轻丰中子核的壳模型计算

对9≤A≤14,3≤Z≤5的核进行了壳模型计算.以⁸He作为core,选用修正的表面δ相互作用(MSDI)作为残余相互作用,挑选了24个实验能谱数据,定出了MSDI的参数和单粒子能量,并计算了结合能、低激发谱、电磁性质等,得到与实验较符合的结果.并着重讨论了¹¹Be的宇称反转和halo结构的物理机理.计算程序为OXBASH.     

Probing Few-Body Correlations in Light, Neutron-Rich Nuclei

 The advent of secondary beams of very neutron-rich nuclei gives access to the investigation of correlations in the few-neutron system. Results of different experiments undertaken at GANIL with ⁶He, ¹¹Li, and ¹⁴Be beams are discussed. These nuclei exhibit a two-neutron halo, in which the correlations between the two neutrons provide the stability of the A-body system. A new technique aiming to explore the possible binding of systems of more than two neutrons will also be presented, together with very preliminary results that suggest the particle stability of ⁴ n. Received October 28, 2001; accepted for publication November 9, 2001     

丰中子奇A核145,147Ce的集体带结构

通过对²⁵²Cf自发裂变产生的瞬发γ谱的测量,对丰中子奇A核^145,147Ce的高自旋态进行了研究,首次识别了¹⁴⁵Ce的集体带结构,扩展了¹⁴⁷Ce的集体带结构,扩展了¹⁴⁷Ce的能级,并新识别了3个边带,粒子–转子模型的计算指出,^145,147Ce的晕带可能来自于νi_13/2轨道的耦合,¹⁴⁵Ce基态起源于(νh_9/2νf_7/2)组态混合,而¹⁴⁷Ce基态则起源于νh_9/2轨道.在这两个核中未观测到明显的八极形变带,然而,在¹⁴⁷Ce中观测到的一个边带,可能显露出八极关联的迹象.     

Study of Light Neutron-Rich Nuclei Using a Multilayer Semiconductor Setup

The characteristics of two modifications of the semiconductor (s.c.d.) setup consisting of telescopes on the basis of silicon detectors are presented. These settings allow performing a precision measurement of energy in a large dynamic range (from a few to hundreds of MeV) and particle identification in a wide range of masses. The issues of measurement of the characteristics of s.c.d. telescopes and their impact on the quality of the obtained experimental data are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the use of created semiconductor devices for the search for and spectroscopy of light exotic nuclei on the accelerators of PNPI (Gatchina) and LANL (Los Alamos).     

丰中子Ru奇A核能级结构的进一步研究

通过对重核2?52?Cf自发裂变产生的瞬发γ谱的高精度测量数据的分析,扩展了丰中子奇A核10?9,111Ru的高自旋态,对不同延迟符合矩阵的数据分析,得到了10?7,10?9,111,113Ru低激发态多个能级的寿命,发现10?9Ru核中的96?.4keV的能级为一寿命约为130?0ns的同质异能态.对10?9,111Ru转动带的转动惯量随转动频率变化的分析表明,在相邻偶偶核110?Ru中观测到的集体回弯现象确实起源于一对h11/?2?中子的角动量顺排.用粒子?转子模型对10?7,10?9,111,113Ru的集体带的部分能级及跃迁几率进行了计算,得到与实验较为满意的符合,指出在这几个核中的中子h11/?2?闯入带尼尔逊轨道的起源.     

Collective Band Structures in Neutron-Rich Odd-A 145,147Ce Nuclei

Through study of the prompt r-rays emitted in the spontaneous fission of ²⁵²Cf, high spin states of neutron-rich odd-A ^145,147Ce nuclei have been investigated. The levels in ¹⁴⁷Ce have been extended. A collective band in ¹⁴⁵Ce have been identified for the first time. The results from the particle rotor model calculations indicate that the yrast bands in ¹⁴⁵Ce and ¹⁴⁷Ce originate from vi_13/2 orbital coupling and the ground states of ¹⁴⁵Ce and ¹⁴⁷Ce originate from (vh_9/2,vf_7/2) and vh_9/2 configiration, respectively. No obvious octupole deformation was observed in these two isotopes, but a side band obtained in ¹⁴⁷Ce may show some octupole correlations.     

Intermediate Energy Coulomb Excitation of Neutron-Rich Nuclei

We reinvestigate the collective effects of the retardation as well as the bending on the Coulomb excitation cross sections and also on the B（E2） strengths of some neutron-rich isotopes using the intermediate energy Coulomb excitation theory. It is found that the B（E2） strengths extracted from the experimental Coulomb excitation cross section data get suppressed approximately by 6%. Furthermore, the obtained B（E2） strengths in the energy range 30-100 MeV/A are found to be in better agreement with the corresponding values known from other sources, than those obtained by using the recoil-corrected relativistic Coulomb excitation theory.     

Three-Body Forces and Neutron-Rich Exotic Nuclei

Physics of three-body forces in connection to exotic nuclei will be discussed. Three-nucleon forces (3NF), especially Fujita–Miyazawa 3NF, are shown to be the key for the solution to the long-standing problem of oxygen drip line, which deviates from basic trend towards the stability line. Three-body forces produce repulsive modifications to effective interaction between valence neutrons, and make the ground states less bound. The oxygen drip line is then located at the right place. The relation to the neutron matter is presented. Applications to Ca isotopes will be presented. The shell evolution due to the 3NF depicts the raising of single-particle energies and the widening of splitting among the orbits. This is in contrast to the so-called shell quenching. The 2⁺ levels are calculated for Ca isotopes, suggesting about the same sub-magic structure for N = 32 and 34.     

丰中子核145,147La的八极形变

通过对²⁵²Cf自发裂变产生的瞬发γ谱的实验研究,建立与扩展了丰中子核^145,147La的高自旋态能级图,最高自旋态达到(41/2⁺)与(43/2^－).测得的交叉相联的相反宇称带及带间的强化E1跃迁说明在^145,147La中形成强的八极形变.对¹⁴⁵La的研究表明,具有轴对称形状的四极形变与具有反演不对称形状的八极形变在同一核中产生共存与竞争.在πh_11/2带中观测到的带交叉位于ω≈0.26—0.30MeV附近,由推转壳模型计算表明,它是由一对i_13/2中子的顺排所引起的.     

Self-Consistent Description of Isobaric Analog Resonances in Neutron-Rich Nuclei with Pairing

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - A self-consistent approach to describing isobaric analog resonances (IAR) in neutron-rich nuclei that involve pairing is developed. The continuum quasiparticle...     

Isoscalar Monopole Excitations and Cluster Structures in Light Nuclei

Isoscalar monopole excitation to cluster states in light nuclei is in general strong as to be comparable with the single particle strength and shares about 20 % of the sum rule value. The isoscalar monopole strength function in ¹⁶O is discussed up to ${E_x \lesssim 40 \, {\rm MeV}.}$ We found that (1) two different types of monopole excitations exist in ¹⁶O; one is the monopole excitation to cluster states which is dominant in the lower energy part, and the other is the monopole excitation of the mean-field type such as one-particle one-hole (1p1h) which is attributed mainly to the higher energy part, and (2) this character of the monopole excitations originates from the fact that the ground state of ¹⁶O with the dominant doubly closed shell structure has a duality of the mean-field-type as well as alpha-clustering character.     

Radioactive-Ion Beams for the Fission Study of Heavy Neutron-Rich Nuclei

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - Quasi-elastic, multi-nucleon transfer reactions induced by the radioactive-ion beams with energy 4–6 MeV/u allow one to produce moderately excited neutron-rich...     

丰中子核中的中子势能特性

利用Skyrme-Hartree-Fock势和Woods-Saxon势,选取稳定核⁴⁸Ca和丰中子核⁶⁰Ca,对中子平均场势能进行了研究,并给出了其特性.发现丰中子核⁶⁰Ca的SHF势与Woods-Saxon势在核表面区域相当符合,但在核表面以外有相当大的差距.SHF势在表面以外部分比表面区域呈现出更大的弥散度,而原有的Woods-Saxon势不能描述这一特征.为此,对Woods-Saxon势形式进行了修正,经过验证,修正的Woods-Saxon势能正确地描述丰中子核的中子晕特性.     

Effect of Dynamical Pairing of the Beta-Decay Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei

The influence of an effective spin—isospin interaction in the particle—particle channel on the beta-decay half-lives and multineutron-emission probabilities is studied. The contributions of tensor correlations and coupling of the one- and two-phonon configurations are taken into account within a self-consistent approach that relies on the quasiparticle random-phase approximation and which employs Skyrme interaction. The beta-decay properties of neutron-rich cadmium isotopes are calculated.

     

Fission Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei around the End Point of r-Process

We studied the fission properties of neutron-rich nuclei ^278,286Cf around the end point of r-process by microscopic self-consistent approaches. The fission barriers and potential energy surfaces are obtained by constrained static Skyrme Hartree–Fock-BCS calculations. Fission fragments are studied by dynamical time-dependent Hartree–Fock+BCS calculations. Results show that ²⁸⁶Cf has an octupole deformation at ground state, which can increase the fission barrier height by 1.1...     

丰中子核116,118,120Cd的高自旋态和负宇称能级研究

通过对²⁵²Cf自发裂变产生的瞬发γ射线的多重符合测量,对丰中子核^116,118,120Cd的高自旋态进行了研究.实验是利用美国罗仑兹伯克利实验室的超级γ球探测装置进行的.¹¹⁸Cd的晕带自旋扩展到18h,而^116,120Cd的晕带扩展到16h.利用推转壳模型对带结构进行了计算,对这几个核晕带很陡的回弯现象做了讨论.在每个核中观测到了5^－和7^－能级,对其特性进行了讨论.在¹¹⁸Cd中还观测到一个基于7^－能级的准转动带     

Pion Coupling to Nuclei

The concept of the pion-nucleus coupling constants is discussed. Methods of their determination are reviewed. These include: forward dispersion relations, extrapolation of differential cross sections to the poles in the angular variable, analysis of data on electromagnetic form factors with the use of the PCAC and CVC hypotheses, pion photoproduction at threshold and low-ernergy theorems. Our present knowledge of the pion coupling to the He, Li, Be, C, N and O nuclei is summarized.     

Photodisintegration of Light Nuclei

The first microscopic calculation of inelastic reactions on nuclei with mass number A = 6 is presented. In particular, we consider the total photoabsorption cross section of ⁶He and ⁶Li. It is shown that the halo nucleus ⁶He exhibits two types of dipole resonances, the normal giant dipole resonance and a low-energy soft dipole resonance associated with the excitation of the outer neutrons. Comparing our results with available experimental data we note the role of P-wave interaction. Calculations are performed using the Lorentz integral transform (LIT) method and the effective interaction in the hyperspherical harmonics formalism (EIHH).     

Photodisintegration of Light Nuclei

Recent results of photodisintegration of deuteron and ³He measured with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer at Jefferson Lab are reported. The onset of dimensional scaling is investigated in the two-body photodisintegration of ³He, with the results indicating a scaling onset at remarkably low energy and momentum transfer. Results on the azimuthal asymmetry of deuteron photodisintegration are expected to aid in understanding the dominant mechanisms of deuteron photodisintegration and the underlying dynamics in the medium-energy region. In this region, neither effective field theories nor perturbative QCD can be used to describe the reaction, and understanding the underlying dynamics is based on phenomenological quark models.