关于非同向二氧化碲声光可调谐滤波器的实验研究

介绍了一种具有大光入射角度的非共线TeO2声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)的结构和特点,并对实验样品的特性进行了测量。实验结果表明,该器件在100nm的可调谐范围内有效衍射效率可以达到96%,带宽小于2nm,试验结果与理论值一致。这种AOTF将用于动态光分插复用器(OADM),在未来光网络系统中起到重要作用。     

A new type of small size acousto-optic tunable filter with super narrow optical linewidth

The new concept of the creation of an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) with super-resolution and small size is discussed. The advantage of the device is based on the use of a novel type of multi reflector beam expander that produces a highly collimated optical beam (angular spread about 100 ppm), tilted with a change in optical wavelength. The proposed AOTF, 1 cm in length, can have an optical linewidth about 0.1 nm and up to 400 tunable channels at a wavelength of 1540 nm. It can be utilized as a tunable filter for dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) in fiber optic networks and as a small-sized tunable optical spectrometer, for example, in sensors of gases, liquids and solids. The acousto-optic tunable filter can be developed by known technology developed for the creation of integrated optics and microelectronics devices. Received: 28 April 2001 / Revised version: 22 August 2001 / Published online: 2 November 2001     

Design, realisation and analysis of an apodised, film-loaded acousto-optic tunable filter

The design and realisation of a SiO₂ film-loaded Ti:LiNbO₃ integrated acousto-optic tunable filter are presented. An optimised Hamming apodisation is achieved through introducing an angular offset between the acoustic and optical waveguides along with carefully placed acoustic absorbers. The realised device has a 20-mm acoustic interaction length and achieves a 3-dB linewidth of 1.8 nm with 19-dB sidelobe suppression. The realised device is highly efficient, requiring a RF drive power of only 10 mW to achieve complete polarisation conversion. The enhanced drive efficiency of the device is analysed using both acoustic and optical mode analysis. Based on this analysis, possible explanations for the improved behaviour are presented and directions that may lead to further enhancements are discussed. Received: 18 May 2001 / Revised version: 7 August 2001 / Published online: 23 October 2001     

AOTF成像光谱仪声光晶体衍射效率研究

基于AOTF的成像光谱仪是集图像、光谱及偏振信息为一体的新型探测仪器,由于声光晶体是其核心分光器件,它的性能将影响目标信息的获取能力。因此, 研究提高声光晶体衍射效率的方法是AOTF成像光谱仪研制的重点和关键。首先介绍了AOTF成像光谱仪的工作原理,基于耦合波理论推导了声光晶体衍射效率方程,然后对AOTF成像光谱仪声光晶体衍射效率的影响因素进行数值仿真分析,最后,用Tracepro软件对不同入射光进行了仿真计算。分析结果表明,当AOTF成像光谱仪工作波长范围在0.4 μm~0.9 μm时,为使衍射效率能达到最大值,各个影响因素的最优值是:换能器长度d为2.5 mm,光栅倾斜角φ选择在80°,入射光选择o光。     

二氧化碲非同向声光可调谐滤波器的设计分析

在分析非同向声光可调谐滤波器器件设计理论的基础上，同时考虑声光晶体的双折射和旋光特征，分析和计算了二氧化碲声光可调谐滤波器的超声波极角θａ和入射光波极角θｉ之间的关系以及超声波频率ｆａ和光波波长λ０之间的调谐关系。     

Design and analysis of a noncollinear acousto-optic tunable filter

The design of the noncollinear acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is commonly based on the parallel tangents momentum-matching condition. Previous studies either have used an approximation of the birefringence of the interaction material or have ignored the rotatory property of TeO(2). These approaches would obviously decrease the accuracy of designing an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). We introduce an analysis method of calculating the optimum incident optical angle. Besides, an appropriate optical wedge on the output optical facet is designed to reduce the wavelength dependence of the diffracted beam angle, which is very significant in practical applications of AOTF.     

一种高通量宽带近红外声光可调滤光器的设计

声光可调滤光器(AOTF)是20世纪90年代以来近红外光谱仪最突出的进展,传统的单换能器结构使滤光器存在工作带宽较窄的问题。本文采用双换能器结构设计了一种高通量、宽带宽的近红外声光可调滤光器,基于“切面平行条件”波矢量布局方案,通过仿真计算确定声光晶体最优切向切角及换能器长度等最佳参数。两段换能器分别工作于两个不同的波段范围,使得滤光器的工作波段范围在光谱分辨率、衍射效率等参数满足要求的前提下大为改善。测试结果表明,设计的滤光器在900～2 400 nm波段范围内分辨率优于15 nm,衍射效率最高可到41%。     

声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)消色散设计

介绍了非共线声光可调谐滤波器的构成及基本原理,计算了非共线声光可调谐滤波器衍射出的±1级衍射偏振光的偏转角,采用在光路中添加光楔的方法补偿非共线声光可调谐滤波器晶体色散引起的图像漂移.分析结果表明使用TeO_2材料设计的光楔在楔角为7.6°的时候可以控制图像漂移在一个像元以内,并在400～900 nm的工作波段范围内满足稳定成像的要求.     

Design of High-Efficiency Diffraction Gratings Based on Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis for 800nm Wavelength

We report on the design of a high diffraction efficiency multi-layer dielectric grating with wide incident angle and broad bandwidth for 80Ohm. The optimized grating can achieve 〉 95% diffraction efficiency in the first order at an incident angle of 5° from Littrow and a wavelength from 77Ohm to 83Ohm, with peak diffraction efieieney of 〉 99.5% at 80Ohm. The electric field distribution of the optimized multi-layer dielectric grating within the gratings ridge is 1.3 times enhancement of the incidence light, which presents potential high laser resistance ability. Because of its high-effieieney, wide incident, broad bandwidth and potential high resistance ability, the multi-layer dielectric grating should have practical application in Ti：sapphire laser systems.     

楔角参量对角度调谐滤光片反射特性影响的光谱学研究

三端口可调谐滤波器是全光智能交换网络和密集波分复用系统中的核心器件。其反射端口的光谱特性,尤其是反射率和信道隔离度对于滤波器的性能至关重要。角度调谐滤光片因其良好的矩形度和温度稳定性被广泛应用于三端口可调谐滤波器的制备,其反射端口的光谱特性不仅与倾斜入射角度的大小有关,而且与其非平行端面间的楔角参量有关。文章详细分析了楔角参量对非平行角度调谐滤光片的反射率及半宽的影响,仿真计算了楔角参量在不同极性和大小条件下角度调谐滤光片的反射光谱特性,揭示了保持适当的楔角参量和方向性可以改善倾斜入射状态下滤光片的反射光谱特性。设计并制备了楔角为0.8°的楔形角度调谐滤光片,实验证明了当保持楔角方向与倾斜入射方向相同时会严重的劣化透反射光谱的半宽和隔离度,方向相反时则可以改善反射光谱的反射率和半宽指标。通过负楔角参量的引入使得角度调谐滤光片较之高平行度的同类器件具有更高的反射率和信道隔离度。     

AOTF成像光谱仪光学系统的最优方案选择

基于声光可调谐滤波器（AOTF）的成像光谱仪是一种新型的成像光谱仪,它除了具有一般成像光谱仪的二维空间信息与一维光谱信息外,还能获得目标的偏振信息。在实际应用中AOTF可接收的光束孔径角一般不大于5～6,因而受到所采用声光晶体可接收角度的限制,AOTF光谱成像仪的光学系统不能同时兼顾大孔径与大视场。要求AOTF成像光谱仪视场满足128128像元,TeO2晶体尺寸为10 mm10 mm,根据声光可调谐滤波器成像光谱仪光学系统的特点,分析比较了2种光学系统总体方案,最终将系统的孔径光栏放置在晶体上,TeO2晶体尺寸限制了孔径光栏的尺寸,晶体可接收的角度决定了系统的视场角,提高了能量利用率,获得较高的图像信噪比。     

倾斜入射楔形薄膜滤光片的透射光谱研究

角度调谐薄膜滤光片因较大的波长调谐特性和良好的矩形度在密集波分复用系统中得到了广泛的应用。在倾斜入射时薄膜滤光片透射光谱的透射率和半宽不仅受到入射角度的影响,还跟滤光片两端面间的非平行度即楔角的大小有关。详细分析了楔角对对滤光片透射率以及半宽的影响,发现适当的楔角和角度取向能够改善倾斜入射状态下滤光片的透射光谱特性。设计制备了楔角为0.8°的楔形薄膜角度调谐滤光片,实验结果证明保持该楔角的方向与倾斜入射角度相同时会严重的劣化透射光谱的透射率和矩形度,方向相反时则可以提高光谱的透射率以及矩形度,并使器件的波长调谐范围增大约10 nm。     

Semiconductor-Optical-Amplifier-Based Inverted and Non-Inverted Wavelength Conversion at 40 Gb/s Using a Detuning Optical Bandpass Filter

We experimentally demonstrate 40Gb/s semiconductor-optical-amplifier-based tunable wavelength conversion （WC） using a detuning optical bandpass filter. Both inverted and non-inverted WCs are obtained by shifting the filter central wavelength with respect to the probe wavelength. When the filter is red shifted by 0.4nm or blue shifted by 0.3nm, the WC is non-inverted. However, when the filter is blue shifted by 0.1 nm, the WC is inverted. It is experimentally demonstrated that the WC has a tunable range covering the C-band.     

Acousto-optic filter of nonpolarized electromagnetic radiation

An acousto-optic tunable filter that is insensitive to the polarization of incident light is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The fundamental possibility of designing an acousto-optic filter of nonpolarized light is demonstrated. The filter operates in the visible range of electromagnetic waves with λ=480–750 nm and provides a high spatial and temporal resolution. The number of resolvable spots of the filtered image reaches a value of 400×400 with the spectral bandwidth of the device being Δλ=1.7 nm. The results of the processing of optical images formed by arbitrarily polarized light beams are discussed. An acousto-optic filter based on a TeO₂ crystal can be used in optics and spectroscopy in the processing of light beams with an arbitrary polarization, as well as in analyzing optical images formed by light beams whose polarization varies with time.     

Optical filter with tunable wavelength and bandwidth based on cholesteric liquid crystals

An optical filter with tunable wavelength and bandwidth has been demonstrated using two cholesteric liquid crystals configured in a reflection mode, in which the incident light is first reflected by one cholesteric liquid crystal and then by the other one. The central wavelength can be tuned from 527 nm to 574 nm and the bandwidth can be changed from 10 nm to 80 nm. It has potential applications in many fields, especially in optical communications and multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems.     

Transmittance Characteristics of Buckled Fabry--Perot Tunable Filter with Membrane Structure

A wavelength tunable thermo-optic filter has been designed and fabricated for 1550 nm transmission. It has a Fabry--Perot resonator at the center with two sets of distributed Bragg reflector mirrors at both ends. The filter is fabricated as a free-standing membrane of alternating poly-Si and SiO₂ films surrounded by a thick silicon frame. The membrane is buckled due to the residual stress. Because of the buckling effect, high tuning efficiency of more than 0.17 nm/°C is observed. When the filter has a buckled surface, the incident light normal to the filter should have a range of non-zero angle of incidence to the membrane, which is dependent on the degree of buckling that depends again on the temperature. The transmittance calculations which integrate each incoming ray from a different incident angle show good qualitative agreement with the temperature dependence of the center wavelength and bandwidth.     

La_3Ga_5SiO_(14)声光可调谐滤波器设计

分析了La3Ga5SiO14(简称LGS)既可以做成同向声光可调谐滤波器,又可以做成大孔径非同向声光可调谐滤波器。推导出超声波频率f和光波波长λo的调谐关系;计算出滤波器的光谱分辨率R和集光能力δiθ;光入射角iθ与衍射角θd、声入射角θa之间的关系。为LGS声光可调滤波器的实用化设计提供了充分可靠的理论依据。把LGS与TeO2声光可调滤波器的光谱分辨率和集光能力做了比较,认为LGS设计成同向声光可调谐滤波器既简便又实用。     

AOPDF-shaped optical parametric amplifier output in the visible

Time shaping of ultra-short visible pulses has been performed using a specially designed acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter of 50% efficiency at the output of a two-stage non-collinear optical parametric amplifier. The set-up is compact and reliable. It provides a tunable shaped source in the visible with unique features: a 4-ps shaping window with preserved tunability over 500–650 nm, and pulses as short as 30 fs. Several-μJ output energy is easily obtained.     

Electro-optic Solc-type flat-top bandpass filter based on periodically poled lithium niobate

Based on the spectrum waveform similarity (SWS) rule we discovered in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), a compact tunable flat-top bandpass filter is proposed theoretically, from which the bandwidth of the flat-top waveform can be obtained. For practical application, tunable flat-top filter can be easily achieved by selecting appropriate electric field along the transverse direction of PPLN. The tolerance analysis for this kind of tunable flat-top bandpass filter is also presented.     

集成光学声光可调谐波长滤波器的研制

阐述了中心波长为１．５２３μｍ的集成光学声光可调谐波长滤波器的各项理论参数、制作工艺以及性能测试。在有效声光相互作用长度１６ｍｍ、射频驱动功率３５ｍＷ时,获得了模式转换效率大于９９％、插入损耗小于－４．ｄＢ、带宽１．６ｎｍ、３ｄＢ调谐范围为１４０ｎｍ的实验结果。