of devices are analyzed: relay switch and Preisach hysteresis operator. The resulting models lead to a nonlinear integrodifferential parabolic system with nonlinear and nonlocal boundary conditions. We prove global existence and uniqueness of solutions in both the cases considered.     

Development of a model for a two-station serial transfer line subject to machine and buffer failure

In modern automated production lines, it is common to connect pairs of machines with mechanical storage devices in order to provide buffering between processing stations. Since these devices are mechanical, they are prone to failure. Previous research concerning the analytical modeling of a class of production lines, the serial transfer line, assumes that these buffers are completely reliable. The concept of an unreliable buffer is introduced and an analytic model of a two machine line with an unreliable buffer is developed. It is proposed that this model will form the foundation for an analytic model of the more complex K > 2 machine serial transfer line with unreliable buffers.     

多供应商单配送中心的库存优化模型研究

针对有容量约束的多供应商单配送中心的库存问题,通过对影响物流运作成本各因素的分析,确定各变量之间的关系;并结合企业运作实际,首先构建了混合整数非线性规划的数学模型;进而对该模型进行优化分析,提出了最优解的解决方法;最后,运用算例对该模型做进一步的分析总结.     

Design models for unit load storage and retrieval systems using autonomous vehicle technology and resource conserving storage and dwell point policies

Computationally efficient design conceptualization models are proposed for automated unit load storage and retrieval systems based on autonomous vehicle technology. Vehicle and lift travel times and the probability distribution for 12 service scenarios occurring under realistic operating assumptions are formulated and used to generate expected transaction service times. Additional measures of system performance including transaction waiting time and vehicle utilization are formulated for systems using random storage and point-of-service-completion dwell point rules. The models provide a practical means of predicting key aspects of system performance based on five design variables that drive the majority of system costs. They are illustrated in the context of a conceptualization study adapted from an actual system installation.     

Network theory and transversal matroids

Various matroidal models for the solvability of active linear networks are described in a unified way and compared with one another. One of the conclusions is that different authors used the concept of “generality” in different ways and their methods are not equivalent. Another conclusion is that some of the seemingly equivalent data structures can be better for storing the models of the network devices in a computer. Finally, a hierarchy of network devices is introduced from this point of view. The classes of this hierarchy are proved to be characterized by transversal and fundamental transversal matroids.