Density Functional Theory Study on Organic Dye Sensitizers Containing Bis-dimethylfluorenyl Amino Benzofuran

The geometries, electronic structures, polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities, as well as the UV-Vis spectra of the two organic dye sensitizers containing bis-dimethylfluorenyl amino benzofuran were studied via density functional theory （DFT） and time-dependent DFT. The features of electronic absorption spectra were assigned on account of the agreement between the experiment and the calculations. The absorption bands in visible region are related to photoinduced electron transfer processes, and the dimethylfluorenyl amino benzo[b]furan groups are major chromophore that contributed to the sensitization of photo-to-current conversion. The role of vinylene group in geometry, electronic structure and spectra property is analyzed according to the comparative study of the dyes.     

额外电子受体功能化的C216基敏化剂光伏性能理论研究

通过向C216染料中插入额外电子受体的分子设计策略,设计了5个具有D-A-π-A结构的新染料,利用密度泛函理论计算和Marcus电荷传输模型研究了其结构、电子、光学及光伏性质．结果表明,插入额外电子受体可以稳定LUMO能级、缩小HOMO-LUMO能隙及显著红移染料的光吸收峰．基于对电子注入/复合速率和效率的估算,预测C216染料在标准光辐射下(100mW·cm^-2)的光电转换效率(PCE)约为7.85%,与实验测量值7.70%非常接近,证明本文所用计算方案是可靠的．采用同一方案,预测所设计染料A4/A5的PCE值高达14.29%/15.47%,约为C216的1.82/1.97倍,说明染料A4和A5是潜在的高性能染料候选物,值得进一步实验研究．     

四硫富瓦烯作为染料敏化太阳能电池有机染料电子给体的理论研究

为了研究四硫富瓦烯(TTF)基团对有机染料敏化剂光电性能的影响,以咔唑染料Dye 1 为原型,引入TTF基团作为电子给体,设计了咔唑染料Dye 2. 采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)分别计算模拟了纯染料分子和吸附团簇(TiO₂)₉后的形貌、分子轨道能级以及紫外-可见吸收光谱,采用周期性密度泛函理论计算模拟染料分子在二氧化钛(101)面吸附的表面形貌. 结果发现：在有机染料中引入TTF基团有助于有机染料敏化剂在二氧化钛表面的抗团聚作用和分子内的电荷转移;最为重要的是,TTF 基团的强给电子能力极大地增强了有机染料敏化剂的光捕获能力. 所有的计算结果表明,TTF基团是一种非常有潜力改善染料敏化剂光电性能的给电子基团.     

四硫富瓦烯作为染料敏化太阳能电池有机染料电子给体的理论研究(英文)

为了研究四硫富瓦烯(TTF)基团对有机染料敏化剂光电性能的影响,以咔唑染料Dye 1为原型,引入TTF基团作为电子给体,设计了咔唑染料Dye 2.采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)分别计算模拟了纯染料分子和吸附团簇(TiO2)9后的形貌、分子轨道能级以及紫外-可见吸收光谱,采用周期性密度泛函理论计算模拟染料分子在二氧化钛(101)面吸附的表面形貌.结果发现:在有机染料中引入TTF基团有助于有机染料敏化剂在二氧化钛表面的抗团聚作用和分子内的电荷转移;最为重要的是,TTF基团的强给电子能力极大地增强了有机染料敏化剂的光捕获能力.所有的计算结果表明,TTF基团是一种非常有潜力改善染料敏化剂光电性能的给电子基团.     

CdO及CdxZn1-xO化合物的结构、能量和电子性能分析

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理的平面波超软赝势计算方法,研究了纤锌矿结构的cdxZn1-xO化合物以及CdO在纤锌矿结构、岩盐结构和闪锌矿结构的基态电子特性和体结构,分析了CdO的稳定性.通过对比纤锌矿结构、岩盐结构和闪锌矿结构CdO的内聚能,发现岩盐结构和纤锌矿结构CdO的稳定性好,闪锌矿结构相对较差;通过对CdxZn1-xO化合物在不同Cd组分下的电子结构计算,得到了较好的禁带宽度拟合结果,能带弯曲参量B=1.02 eV;通过形成能与组分关系的分析,我们认为当Cd的组分x=0.4左右时,CdxZn1-xO化合物最不稳定,容易出现相分离现象.     

CdSe的电子结构和光学性质研究

CdSe是Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体材料中一种重要的半导体材料,它有闪锌矿和纤锌矿两种不同的结构,带隙较窄,具有优良的电光特性和广泛的应用前景,得到了人们的广泛关注[1-3].     

高压相BeO晶体的电子结构和光学性质

应用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究方法,考虑广义梯度近似(GGA)下的交换关联势,模拟计算了高压下纤维锌矿(WZ)、闪锌矿(ZB)和岩盐(RS)结构氧化铍(BeO)晶体的电子结构和光学性质等.计算结果表明,随着压力的增加,同种结构下原子间的键长和电荷转移有所减小,并且价带和导带分别向低能和高能方向移动,禁带展宽.与常压下的BeO相比,随着压力的增加,三种结构的BeO晶体的光学性质有一定的变化,介电函数、吸收系数、折射率以及电子能量损失谱曲线出现更多的精细结构,峰的数量增多;各高压相结构的吸收谱和能量损失谱宽度逐次展宽;吸收系数曲线的吸收峰及其位于低能区域的吸收边以及电子能量损失谱峰的位置均发生一定程度的蓝移.     

ZnO氧缺陷的电子结构和光学性质

采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法对ZnO_0.875的电子结构和光学性质进行了计算. 用第一性原理对含氧空位的ZnO晶体进行了结构优化处理, 计算了完整的和含氧空位的ZnO晶体的电子态密度. 结合精确计算的电子态密度分析了带间跃迁占主导地位的ZnO_0.875 材料的介电函数、吸收系数、折射系数、湮灭系数和反射系数, 并对光学性质和极化之间的联系做了详细讨论. 结果表明ZnO_0.875晶体是单轴晶体, 并且在低能区域存在因氧缺陷而造成的一些特性. 我们的研究结果为ZnO的发光特性提供新的视野, 同时为ZnO的光电子材料的设计和应用提供理论基础.     

有机染料D-SS和D-ST用于染料敏化太阳能电池光敏剂的比较

为了揭示D-SS和D-ST分子敏化的染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)的物理机制,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)、含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)和自然键轨道(NBO)分析,模拟计算染料D-SS和D-ST分子的结构、紫外-可见吸收光谱和能级结构.D-SS的紫外-可见吸收光谱相比于D-ST的有明显的红移,而且D-SS分子的摩尔吸光系数也高于D-ST分子的.D-SS分子本应该比D-ST分子拥有更高的俘获太阳辐射光子的能力,但由于D-SS分子的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级位置比氧化还原电解质(|-/|-3)的氧化还原能级高,处于光激发态的D-SS分子向TiO2电极注入电子而被氧化后,不能顺利地从电解质中得到电子而还原,使得D-SS分子俘获光子的能力不能充分发挥,从而严重地降低了由其敏化的DSSCs的光电性能和光电能量转换效率.揭示了D-SS敏化的DSSCs的光电性能,特别是光电能量转换效率比D-ST敏化的DSSCs的低的原因.染料敏化剂分子的HOMO能级的位置对于DSSCs来说也是很重要的,用于DSSCs的有机敏化剂分子的HOMO能级的位置必须低于氧化还原电解质的氧化还原能级.     

BaTiO3的电子结构和光学性质

采用第一性原理赝势平面波方法, 在局域密度近似(LDA)和广义梯度近似(GGA)下分别计算了BaTiO3立方相和四方相的电子结构, 并在局域密度近似下计算了BaTiO3立方相的光学性质. 结果表明, BaTiO3立方相和四方相都为间接带隙, 方向分别为Γ-M和Γ-X, 大小分别为2.02和2.20 eV. 对BaTiO3和PbTiO3铁电相短键上电子布居数的对比分析, 给出了它们铁电性大小的差别. 且在30 eV的能量范围内研究了BaTiO3 的介电函数、吸收系数、折射系数、湮灭系数、反射系数和能量损失系数等光学性质,并基于电子能带结构对光学性质进行了解释. 计算结果与实验数据相符合.     

Geometry,Electronic Structure,and Related Properties of Dye Sensitizer： 3,4-bis[1- （carboxymethyl）-3-indolyl]- 1 H-pyrrole-2,5-dione

The geometry, electronic structure, polarizability and hyperpolarizability of dye sensitizer 3,4-bis[1-（carboxymethyl）-3-indolyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione （BIMCOOH） were studied using density functional theory （DFT） with hybrid functional B3LYP, and the electronic absorption spectra were investigated using semi-empirical quantum chemical method ZINDO-1 and time-dependent DFT （TDDFT）. The results of natural bond orbital suggest that the natural charges of the dione, indole, and acetic groups are about 0.15e, -0.29e, and 0.44e, respectively. The calculated isotropic polarizability, polarizability anisotropy invariant and hyperpolarizability are 305.4, 188.3, and 1155.4 a.u., respectively. The electronic absorption spectral features in visible and near-UV region were assigned to the π→π^＊ transition due to the qualitative agreement between the experiment and the TDDFT calculations, and the transitions of the excited states 9-11 related to photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer processes. The analysis of electronic structure and UV-Vis absorption indicates that the indole groups primarily contributed sensitization of photo-to-currency conversion processes, and the interracial electron transfer between semiconductor TiO2 electrode and dye sensitizer BIMCOOH are electron injection processes from excited states of the dyes to the semiconductor conduction band.     

Molecular modeling of 3,4-pyridinedicarbonitrile dye sensitizer for solar cells using quantum chemical calculations

The geometries, electronic structures, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities of organic dye sensitizer 3,4-pyridinedicarbonitrile was studied based on Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) using the hybrid functional B3LYP. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrum was investigated by time dependent DFT (TD-DFT). Features of the electronic absorption spectrum in the visible and near-UV regions were assigned based on TD-DFT calculations. The absorption bands are assigned to π → π1 transitions. Calculated results suggest that the three lowest energy excited states are due to photoinduced electron transfer processes. The interfacial electron transfer between semiconductor TiO₂ electrode and 3,4-pyridinedicarbonitrile is due to electron injection process from excited dye to the semiconductor’s conduction band. The role of cyanine in 3,4-pyridinedicarbonitrile in geometries, electronic structures, and spectral properties were analyzed.     

有机晶体材料DAST和DSTMS的电子结构与光学性质

采用基于赝势平面波基组的密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,研究了有机晶体材料4-(4-二甲氨基苯乙烯基)甲基吡啶对甲苯磺酸盐(DAST)和4-(4-二甲氨基苯乙烯基)甲基吡啶2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酸盐(DSTMS)的电子结构和光学性质.结果表明,两种化合物具有相似的能带结构,其中价带顶和导带底分别含有较多二甲氨基和甲基吡啶中N原子的2p轨道成分.在线性光学性质方面,两种化合物具有较高的双折射率(Δn>0.5),在中远红外区均具有较好的透过性能.在二阶非线性光学性质方面,该类晶体具有较强的二阶倍频(SHG)效应,静态倍频系数d11约为150 pm V-1.由能带结构分析结果可知,体系的SHG效应与推拉电子基团之间的电荷转移密切相关,同时乙烯桥键在该电子转移过程中也起着重要作用.     

Optical Properties of Dye Based on Hydroxamate Improved with Designed Tridentate Ligands for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell: a Theoretical Study

A density function theory(DFT) study was made on three dyes based on hydroxamate with different ligands[terpyridine, isothiocyanate(NCS) and 2,2'-bis(thienyl)-tripyrrinate(2-BTTP)] to investigtate their device performance optimization in dye sensitized solar cell(DSSC). Based on the adsorbed dye on TiO₂ (101) surface, the ground state geometry structures, electronic structures, absorption spectra and correspongding charge transfer properties were analysed in detail. The results indicate that the ligand replacement of terpyridine by NCS and 2-BTTP improves the low-energy region absorption of hydroxamate based dyes significantly. The electron injection and light harvesting capability of hydroxamate based dyes are enhanced by NCS and 2-BTTP ligands as well. In the visible region, hydroxamate based dyes have the potentials to become panchromatic light absorbers according to our research.     

3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮的电子结构和光谱性质

苯并蒽酮衍生物在新型荧光材料、非线性光学材料和液晶显示材料等领域有较大的应用前景.本文采用量子化学方法优化了3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮的基态几何结构和第一单重激发态的几何结构,并与X射线晶体衍射实验值进行了对比.利用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)的不同泛函,计算了3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮在气相和溶剂中的吸收和发射光谱,考察了它的电子结构和光谱特征,并分析了不同泛函、基组以及溶剂效应对吸收和发射光谱的影响.计算结果表明:3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮的最强吸收和发射光谱都是具有π→π*跃迁特征的电荷转移(CT)态;泛函B3LYP能较好地重现实验吸收能;而对于具有分子内电荷转移特征的激发态,泛函MPWK能较好地重现实验发射能.溶剂效应的计算表明,不同极性的溶剂对3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮的吸收光谱和发射光谱的影响较小.理论预测的光谱与实验结果一致.     

Effect of Pressure on Electronic Structures and Optical Properties of Rocksalt InN

The electronic structures and optical properties of rocksalt indium nitride (InN) under pres-sure were studied using the first-principles calculation by considering the exchange and cor-relation potentials with the generalized gradient approximation. The calculated lattice con-stant shows good agreement with the experimental value. It is interestingly found that the band gap energy E_g at the Γ or X point remarkably increases with increasing pressure, but E_g at the L point does not increase obviously. The pressure coefficient of E_g is calculated to be 44 meV/GPa at the Γ point. Moreover, the optical properties of rocksalt InN were calculated and discussed based on the calculated band structures and electronic density of states.