双平衡式探测在激光测速仪中的应用研究

为了增大激光多普勒测速仪的测量距离,设计了基于马赫-曾德尔环形结构的双平衡式探测接收系统来提高灵敏度。基于平衡探测光电流的表达式,推导了平衡探测系统信噪比的表达式并对相关因素进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明:在相同光信号输入条件下,当两个探测器的量子效率比值在(0.236,1)之间时,平衡探测系统的信噪比高于普通相干探测系统的信噪比,并且当探测器量子效率相等时,信噪比最大。最后通过实验验证量子系数的比值对信噪比的影响。,     

激光诱导荧光遥感系统的设计

分别设计了地面车载 (或海面 )和空中机载激光诱导荧光雷达成像遥感系统。提出了用拼合式卡塞格仑(Cassegrainnian)望远镜结构实现多色荧光成像系统。所设计的系统可以同时获取荧光光谱信息、荧光信息成像和与荧光信息相匹配的地理信息。所设计的系统与以住的激光荧光遥感系统相比 ,增加了荧光成像功能。机载设计方案是一个适应RS、GPS、GIS一体化和“数字地球”发展要求的激光遥感空间信息集成的设计 ,具有一定的先进性。     

太阳对成像型天基激光告警系统的影响

针对成像型天基激光告警系统中的太阳背景辐射问题,通过理论分析和数值计算研究了太阳与系统探测器不同空间位置关系时直射太阳光和地球反射太阳光对系统成像信噪比、威胁激光检测、探测器自身安全的影响.结果表明:太阳光是天基激光告警系统的主要背景辐射,地球反射太阳光是系统红外探测器成像的主要背景光|反射太阳光辐照在探测器像面上的最大能量密度为0.97 mJ/cm2,反射太阳光背景下,攻击激光成像信噪比在103以上,信标激光信噪比小于1,反射太阳光对攻击激光检测没有影响,对信标激光成像是强背景干扰|直射太阳光辐照探测器是系统不可避免的情况,太阳成像光斑功率密度最大时约20 W/cm2,将导致探测器像元饱和甚至损坏|太阳成像光斑特征与入射激光相似,会造成系统严重虚警.     

基于太赫兹量子阱探测器的太赫兹量子级联激光器发射谱研究

采用一个光谱匹配的太赫兹(THz)量子阱探测器(QWP)研究了一激射频率约为41 THz的THz量子级联激光器(QCL)在不同驱动电流下的发射谱,分析了测量得到的发射谱谱型和谱峰位置,根据测量的发射谱估算了太赫兹量子级联激光器发射功率随驱动电流变化的情况,从而得到了THz QCL激射的电流密度范围及其阈值电流密度.文中还研究了THz QWP在不同温度下对THz QCL 激光辐射的响应特性.研究结果表明,THz QWP在表征THz QCL的发射谱方面是一种很好的探测器,并有望成为未来THz通信中的接收装置. 关键词： 太赫兹量子阱探测器 太赫兹量子级联激光器 太赫兹通信 Fourier变换红外光谱     

降雨背景下量子定位系统中最优平均光子数自适应策略

基于光量子探测的无线激光通信技术在天地一体化保密通信网络中具有重要应用。基于光源光子数的泊松分布模型、大气湍流Gamma-Gamma模型、单光子探测器响应模型和相关计数信号处理方法建立了湍流信道中光量子通信系统的误码率(BER)计算模型,仿真分析了光源光子数分布、湍流信道参数、单光子探测器性能参数、相关计数方法等对系统BER的影响。结果表明,系统BER与激光脉冲平均光子数、脉冲频率和探测器探测效率呈负相关关系;而系统BER与大气湍流强度、探测器暗计数呈正相关;采用相关计数方法可有效降低系统BER,当开门次数确定时,系统存在一个最佳判别门限。所提模型可为光量子通信系统的设计与优化提供参考。     

用于连续变量量子存储的快速响应平衡零拍探测器

改进了连续变量量子存储的平衡零拍探测器,得到了一种可以实时测量短脉冲光信号正交分量的快速响应平衡零拍探测器。利用无电容电路,以及高量子效率、低结电容的光电二极管,获得的平衡零拍探测器的响应时间为65ns;当波长为795nm、功率大于100μW的激光入射时,在2.5 MHz处的信噪比超过12dB,相应的饱和功率为6.8mW。该平衡零拍探测器可以应用于连续变量量子存储、量子网络等研究领域中。     

GaN/AlGaN双带红外探测及光子频率上转换研究

研究了GaN/AlGaN异质结构中的双带（中、远）红外探测及光子频率上转换特性.通过光致发光光谱确认GaN/AlGaN探测器结构中AlGaN本征层的Al组分,讨论了不同Al组分GaN/AlGaN异质结的导带带阶界面功函数差.在拟合单周期GaN/AlGaN探测器中红外和远红外波段响应谱的基础上,研究多周期GaN/AlGaN探测器与GaN/AlGaN发光二极管集成结构的中红外和远红外光子频率上转换效率与GaN发射层厚度、AlGaN本征层厚度、紫光光子出射效率、内量子效率、空间频率和发射层掺杂浓度间的关系,优化 关键词： 双带红外探测 光子频率上转换 响应谱 GaN/AlGaN     

探测器像元尺寸对航空光电系统成像性能影响分析

针对航空光电系统成像性能要求,从探测器像元尺寸出发,研究了探测器像元尺寸对探测器动态范围、信噪比、调制传递函数等性能参数的影响,并分析了探测器像元尺寸对光电系统分辨率、信噪比、探测识别作用距离等总体性能参数的影响,最后列举了国外典型航空光电系统参数及其选用的探测器参数。通过分析探测器性能参数与系统总体性能参数之间的关系,给出探测器像元尺寸选型及航空光电系统Fλ/d典型值的建议,即一般情况下航空光电系统为了获得远距离高像质图像,优先选用大像元探测器,并综合权衡探测器像元尺寸与系统Fλ/d之间的关系,将Fλ/d控制在2以内。     

太阳对成像型天基激光告警系统的影响

针对成像型天基激光告警系统中的太阳背景辐射问题,通过理论分析和数值计算研究了太阳与系统探测器不同空间位置关系时直射太阳光和地球反射太阳光对系统成像信噪比、威胁激光检测、探测器自身安全的影响.结果表明:太阳光是天基激光告警系统的主要背景辐射,地球反射太阳光是系统红外探测器成像的主要背景光;反射太阳光辐照在探测器像面上的最...     

机载红外搜索跟踪系统的最佳阈噪比

为了探求机载红外搜索跟踪(IRST)系统的最佳阈噪比(TNR),采用基于信噪比(SNR)的作用距离模型,并结合虚警概率、发现概率和SNR之间的函数关系,构建了机载IRST系统的探测点目标概率模型,重点分析了发现概率与作用距离、目标速度和倾斜角度之间的关系。结合飞机的红外辐射特性,建立了机载IRST系统的探测概率数学模型,仿真分析了在不同TNR下,方位角和俯仰角的变化对作用距离的影响。根据作战需求,提出最佳TNR在8~10范围内。该研究结果为提高机载IRST系统在实际使用中的探测效率提供了参考依据。     

Statistical properties of laser-induced fluorescence signals

We point out the influence of the different noise sources which occur in the detection of the fluorescence signal induced by a laser in an atomic beam. We have developed a theoretical model which takes account of the atomic shot noise, photon noise, laser-frequency noise and a partition noise linked to the imperfect detection of the fluorescence photons. The calculations have been performed for two- and three-level atomic systems. We detail the own contribution of each noise source and give some predictions concerning the value of the fluorescence signal to noise ratio. We determine predominance domains of each noise source which depend on the values of key parameters such as the atomic flux intensity and the laser spectral linewidth. We particularly show that the laser-frequency noise, which induces a coupling between the emission of fluorescence photons by various atoms, leads to a saturation of the S/N ratio for intense atomic fluxes. Moreover, we point out that the optical pumping process associated with a three level atomic system leads to an interesting laser-noise filtering effect.     

Remote sample characterization based on fluorescence monitoring

The possibilities and limitations of remote sample characterization using induced fluorescence are discussed. General equations for remote sensing of fluorescence are presented and discussed. The implications of different elements of a system for remote fluorescence sensing on different parameters of the equations are treated. Background light influence and signal processing are considered. Pulsed lasers, flashlamps and cw lamps as excitation sources are compared when matched to the proper detection scheme employing boxcar integration or lock-in detection. Model experiments have been performed to demonstrate different measurement strategies. Examples from remote oil-slick characterization are chosen as illustrations.     

Non-selective Remote Sensing of Organic Pollutants by Laser Induced IR Fluorescence

A number of papers from this laboratory^1–6 have described work which may be termed “feasibility studies” of the application of laser induced infrared fluorescence to remote sensing of molecular air pollutants. An initial attempt to demonstrate extra-laboratory remote sensing was made⁷ using a cassagrainian telescope system with a 4–1/4 inch aluminum coated primary. The analytical sensitivity of this system was found to be insufficient for remote sensing. It was felt that the power of the laser was too low for the detection of molecules more than a few feet from the detector. Further in the cassagrainian system, several feet of the laser optical path closest to the detector are shielded from the collecting mirror by the reflecting mirror. Since this part of the system is closest to the detector, it was felt that the signal for the most sensitive analytical region was eliminated from observation. In a second attempt to demonstrate remote sensing with this system the optics were redesigned.     

Design and performance evaluation of the imaging payload for a remote sensing satellite

In this paper an analysis method and corresponding analytical tools for design of the experimental imaging payload (IMPL) of a remote sensing satellite (SINA-1) are presented. We begin with top-level customer system performance requirements and constraints and derive the critical system and component parameters, then analyze imaging payload performance until a preliminary design that meets customer requirements. We consider system parameters and components composing the image chain for imaging payload system which includes aperture, focal length, field of view, image plane dimensions, pixel dimensions, detection quantum efficiency, and optical filter requirements. The performance analysis is accomplished by calculating the imaging payload's SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), and imaging resolution. The noise components include photon noise due to signal scene and atmospheric background, cold shield, out-of-band optical filter leakage and electronic noise. System resolution is simulated through cascaded modulation transfer functions (MTFs) and includes effects due to optics, image sampling, and system motion. Calculations results for the SINA-1 satellite are also presented.     

水下平台对卫星上行激光通信研究

在合理选择通信系统参量和通信信道参量的基础上,利用Monte Carlo方法模拟了卫星接收到的水下平台上行激光通信信号.分析了卫星接收信号的空间和时间分布特性,以及与望远镜接收视场角的关系,并计算了接收信号的信噪比,得出了3°望远镜视场角和15 μs信号积分时间的优化参量.基于计算结果,根据激光脉冲的PPM调制方式和最大似然检测方法,计算了系统的通信误码率,同时分析了海气界面、云等传输介质对通信的影响.研究结果表明:根据文中给定通信系统参量,在典型海水、海气界面、云等环境条件下,卫星与激光信号中心水平距离5 km范围内信号误码率<10－4.因此位于水下60 m的水下平台可能实现对卫星上行激光通信.     

偏振成像激光雷达遥感中的基本变换研究

针对偏振成像激光雷达遥感的计算需求,在假设以散射体中心为主坐标系中心的情况下,研究了入射偏振光和散射偏振光坐标系的变换、散射体引起的偏振状态的变化以及散射矩阵与Mueller矩阵之间的几种最基本的变换关系,并从群论的观点给出了这些变换关系的描述。这些变换关系的进一步展开便可得到具体的激光雷达偏振遥感物理量的计算方法,这在解读偏振激光雷达遥感图像的应用中具有实际作用。     

激光告警接收机灵敏度和信噪比分析及实验验证

为了对抗现代战争中日趋严重的激光威胁,激光告警技术已成为亟需研究的课题之一。灵敏度和信噪比是激光告警系统重要的性能指标,它直接影响告警系统整体的探测性能。文中根据信号统计检测理论,提出了一种计算相干探测光谱识别型激光告警接收机灵敏度和信噪比的方法。首先,分析了激光信号和接收机噪声的概率分布。然后,基于阈值探测理论和奈曼—皮尔逊准则,通过引入探测概率因子和虚警概率因子,建立了信号电流方程,进而得到了灵敏度和信噪比的计算表达式。最后,利用该方法对自行研制的光栅衍射激光告警接收机的探测灵敏度和信噪比进行了理论计算和相关的实验验证, 结果表明：由该方法计算的灵敏度和信噪比与实验结果基本相符。     

Tunable erbium-doped fiber ring laser with signal-averaging function for fiber-optic sensing applications

This work proposes a novel erbium-doped fiber ring laser as a sensing control center (CC) for long-haul fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor systems. The tunable erbium-doped fiber laser with signal averaging functionality not only provides intense and stable laser light, but also suppresses the effect of noise on the system performance. A sample 30/60 km FBG sensor array is connected to the fiber ring laser to demonstrate experimentally the feasibility and effectiveness of the laser as a CC. The experimental results indicate that the signal averaging operation inside the proposed setup increases the system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).     

基于可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱遥测CH4浓度

文章对可调谐二极管激光的直接吸收和波长调制光谱进行了理论分析,设计了一套用于研究甲烷吸收特性的测量系统.近红外二极管激光工作在室温下,选用波长为1.65 μm,利用甲烷的2v3带R(3)线实现对甲烷气体的吸收测量,对测量的信噪比和系统的基本噪声源进行了分析,为实现甲烷浓度的在线遥测打下基础.